{"ymdb_id":"YMDB01064","created_at":"2011-07-21T17:06:42.000Z","updated_at":"2016-09-08T18:36:13.000Z","name":"(S)-malate(2-)","cas":null,"state":null,"melting_point":null,"description":"Malic acid is the active ingredient in many sour or tart foods. Malic acid is found mostly in unripe fruits. Malic acid has two stereoisomeric forms (L- and D- enantiomers), though only the L- isomer exists naturally. The salts and esters of malic acid are known as malates. The malate anion is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle. Malic acid produces the green apple taste/aroma for wines.","experimental_water_solubility":null,"experimental_logp_hydrophobicity":null,"location":"extracellular;mitochondrion;peroxisome;cytoplasm","synthesis_reference":null,"chebi_id":"15589","hmdb_id":null,"kegg_id":null,"pubchem_id":null,"cs_id":null,"foodb_id":null,"wikipedia_link":null,"biocyc_id":"MAL","iupac":"(2S)-2-hydroxybutanedioate","traditional_iupac":"L-malate","logp":"-1.1136414279999998","pka":"5.127730317344291","alogps_solubility":"8.26e+02 g/l","alogps_logp":"-0.93","alogps_logs":"0.69","acceptor_count":"5","donor_count":"1","rotatable_bond_count":"3","polar_surface_area":"100.49000000000001","refractivity":"46.549400000000006","polarizability":"10.084644238214056","formal_charge":"-2","physiological_charge":"-2","pka_strongest_basic":"-3.913035238851454","pka_strongest_acidic":"3.1983571934669475","bioavailability":"1","number_of_rings":"0","rule_of_five":"1","ghose_filter":"0","veber_rule":"0","mddr_like_rule":"0","synonyms":["(S)-Malate","(S)-Malic acid","(S)-Malic acid(2-)","L-Malate","L-Malic acid"],"pathways":[{"name":"Citric Acid Cycle","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"Citric Acid Cycle 1434561204","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"Aspartate metabolism","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"TCA Cycle","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"Glyoxylate cycle","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"Pyruvate metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00620"}],"growth_conditions":[],"references":[{"pubmed_id":11846793,"citation":"Kunze, M., Kragler, F., Binder, M., Hartig, A., Gurvitz, A. (2002). \"Targeting of malate synthase 1 to the peroxisomes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells depends on growth on oleic acid medium.\" Eur J Biochem 269:915-922."},{"pubmed_id":10224250,"citation":"Przybyla-Zawislak, B., Gadde, D. M., Ducharme, K., McCammon, M. T. (1999). \"Genetic and biochemical interactions involving tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) function using a collection of mutants defective in all TCA cycle genes.\" Genetics 152:153-166."}],"proteins":[]}