{"ymdb_id":"YMDB00789","created_at":"2011-05-29T18:53:11.000Z","updated_at":"2016-09-08T18:35:54.000Z","name":"Galactose","cas":"2956-16-3","state":"Solid","melting_point":"167 oC","description":"Galactose is a six-carbon sugar (aldohexose), C-4 epimer of glucose. Only the D-isomers are known to occur naturally. D-Galactose is a component of cerebrosides, gangliosides, and mucoproteins. Galactan is a polymer of the sugar galactose found in hemicellulose.","experimental_water_solubility":null,"experimental_logp_hydrophobicity":null,"location":null,"synthesis_reference":null,"chebi_id":"28260","hmdb_id":"HMDB00302","kegg_id":"C00052","pubchem_id":"6036","cs_id":"24541305","foodb_id":null,"wikipedia_link":"Galactose","biocyc_id":"UDP-GLACTOSE","iupac":"(2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal","traditional_iupac":"aldehydo-D-galactose","logp":"-3.5683605629999993","pka":"13.074417074125122","alogps_solubility":"2.61e+02 g/l","alogps_logp":"-2.41","alogps_logs":"0.16","acceptor_count":"6","donor_count":"5","rotatable_bond_count":"5","polar_surface_area":"118.22000000000001","refractivity":"37.3456","polarizability":"16.129005311291724","formal_charge":"0","physiological_charge":"0","pka_strongest_basic":"-2.974219876255926","pka_strongest_acidic":"12.256455078919489","bioavailability":"1","number_of_rings":"0","rule_of_five":"1","ghose_filter":"0","veber_rule":"0","mddr_like_rule":"0","synonyms":["Gal","Galactose","GALACTOSE-URIDINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE","Galaktose","GDU","Udp galactose","UDP-a-D-Galactose","Udp-alpha-d-galactose","UDP-alpha-delta-Galactose","udp-d-galactopyranose","udp-d-galactose","Udp-delta-galactopyranose","UDP-delta-galactose","UDP-Gal","UDP-galactopyranose","UDP-galactose","Udpgal","UDPgalactose","UPG","Uridine 5'-(alpha-D-galactopyranosyl pyrophosphate)","Uridine 5'-(alpha-delta-galactopyranosyl pyrophosphate)","uridine 5'-[3-(D-galactopyranosyl) dihydrogen diphosphate]","Uridine 5'-diphosphate galactose","Uridine 5'-diphosphogalactose","Uridine 5'-pyrophosphate a-D-galactopyranosyl ester","Uridine 5'-pyrophosphate a-D-galactosyl ester","Uridine 5'-pyrophosphate a-delta-galactopyranosyl ester","Uridine 5'-pyrophosphate a-delta-galactosyl ester","Uridine 5'-pyrophosphate alpha-D-galactosyl ester","Uridine 5'-pyrophosphate alpha-delta-galactosyl ester","Uridine 5'-pyrophosphate D-galactosyl ester","Uridine diphosphate galactose","Uridine diphosphate-D-galactose","Uridine diphosphate-delta-galactose","Uridine diphosphate-galactose","Uridine diphosphogalactose","Uridine pyrophosphate a-D-galactopyranosyl ester","Uridine pyrophosphate a-delta-galactopyranosyl ester","Uridine pyrophosphate alpha-d-galactopyranosyl ester","Uridine pyrophosphate alpha-delta-galactopyranosyl ester","Uridine pyrophosphogalactose","Uridinediphosphate galactose","Uridinediphosphogalactose"],"pathways":[{"name":"Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00520"},{"name":"Galactose metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00052"}],"growth_conditions":[],"references":[{"pubmed_id":21062828,"citation":"Scheer, M., Grote, A., Chang, A., Schomburg, I., Munaretto, C., Rother, M., Sohngen, C., Stelzer, M., Thiele, J., Schomburg, D. (2011). \"BRENDA, the enzyme information system in 2011.\" Nucleic Acids Res 39:D670-D676."},{"pubmed_id":21715660,"citation":"Hong, K. K., Vongsangnak, W., Vemuri, G. N., Nielsen, J. (2011). \"Unravelling evolutionary strategies of yeast for improving galactose utilization through integrated systems level analysis.\" Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108:12179-12184."},{"pubmed_id":18952899,"citation":"Wightman, R., Bell, R., Reece, R. J. (2008). \"Localization and interaction of the proteins constituting the GAL genetic switch in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.\" Eukaryot Cell 7:2061-2068."}],"proteins":[{"created_at":"2011-05-24T19:45:53.000Z","updated_at":"2011-05-27T14:55:58.000Z","name":"Galactokinase","uniprot_id":"P04385","uniprot_name":"GAL1_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"GAL1","num_residues":528,"molecular_weight":"57943.80078","theoretical_pi":"6.72","general_function":"Involved in galactokinase activity","specific_function":"ATP + D-galactose = ADP + alpha-D-galactose 1- phosphate","reactions":[{"id":1558,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2270,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":"ATP + D-galactose = ADP + alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":3835,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006359","source":"Smpdb"}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":null,"genbank_gene_id":"K01609","genbank_protein_id":"171567","gene_card_id":"GAL1","chromosome_location":"chromosome 2","locus":"YBR020W","synonyms":["Galactose kinase"],"enzyme_classes":["2.7.1.6"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" cell part"},{"category":"Component","description":" intracellular part"},{"category":"Component","description":" cytoplasm"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups"},{"category":"Function","description":" binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" nucleoside binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" purine nucleoside binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" adenyl nucleotide binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" adenyl ribonucleotide binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" ATP binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" kinase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" phosphotransferase activity, alcohol group as acceptor"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" galactokinase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" phosphorylation"},{"category":"Process","description":" carbohydrate phosphorylation"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" small molecule metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" alcohol metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" monosaccharide metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" hexose metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" galactose metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" phosphorus metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" phosphate metabolic process"}],"pfams":[{"name":"GalKase_gal_bdg","identifier":"PF10509"},{"name":"GHMP_kinases_C","identifier":"PF08544"},{"name":"GHMP_kinases_N","identifier":"PF00288"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Galactose metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00052"},{"name":"Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00520"}],"gene_sequence":"ATGACTAAATCTCATTCAGAAGAAGTGATTGTACCTGAGTTCAATTCTAGCGCAAAGGAATTACCAAGACCATTGGCCGAAAAGTGCCCGAGCATAATTAAGAAATTTATAAGCGCTTATGATGCTAAACCGGATTTTGTTGCTAGATCGCCTGGTAGAGTCAATCTAATTGGTGAACATATTGATTATTGTGACTTCTCGGTTTTACCTTTAGCTATTGATTTTGATATGCTTTGCGCCGTCAAAGTTTTGAACGAGAAAAATCCATCCATTACCTTAATAAATGCTGATCCCAAATTTGCTCAAAGGAAGTTCGATTTGCCGTTGGACGGTTCTTATGTCACAATTGATCCTTCTGTGTCGGACTGGTCTAATTACTTTAAATGTGGTCTCCATGTTGCTCACTCTTTTCTAAAGAAACTTGCACCGGAAAGGTTTGCCAGTGCTCCTCTGGCCGGGCTGCAAGTCTTCTGTGAGGGTGATATACCAACTGGCAGTGGATTGTCTTCTTCGGCCGCATTCATTTGTGCCGTTGCTTTAGCTGTTGTTAAAGCGAATATGGGCCCTGGTTATCATATGTCCAAGCAAAATTTAATGCGTATCACGGTCGTTGCAGACATTATGTTGGTGTTAACAATGGCGGTATGGATCAGGCTGCCTCTGTTTGCGGTGAGGAAGATCATGCTCTATACGTTGAGTTCAAACGCAGTTGAGGCTACCCCGTTTAAATTTCCGCAATTAAAAAACCATGAAATTAGCTTTGTTATTGCGAACACCCTTGTTGTATCTAACAAGTTTGAAACCGCCCCAACCAACTATAATTTAAGAGTGGTAGAAGTCACTACAGCTGCAAATGTTTTAGCTGCCACGTACGGTGTTGTTTTACCTTCTGGAAAAGAAGGATCGAGCACGAATAAAGGTAATCTAAGAGATTTCATGAACGTTTATTATGCCAGATATCACAACATTTCCACACCCTGGAACGGCGATATTGAATCCGGCATCGAACGGTTAACAAAGATGCTAGTATTAGTTGAAGAGTCTCTCGCCAATAAGAAACAGGGCTTTAGTGTTGACGATGTCGCACAATCCTTGAATTGTTCTCGCGAAGAATTCACAAGAGACTACTTAACAACATCTCCAGTGAGATTTCAAGTCTTAAAGCTATATCAGAGGGCTAAGCATGTGTATTCTGAATCTTTAAGAGTCTTGAAGGCTGTGAAATTAATGACTACCGCGAGCTTTACTGCCGACGAAGACTTTTTCAAGCAATTTGGTGTCTTGATGAACGAGTCTCAAGCTTCTTGCGATAAACTTTACGAATGTTCTTGTCCAGAGATTGACAAAATTTGTTCCATTGCTTTGTCAAATGGATCATATGGTTCCCGTTTGACTGGAGCTGGCTGGGGTGGTTGTACTGTTCACTTGGTTCCAGGGGGCCCAAATAACGGCAACATAGAAAAGGTAAAAGAAGCCCTTGCCAATGAGTTCTACAAGGTCAAGTACCCTAAGATCACTGATGCTGAGCTAGAAAATGCTATCATCGTCTCTAAACCAGCATTGGGCAGCTGTCTATATGAATTATAA","protein_sequence":"MTKSHSEEVIVPEFNSSAKELPRPLAEKCPSIIKKFISAYDAKPDFVARSPGRVNLIGEHIDYCDFSVLPLAIDFDMLCAVKVLNEKNPSITLINADPKFAQRKFDLPLDGSYVTIDPSVSDWSNYFKCGLHVAHSFLKKLAPERFASAPLAGLQVFCEGDVPTGSGLSSSAAFICAVALAVVKANMGPGYHMSKQNLMRITVVAEHYVGVNNGGMDQAASVCGEEDHALYVEFKPQLKATPFKFPQLKNHEISFVIANTLVVSNKFETAPTNYNLRVVEVTTAANVLAATYGVVLLSGKEGSSTNKGNLRDFMNVYYARYHNISTPWNGDIESGIERLTKMLVLVEESLANKKQGFSVDDVAQSLNCSREEFTRDYLTTSPVRFQVLKLYQRAKHVYSESLRVLKAVKLMTTASFTADEDFFKQFGALMNESQASCDKLYECSCPEIDKICSIALSNGSYGSRLTGAGWGGCTVHLVPGGPNGNIEKVKEALANEFYKVKYPKITDAELENAIIVSKPALGSCLYEL"}]}