Identification
Name2-isopropylmalate synthase
Synonyms
  • Alpha-IPM synthase
  • Alpha-isopropylmalate synthase
Gene NameLEU4
Enzyme Class
Biological Properties
General FunctionInvolved in 2-isopropylmalate synthase activity
Specific FunctionCatalyzes the condensation of the acetyl group of acetyl-CoA with 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate (2-oxoisovalerate) to form 3-carboxy-3-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate (2-isopropylmalate)
Cellular LocationMitochondrion. Cytoplasm
SMPDB Pathways
Pyruvate metabolismPW002447 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
KEGG Pathways
Pyruvate metabolismec00620 Map00620
Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesisec00290 Map00290
SMPDB Reactions
2-Isopropylmalic acid + Coenzyme AAcetyl-CoA + water + Alpha-Ketoisovaleric acid
KEGG Reactions
Acetyl-CoA + Alpha-Ketoisovaleric acid + water2-Isopropylmalic acid + hydron + Coenzyme A
Metabolites
YMDB IDNameView
YMDB00045Coenzyme AShow
YMDB001062-Isopropylmalic acidShow
YMDB00312Acetyl-CoAShow
YMDB00365Alpha-Ketoisovaleric acidShow
YMDB00862hydronShow
YMDB00890waterShow
GO Classification
Component
Not Available
Function
2-isopropylmalate synthase activity
catalytic activity
transferase activity
transferase activity, transferring acyl groups
transferase activity, transferring acyl groups, acyl groups converted into alkyl on transfer
Process
branched chain family amino acid metabolic process
leucine metabolic process
leucine biosynthetic process
metabolic process
cellular metabolic process
cellular amino acid and derivative metabolic process
cellular amino acid metabolic process
organic acid metabolic process
oxoacid metabolic process
carboxylic acid metabolic process
Gene Properties
Chromosome Locationchromosome 14
LocusYNL104C
Gene Sequence>1860 bp ATGGTTAAAGAGAGTATTATTGCTCTTGCTGAGCATGCGGCCTCCAGAGCCTCAAGAGTT ATTCCTCCAGTGAAGCTAGCCTATAAAAATATGCTTAAGGACCCTTCCTCCAAGTACAAG CCATTTAACGCTCCAAAGCTATCTAATAGAAAGTGGCCGGATAACCGGATCACGAGGGCT CCTCGTTGGTTATCAACAGATTTGAGAGATGGTAACCAATCTCTGCCGGATCCCATGTCA GTGGAACAAAAGAAAGAATACTTTCACAAGCTGGTCAATATTGGGTTCAAAGAAATCGAG GTTTCCTTCCCCTCTGCATCTCAAACAGATTTCGACTTCACTAGATATGCTGTAGAAAAC GCCCCAGACGATGTTAGTATTCAATGTCTTGTCCAATCTAGAGAACACTTGATTAAGAGA ACGGTGGAAGCATTAACAGGTGCTAAAAAGGCTACTATACATACTTACTTGGCAACAAGT GATATGTTCCGTGAAATTGTTTTTAATATGTCTAGAGAGGAAGCTATTTCCAAGGCAGTA GAGGCCACCAAACTAGTTAGGAAACTAACTAAGGATGACCCTTCCCAACAAGCCACTCGT TGGTCCTATGAGTTTTCCCCCGAATGTTTCAGTGATACTCCAGGTGAATTTGCTGTAGAA ATTTGCGAAGCTGTTAAGAAGGCTTGGGAACCTACCGAGGAAAATCCAATCATTTTCAAC TTACCTGCTACCGTAGAAGTTGCCTCTCCAAATGTTTATGCTGATCAGATTGAATACTTC GCTACCCATATTACTGAGCGTGAGAAGGTTTGCATCTCTACACATTGTCACAATGACCGT GGTTGCGGTGTCGCCGCCACAGAGTTAGGTATGCTTGCAGGTGCCGACCGTGTAGAAGGA TGTCTCTTTGGTAATGGTGAACGTACAGGTAATGTGGACTTGGTTACTGTTGCTATGAAT ATGTATACCCAAGGTGTTTCTCCTAATTTGGATTTCTCTGACTTGACCTCTGTCCTAGAT GTGGTTGAGCGTTGTAATAAGATCCCAGTATCGCAAAGAGCACCATACGGCGGTGACTTG GTCGTTTGTGCCTTTTCCGGTTCTCACCAAGACGCCATTAAGAAGGGTTTCAACTTACAA AACAAGAAGCGTGCTCAAGGTGAAACTCAATGGAGAATCCCATACTTGCCATTGGATCCA AAGGACATTGGCCGTGATTACGAAGCTGTCATCAGAGTCAACTCTCAGTCTGGTAAAGGT GGTGCCGCTTGGGTTATTTTGAGATCTTTGGGTTTGGATCTACCAAGAAACATGCAAATC GAATTTTCTAGCGCCGTTCAAGACCATGCTGACTCCTTGGGTAGAGAACTAAAATCAGAT GAGATTTCCAAGTTATTCAAAGAGGCTTACAACTACAATGACGAACAGTACCAAGCTATT AGTTTAGTCAATTATAATGTTGAAAAATTCGGCACTGAACGTAGAGTGTTCACTGGTCAA GTCAAAGTAGGCGACCAGATCGTCGATATTGAAGGTACAGGTAATGGTCCAATCTCTTCT TTGGTCGACGCCCTATCAAACTTGTTGAACGTGAGATTTGCCGTAGCAAACTACACAGAG CATTCTCTAGGTTCTGGTTCTTCTACGCAAGCTGCTTCTTACATCCATCTATCGTATAGG CGTAATGCCGACAACGAAAAGGCCTACAAATGGGGTGTAGGTGTCTCCGAAGATGTCGGT GATTCTTCAGTGAGAGCCATCTTTGCCACCATTAACAATATTATCCATTCTGGTGATGTG TCCATTCCATCTTTGGCCGAGGTCGAAGGTAAGAATGCTGCGGCATCTGGCTCTGCATAA
Protein Properties
Pfam Domain Function
Protein Residues619
Protein Molecular Weight68408.29688
Protein Theoretical pI5.85
Signalling Regions
  • None
Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Protein Sequence>2-isopropylmalate synthase MVKESIIALAEHAASRASRVIPPVKLAYKNMLKDPSSKYKPFNAPKLSNRKWPDNRITRA PRWLSTDLRDGNQSLPDPMSVEQKKEYFHKLVNIGFKEIEVSFPSASQTDFDFTRYAVEN APDDVSIQCLVQSREHLIKRTVEALTGAKKATIHTYLATSDMFREIVFNMSREEAISKAV EATKLVRKLTKDDPSQQATRWSYEFSPECFSDTPGEFAVEICEAVKKAWEPTEENPIIFN LPATVEVASPNVYADQIEYFATHITEREKVCISTHCHNDRGCGVAATELGMLAGADRVEG CLFGNGERTGNVDLVTVAMNMYTQGVSPNLDFSDLTSVLDVVERCNKIPVSQRAPYGGDL VVCAFSGSHQDAIKKGFNLQNKKRAQGETQWRIPYLPLDPKDIGRDYEAVIRVNSQSGKG GAAWVILRSLGLDLPRNMQIEFSSAVQDHADSLGRELKSDEISKLFKEAYNYNDEQYQAI SLVNYNVEKFGTERRVFTGQVKVGDQIVDIEGTGNGPISSLVDALSNLLNVRFAVANYTE HSLGSGSSTQAASYIHLSYRRNADNEKAYKWGVGVSEDVGDSSVRAIFATINNIIHSGDV SIPSLAEVEGKNAAASGSA
References
External Links
ResourceLink
Saccharomyces Genome Database LEU4
Uniprot IDP06208
Uniprot NameLEU1_YEAST
GenBank Gene IDM12893
Genebank Protein ID171841
General Reference
  • Beltzer, J. P., Chang, L. F., Hinkkanen, A. E., Kohlhaw, G. B. (1986). "Structure of yeast LEU4. The 5' flanking region contains features that predict two modes of control and two productive translation starts." J Biol Chem 261:5160-5167.2420798
  • Saiz, J. E., Buitrago, M. J., Soler-Mira, A., Del Rey, F., Revuelta, J. L. (1996). "The sequence of a 21.3 kb DNA fragment from the left arm of yeast chromosome XIV reveals LEU4, MET4, POL1, RAS2, and six new open reading frames." Yeast 12:403-409.8701612
  • Philippsen, P., Kleine, K., Pohlmann, R., Dusterhoft, A., Hamberg, K., Hegemann, J. H., Obermaier, B., Urrestarazu, L. A., Aert, R., Albermann, K., Altmann, R., Andre, B., Baladron, V., Ballesta, J. P., Becam, A. M., Beinhauer, J., Boskovic, J., Buitrago, M. J., Bussereau, F., Coster, F., Crouzet, M., D'Angelo, M., Dal Pero, F., De Antoni, A., Del Rey, F., Doignon, F., Domdey, H., Dubois, E., Fiedler, T., Fleig, U., Floeth, M., Fritz, C., Gaillardin, C., Garcia-Cantalejo, J. M., Glansdorff, N. N., Goffeau, A., Gueldener, U., Herbert, C., Heumann, K., Heuss-Neitzel, D., Hilbert, H., Hinni, K., Iraqui Houssaini, I., Jacquet, M., Jimenez, A., Jonniaux, J. L., Karpfinger, L., Lanfranchi, G., Lepingle, A., Levesque, H., Lyck, R., Maftahi, M., Mallet, L., Maurer, K. C., Messenguy, F., Mewes, H. W., Mosti, D., Nasr, F., Nicaud, J. M., Niedenthal, R. K., Pandolfo, D., Pierard, A., Piravandi, E., Planta, R. J., Pohl, T. M., Purnelle, B., Rebischung, C., Remacha, M., Revuelta, J. L., Rinke, M., Saiz, J. E., Sartorello, F., Scherens, B., Sen-Gupta, M., Soler-Mira, A., Urbanus, J. H., Valle, G., Van Dyck, L., Verhasselt, P., Vierendeels, F., Vissers, S., Voet, M., Volckaert, G., Wach, A., Wambutt, R., Wedler, H., Zollner, A., Hani, J. (1997). "The nucleotide sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome XIV and its evolutionary implications." Nature 387:93-98.9169873
  • Mountain, H. A., Bystrom, A. S., Korch, C. (1993). "The general amino acid control regulates MET4, which encodes a methionine-pathway-specific transcriptional activator of Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Mol Microbiol 7:215-228.8446029
  • Beltzer, J. P., Morris, S. R., Kohlhaw, G. B. (1988). "Yeast LEU4 encodes mitochondrial and nonmitochondrial forms of alpha-isopropylmalate synthase." J Biol Chem 263:368-374.3275644
  • Ghaemmaghami, S., Huh, W. K., Bower, K., Howson, R. W., Belle, A., Dephoure, N., O'Shea, E. K., Weissman, J. S. (2003). "Global analysis of protein expression in yeast." Nature 425:737-741.14562106