Ethanol (YMDB00883)

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Identification

YMDB ID

YMDB00883

Name

Ethanol

Species

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Strain

Brewer's yeast

Description

Ethanol (EtOH), also called ethyl alcohol, pure alcohol, grain alcohol, or drinking alcohol, is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid. It is a versatile solvent, miscible with water and with many organic solvents, including acetic acid, acetone, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, diethyl ether, ethylene glycol, glycerol, nitromethane, pyridine, and toluene. In chemistry, ethanol is both an essential solvent and a feedstock for the synthesis of other products. It has a long history as a fuel for heat and light, and more recently as a fuel for internal combustion engines. Ethanol can be prepared either by industrial fermentation from yeast or by conversion by from ethylene. Ethanol is the primary alcohol found in alcoholic beverages. It is also used in scents, flavorings, colorings, and medicines.
Alcoholic beverages such as wine, beer, or distilled spirits all use yeast at some stage of their production. Alcoholic beverages vary considerably in ethanol content and in foodstuffs they are produced from. Most alcoholic beverages can be broadly classified as fermented beverages, beverages made by the action of yeast on sugary foodstuffs, or distilled beverages, beverages whose preparation involves concentrating the ethanol in fermented beverages by distillation. The ethanol content of a beverage is usually measured in terms of the volume fraction of ethanol in the beverage, expressed either as a percentage (~5% for beers, ~12% for wines) or in alcoholic proof units (40-80 proof for many spirits). Fermented beverages can be broadly classified by the grains, fruits or vegetables they are fermented from. Beers are made from cereal grains or other starchy materials, wines and ciders from fruit juices, and meads from honey. Distilled beverages are made by distilling fermented beverages. Broad categories of distilled beverages include whiskeys, distilled from fermented cereal grains; brandies, distilled from fermented fruit juices; and rum, distilled from fermented molasses or sugarcane juice. Vodka and similar neutral grain spirits can be distilled from any fermented material (grain or potatoes are most common); these spirits are so thoroughly distilled that no tastes from the particular starting material remain. Numerous other spirits and liqueurs are prepared by infusing flavors from fruits, herbs, and spices into distilled spirits. A traditional example is gin, which is created by infusing juniper berries into a neutral grain alcohol. Alcoholic beverages can also be made into culinary/household vinegar: Wine and cider vinegar are both named for their respective source alcohols, whereas malt vinegar is derived from beer.
Ethanol is also a psychoactive drug and one of the oldest known recreational drugs. Ethanol binds to acetylcholine, GABA, serotonin, and NMDA receptors with depressant effects on the central nervous system.

Structure

MOL SDF 3D-SDF PDB SMILES InChI View 3D Structure

Synonyms

1-Hydroxyethane
Aethanol
Aethylalkohol
Alcohol
Ethyl alc
Ethyl alcohol
Ethyl hydrate
Ethyl hydroxide
Hydroxyethane
[CH2Me(OH)]
[OEtH]
Alcohol etilico
Alcool ethylique
Alkohol
C2H5OH
Dehydrated ethanol
Etanol
EtOH
Methylcarbinol
Spiritus vini
Anhydrous ethanol
Absolute alcohol
Absolute ethanol
Absolute ethyl alcohol
Alcare hand degermer
Alcohols
Alcool etilico
Algrain
Alkoholu etylowego
Anhydrol
Anhydrous alcohol
Cologne spirit
Cologne spirits
Dehydrated alcohol
Denatured alcohol
Denatured ethanol
Desinfektol el
Diluted alcohol
Distilled spirits
Ethanol 200 proof
Ethanol solution
Ethicap
Ethyl alcohol anhydrous
Ethyl alcohol in alcoholic beverages
Ethyl alcohol usp
Fermentation alcohol
Grain alcohol
Hinetoless
Infinity pure
Jaysol
Jaysol S
Lux
Molasses alcohol
Potato alcohol
Punctilious ethyl alcohol
Pyro
Silent spirit
Spirit
Spirits OF wine
Spirt
Synasol
Tecsol
Tecsol C
Thanol
Undenatured ethanol
Alcohol, absolute
Alcohol, ethyl
Alcohol, grain

CAS number

64-17-5

Weight

Average: 46.0684
Monoisotopic: 46.041864814

InChI Key

LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI

InChI=1S/C2H6O/c1-2-3/h3H,2H2,1H3

IUPAC Name

ethanol

Traditional IUPAC Name

ethyl alcohol

Chemical Formula

C₂H₆O

SMILES

[H]OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H]

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

belongs to the class of organic compounds known as primary alcohols. Primary alcohols are compounds comprising the primary alcohol functional group, with the general structure RCOH (R=alkyl, aryl).

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic oxygen compounds

Class

Organooxygen compounds

Sub Class

Alcohols and polyols

Direct Parent

Primary alcohols

Alternative Parents

Hydrocarbon derivatives

Substituents

Hydrocarbon derivative
Primary alcohol
Aliphatic acyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic acyclic compounds

External Descriptors

primary alcohol (CHEBI:16236 )
alkyl alcohol (CHEBI:16236 )
ethanols (CHEBI:16236 )
a primary alcohol (ETOH )
a short-chain alcohol (ETOH )

Physical Properties

State

Liquid

Charge

Melting point

-114.1 °C

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Reference
Water Solubility	1000 mg/mL at 25 oC [RIDDICK,JA et al. (1986)]	PhysProp
LogP	-0.31 [HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)]	PhysProp

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	579 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	-0.4	ALOGPS
logP	-0.16	ChemAxon
logS	1.1	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	16.47	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-2.2	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	1	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	1	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	20.23 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	0	ChemAxon
Refractivity	13.01 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	5.3 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	1	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	Yes	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	Yes	ChemAxon

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

extracellular
mitochondrion
cytoplasm

Organoleptic Properties

Flavour/Odour	Source
Alcoholic	FDB000753
Ethereal	FDB000753
Medical	FDB000753
Strong	FDB000753
Sweet	FDB000753

SMPDB Pathways

Ethanol fermentation	PW002448
Pyruvate metabolism	PW002447

KEGG Pathways

Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis	ec00010
Pyruvate metabolism	ec00620

SMPDB Reactions

Acetaldehyde + hydron + NADH ↔ Ethanol + NAD

Glycerophosphocholine + water → Ethanol + Choline

KEGG Reactions

Ethanol + Acetyl-CoA → Ethyl acetate + Coenzyme A

Ethanol + NAD ↔ NADH + Acetaldehyde + hydron

NADH + Acetaldehyde + hydron → Ethanol + NAD

water + Ethyl acetate → Ethanol + Acetic acid + hydron

Concentrations

Intracellular Concentrations

Intracellular Concentration	Substrate	Growth Conditions	Strain	Citation
325823 ± 68594 µM	YEPD media 200g/L glucose	anaerobic;30C;12h	Brewer's yeast	PMID: 3513699
583052 ± 120040 µM	YEPD media 200g/L glucose	anaerobic;30C;24h	Brewer's yeast	PMID: 3513699
1406185 ± 291526 µM	YEPD media 200g/L glucose	anaerobic;30C;48h	Brewer's yeast	PMID: 3513699
1825 ± 91 µM	YEB media with 0.5 mM glucose	aerobic	Brewer's yeast	Experimentally Determined Not Available
Conversion Details Here

Extracellular Concentrations

Intracellular Concentration	Substrate	Growth Conditions	Strain	Citation
868282 ± 8000 µM	hops, malted barley	anaerobic	Brewer's yeast	PMID: 16448171
291526 ± 17149 µM	YEPD media 200g/L glucose	anaerobic;30C;12h	Brewer's yeast	PMID: 3513699
943173 ± 17149 µM	YEPD media 200g/L glucose	anaerobic;30C;24h	Brewer's yeast	PMID: 3513699
1920643 ± 171486 µM	YEPD media 200g/L glucose	anaerobic;30C;48h	Brewer's yeast	PMID: 3513699
846575 ± 6946 µM	hops, malted barley	anaerobic	Brewer's yeast	Alcoholic beverage, beer, regular, all - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. 2010. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 23. Nutrient Data Laboratory Home Page
2300946 ± 4341 µM	grape juice	anaerobic	Brewer's yeast	Alcoholic beverage, wine, table, red - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. 2010. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 23. Nutrient Data Laboratory Home Page
1500 ± 1000 µM	Synthetic medium with 1% glucose and 0.1% yeast extract	aerobic	Brewer's yeast	PMID: 16623706
543 ± 0 uM	Glucose 1.0 g/l as carbon source	Aerobic, 25 oC	Brewer's yeast	PMID: 5516454
2952 ± 0 uM	Glucose 2.0 g/l as carbon source	Aerobic, 25 oC	Brewer's yeast	PMID: 5516454
12807 ± 0 uM	Glucose 5.0 g/l as carbon source	Aerobic, 25 oC	Brewer's yeast	PMID: 5516454
31258 ± 0 uM	Glucose 10.0 g/l as carbon source	Aerobic, 25 oC	Brewer's yeast	PMID: 5516454
39072 ± 0 uM	Glucose 50.0 g/l as carbon source	Aerobic, 25 oC	Brewer's yeast	PMID: 5516454
195 ± 0 uM	Galatose 1.0 g/l as carbon source	Aerobic, 25 oC	Brewer's yeast	PMID: 5516454
304 ± 0 uM	Galactose 2.0 g/l as carbon source	Aerobic, 25 oC	Brewer's yeast	PMID: 5516454
3668 ± 0 uM	Galactose 5.0 g/l as carbon source	Aerobic, 25 oC	Brewer's yeast	PMID: 5516454
12677 ± 0 uM	Galactose 10.0 g/l as carbon source	Aerobic, 25 oC	Brewer's yeast	PMID: 5516454
23574 ± 0 uM	Galactose 50.0 g/l as carbon source	Aerobic, 25 oC	Brewer's yeast	PMID: 5516454
Conversion Details Here

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	View
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-001j-9000000000-a705823ce4aeba7f89e1	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-001j-9000000000-a705823ce4aeba7f89e1	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-002b-9000000000-7fa80a491183c1cdd23e	JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-0fmi-9200000000-587cc3c48ab7fbf9cd3a	JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - EI-B (HITACHI RMU-7M) , Positive	splash10-001j-9000000000-a705823ce4aeba7f89e1	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-0002-9000000000-d75d9996bc68c673f090	JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-0002-9000000000-893c2599624722912f25	JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-004i-9000000000-8af4124822065023744f	JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-0002-9000000000-22231ed69c5f28bfed79	JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-0002-9000000000-d2881505c47bbef13f18	JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-0002-9000000000-2ed988bb761ac20ba44a	JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-0002-9000000000-5c5e98353b75870c1c55	JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-0002-9000000000-326f4f38d260a85ea469	JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-002b-9000000000-f850ab2a079485c4a276	JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-0002-9000000000-b6602db69e5662ad67a9	JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-0002-9000000000-b6602db69e5662ad67a9	JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-0002-9000000000-4d0d1c69f8440a7fda18	JSpectraViewer
MS	Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)	splash10-003s-9000000000-dabf5a61c5a7da9fbe13	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
2D NMR	[1H,1H] 2D NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
2D NMR	[1H,13C] 2D NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer

References

References:

Scheer, M., Grote, A., Chang, A., Schomburg, I., Munaretto, C., Rother, M., Sohngen, C., Stelzer, M., Thiele, J., Schomburg, D. (2011). "BRENDA, the enzyme information system in 2011." Nucleic Acids Res 39:D670-D676.21062828
Herrgard, M. J., Swainston, N., Dobson, P., Dunn, W. B., Arga, K. Y., Arvas, M., Bluthgen, N., Borger, S., Costenoble, R., Heinemann, M., Hucka, M., Le Novere, N., Li, P., Liebermeister, W., Mo, M. L., Oliveira, A. P., Petranovic, D., Pettifer, S., Simeonidis, E., Smallbone, K., Spasic, I., Weichart, D., Brent, R., Broomhead, D. S., Westerhoff, H. V., Kirdar, B., Penttila, M., Klipp, E., Palsson, B. O., Sauer, U., Oliver, S. G., Mendes, P., Nielsen, J., Kell, D. B. (2008). "A consensus yeast metabolic network reconstruction obtained from a community approach to systems biology." Nat Biotechnol 26:1155-1160.18846089
Schwartz, J. M., Kanehisa, M. (2006). "Quantitative elementary mode analysis of metabolic pathways: the example of yeast glycolysis." BMC Bioinformatics 7:186.16584566
Goncalves, P., Planta, R. J. (1998). "Starting up yeast glycolysis." Trends Microbiol 6:314-319.9746941
Almeida, C., Duarte, I. F., Barros, A., Rodrigues, J., Spraul, M., Gil, A. M. (2006). "Composition of beer by 1H NMR spectroscopy: effects of brewing site and date of production." J Agric Food Chem 54:700-706.16448171
Dombek, K. M., Ingram, L. O. (1986). "Determination of the intracellular concentration of ethanol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae during fermentation." Appl Environ Microbiol 51:197-200.3513699
Alcoholic beverage, beer, regular, all - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. 2010. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 23. Nutrient Data Laboratory Home Page
Alcoholic beverage, wine, table, red - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. 2010. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 23. Nutrient Data Laboratory Home Page
Leskovac, V., Trivic, S., Pericin, D. (2002). "The three zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenases from baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae." FEMS Yeast Res 2:481-494.12702265
Fukuda, K., Kiyokawa, Y., Yanagiuchi, T., Wakai, Y., Kitamoto, K., Inoue, Y., Kimura, A. (2000). "Purification and characterization of isoamyl acetate-hydrolyzing esterase encoded by the IAH1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae from a recombinant Escherichia coli." Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 53:596-600.10855721
Verstrepen, K. J., Van Laere, S. D., Vanderhaegen, B. M., Derdelinckx, G., Dufour, J. P., Pretorius, I. S., Winderickx, J., Thevelein, J. M., Delvaux, F. R. (2003). "Expression levels of the yeast alcohol acetyltransferase genes ATF1, Lg-ATF1, and ATF2 control the formation of a broad range of volatile esters." Appl Environ Microbiol 69:5228-5237.12957907
Dickinson, J. R., Salgado, L. E., Hewlins, M. J. (2003). "The catabolism of amino acids to long chain and complex alcohols in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." J Biol Chem 278:8028-8034.12499363
Xu, Z., Tsurugi, K. (2006). "A potential mechanism of energy-metabolism oscillation in an aerobic chemostat culture of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae." FEBS J 273:1696-1709.16623706

Synthesis Reference:

Hennell, H. (1828). On the mutual action of sulfuric acid and alcohol, and on the nature of the process by which ether is formed. Philosophical Transactions 118: 365.

External Links:

Resource	Link
CHEBI ID	16236
HMDB ID	HMDB00108
Pubchem Compound ID	702
Kegg ID	C00469
ChemSpider ID	682
FOODB ID	FDB000753
Wikipedia	Ethanol
BioCyc ID	ETOH

Enzymes

Protein Details

1. Alcohol dehydrogenase 3, mitochondrial

General function:: Involved in zinc ion binding
Specific function:: An alcohol + NAD(+) = an aldehyde or ketone + NADH
Gene Name:: ADH3
Uniprot ID:: P07246
Molecular weight:: 40369.19922

Reactions

An alcohol + NAD(+) → an aldehyde or ketone + NADH.

Protein Details

2. S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase

General function:: Involved in zinc ion binding
Specific function:: Oxidizes long-chain alcohols and, in the presence of glutathione, is able to oxidize formaldehyde. Is responsible for yeast resistance to formaldehyde
Gene Name:: SFA1
Uniprot ID:: P32771
Molecular weight:: 41041.69922

Reactions

S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione + NAD(P)(+) → S-formylglutathione + NAD(P)H.
An alcohol + NAD(+) → an aldehyde or ketone + NADH.

Protein Details

3. Alcohol dehydrogenase 1

General function:: Involved in zinc ion binding
Specific function:: This isozyme preferentially catalyzes the conversion of primary unbranched alcohols to their corresponding aldehydes. Also also shows activity toward secondary alcohols
Gene Name:: ADH1
Uniprot ID:: P00330
Molecular weight:: 36849.0

Reactions

An alcohol + NAD(+) → an aldehyde or ketone + NADH.

Protein Details

4. Alcohol dehydrogenase 4

General function:: Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:: Reduces acetaldehyde to ethanol during glucose fermentation. Specific for ethanol. Shows drastically reduced activity towards primary alcohols from 4 carbon atoms upward. Isomers of aliphatic alcohol, as well as secondary alcohols and glycerol are not used at all
Gene Name:: ADH4
Uniprot ID:: P10127
Molecular weight:: 41141.69922

Reactions

An alcohol + NAD(+) → an aldehyde or ketone + NADH.

Protein Details

5. Alcohol dehydrogenase 5

General function:: Involved in zinc ion binding
Specific function:: An alcohol + NAD(+) = an aldehyde or ketone + NADH
Gene Name:: ADH5
Uniprot ID:: P38113
Molecular weight:: 37647.89844

Reactions

An alcohol + NAD(+) → an aldehyde or ketone + NADH.

Protein Details

6. Alcohol dehydrogenase 2

General function:: Involved in zinc ion binding
Specific function:: This isozyme preferentially catalyzes the conversion of ethanol to acetaldehyde. Acts on a variety of primary unbranched aliphatic alcohols
Gene Name:: ADH2
Uniprot ID:: P00331
Molecular weight:: 36731.60156

Reactions

An alcohol + NAD(+) → an aldehyde or ketone + NADH.

Protein Details

7. Alcohol O-acetyltransferase 1

General function:: Involved in alcohol O-acetyltransferase activity
Specific function:: Catalyzes the esterification of isoamyl alcohol and various other alcohols by acetyl-CoA
Gene Name:: ATF1
Uniprot ID:: P40353
Molecular weight:: 61035.5

Reactions

Acetyl-CoA + an alcohol → CoA + an acetyl ester.

Protein Details

8. Alcohol O-acetyltransferase 2

General function:: Involved in alcohol O-acetyltransferase activity
Specific function:: Acetyl-CoA + an alcohol = CoA + an acetyl ester
Gene Name:: ATF2
Uniprot ID:: P53296
Molecular weight:: 61897.5

Reactions

Acetyl-CoA + an alcohol → CoA + an acetyl ester.

Protein Details

9. Glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase GDE1

General function:: Involved in protein binding
Specific function:: Glycerophosphocholine glycerophosphodiesterase responsible for the hydrolysis of intracellular glycerophosphocholine into glycerol-phosphate and choline. The choline is used for phosphatidyl-choline synthesis. Required for utilization of glycerophosphocholine as phosphate source
Gene Name:: GDE1
Uniprot ID:: Q02979
Molecular weight:: 138013.0

Reactions

A glycerophosphodiester + H(2)O → an alcohol + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate.

Protein Details

10. NADPH-dependent methylglyoxal reductase GRE2

General function:: Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:: Catalyzes the irreversible reduction of the cytotoxic compound methylglyoxal (MG) to (R)-lactaldehyde as an alternative to detoxification of MG by glyoxalase I GLO1. MG is synthesized via a bypath of glycolysis from dihydroxyacetone phosphate and is believed to play a role in cell cycle regulation and stress adaptation
Gene Name:: GRE2
Uniprot ID:: Q12068
Molecular weight:: 38169.19922

Reactions

Lactaldehyde + NADP(+) → methylglyoxal + NADPH.
3-methylbutanol + NAD(P)+ → 3-methylbutanal + NAD(P)H + H+

Protein Details

11. NADP-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase 7

General function:: Involved in zinc ion binding
Specific function:: NADP-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase with a broad substrate specificity
Gene Name:: ADH7
Uniprot ID:: P25377
Molecular weight:: 39348.19922

Reactions

An alcohol + NADP(+) → an aldehyde + NADPH.

Protein Details

12. NADP-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase 6

General function:: Involved in zinc ion binding
Specific function:: NADP-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase with a broad substrate specificity
Gene Name:: ADH6
Uniprot ID:: Q04894
Molecular weight:: 39617.30078

Reactions

An alcohol + NADP(+) → an aldehyde + NADPH.

Protein Details

13. Isoamyl acetate-hydrolyzing esterase

General function:: Involved in hydrolase activity
Specific function:: Plays a crucial role in the hydrolysis of isoamyl acetate in sake mash
Gene Name:: IAH1
Uniprot ID:: P41734
Molecular weight:: 27346.0

Reactions

Structure for #<Compound:0xaf9d79ac>

Enzymes

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