{"ymdb_id":"YMDB00722","created_at":"2011-05-29T18:46:39.000Z","updated_at":"2016-09-08T18:35:49.000Z","name":"4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutaric acid","cas":"1187-99-1","state":"Solid","melting_point":null,"description":"4-Hydroxy-2-ketoglutaric acid is an intermediate in proline metabolism.","experimental_water_solubility":null,"experimental_logp_hydrophobicity":null,"location":"mitochondrion;peroxisome;cytoplasm","synthesis_reference":null,"chebi_id":"30923","hmdb_id":"HMDB02070","kegg_id":"C01127","pubchem_id":"599","cs_id":"579","foodb_id":null,"wikipedia_link":null,"biocyc_id":"D-4-HYDROXY-2-KETO-GLUTARATE","iupac":"2-hydroxy-4-oxopentanedioic acid","traditional_iupac":"4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutaric acid","logp":"-0.8244217603333331","pka":"3.33119390093207","alogps_solubility":"6.98e+01 g/l","alogps_logp":"-1.11","alogps_logs":"-0.37","acceptor_count":"6","donor_count":"3","rotatable_bond_count":"4","polar_surface_area":"111.89999999999998","refractivity":"30.221199999999996","polarizability":"12.76221872205969","formal_charge":"0","physiological_charge":"-2","pka_strongest_basic":"-3.8864249286801433","pka_strongest_acidic":"2.449105918946765","bioavailability":"1","number_of_rings":"0","rule_of_five":"1","ghose_filter":"0","veber_rule":"0","mddr_like_rule":"0","synonyms":["(+/-)-2-hydroxy-4-oxopentanedioate","(+/-)-2-hydroxy-4-oxopentanedioic acid","2-hydroxy-4-oxoglutarate","2-hydroxy-4-oxopentanedioate","2-hydroxy-4-oxopentanedioic acid","2-keto-4-hydroxyglutarate","2-Oxo-4-hydroxyglutarate","4-hydroxy-2-ketoglutarate","4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate","4-Hydroxy-2-oxoglutaric acid","D-4-hydroxy-2-keto-glutarate","D-4-hydroxy-2-ketoglutarate","d-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate"],"pathways":[{"name":"Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00630"}],"growth_conditions":[],"references":[{"pubmed_id":18846089,"citation":"Herrgard, M. J., Swainston, N., Dobson, P., Dunn, W. B., Arga, K. Y., Arvas, M., Bluthgen, N., Borger, S., Costenoble, R., Heinemann, M., Hucka, M., Le Novere, N., Li, P., Liebermeister, W., Mo, M. L., Oliveira, A. P., Petranovic, D., Pettifer, S., Simeonidis, E., Smallbone, K., Spasic, I., Weichart, D., Brent, R., Broomhead, D. S., Westerhoff, H. V., Kirdar, B., Penttila, M., Klipp, E., Palsson, B. O., Sauer, U., Oliver, S. G., Mendes, P., Nielsen, J., Kell, D. B. (2008). \"A consensus yeast metabolic network reconstruction obtained from a community approach to systems biology.\" Nat Biotechnol 26:1155-1160."}],"proteins":[{"created_at":"2011-05-27T02:45:42.000Z","updated_at":"2011-07-22T17:54:13.000Z","name":"Aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial","uniprot_id":"Q01802","uniprot_name":"AATM_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"AAT1","num_residues":451,"molecular_weight":"51795.10156","theoretical_pi":"9.22","general_function":"Involved in transferase activity, transferring nitrogenous groups","specific_function":"Plays a key role in amino acid metabolism. Important for metabolite exchange between mitochondria and cytosol","reactions":[{"id":1335,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;peroxisome;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1696,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;peroxisome;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2027,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;peroxisome;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2692,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Mitochondrion matrix;Cytoplasm. Peroxisome.","altext":"L-aspartate + 2-oxoglutarate = oxaloacetate + L-glutamate.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":3713,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006186","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":3714,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006257","source":"Smpdb"}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":"Mitochondrion matrix","genbank_gene_id":"X68052","genbank_protein_id":"3318","gene_card_id":"AAT1","chromosome_location":"chromosome 11","locus":"YKL106W","synonyms":["Transaminase A"],"enzyme_classes":["2.6.1.1"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity, transferring nitrogenous groups"},{"category":"Function","description":" transaminase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" cofactor binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" pyridoxal phosphate binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" biosynthetic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular amino acid and derivative metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular amino acid metabolic process"}],"pfams":[{"name":"Aminotran_1_2","identifier":"PF00155"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00250"},{"name":"Cysteine and methionine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00270"},{"name":"Arginine and proline metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00330"},{"name":"Tyrosine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00350"},{"name":"Phenylalanine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00360"},{"name":"Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis","kegg_map_id":"00400"},{"name":"Asparagine metabolism","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"Aspartate metabolism","kegg_map_id":null}],"gene_sequence":"ATGTTGAGGACGAGGCTTACTAATTGCAGTCTATGGAGGCCCTACTACACGTCATCGCTTAGTAGAGTACCAAGAGCACCTCCAGATAAAGTCTTGGGGTTATCTGAACACTTCAAAAAGGCAAAAAATGTTAACAAAATTGACCTGACCGTAGGAATATATAAAGATGGTTGGGGCAAAGTGACGACGTTTCCCTCCGTTGCAAAAGCTCAAAAATTGATTGAATCTCATTTAGAGTTGAATAAGAATCTTTCATATTTACCAATAACAGGTTCCAAAGAATTTCAGGAAAACGTTATGAAATTTTTGTTCAAGGAATCATGTCCGCAGTTTGGGCCATTTTATTTAGCCCATGATAGAATCAGCTTTGTTCAGACTTTGAGTGGTACAGGCGCCCTAGCTGTAGCAGCTAAATTCTTGGCATTATTTATTTCAAGAGATATTTGGATACCTGACCCATCATGGGCAAATCATAAGAACATTTTTCAGAACAATGGTTTTGAAAATATTTACCGGTATTCCTATTATAAGGACGGTCAGATAGACATCGACGGATGGATTGAGCAATTGAAAACCTTTGCATATAACAACCAGCAAGAAAACAATAAGAACCCACCTTGCATAATCTTGCATGCGTGTTGTCACAACCCTACAGGTCTCGACCCAACTAAAGAGCAATGGGAAAAGATTATAGATACTATATATGAGCTAAAAATGGTACCCATTGTTGATATGGCTTATCAGGGTTTAGAGTCTGGTAACTTACTAAAGGACGCATATTTATTGAGGCTATGTCTCAATGTAAATAAATATCCAAATTGGAGTAACGGTATCTTTCTTTGTCAATCTTTTGCCAAGAACATGGGCCTTTATGGTGAACGAGTTGGTTCCTTAAGCGTTATCACGCCGGCAACTGCGAACAATGGAAAGTTCAACCCTCTACAACAGAAAAACTCATTGCAGCAAAATATTGACTCCCAATTAAAAAAGATTGTCAGAGGTATGTATTCTTCTCCACCAGGATACGGTTCTCGTGTGGTAAATGTAGTATTATCAGATTTCAAATTGAAACAGCAATGGTTCAAGGATGTTGATTTCATGGTTCAGAGATTGCATCACGTCAGACAGGAGATGTTTGACCGTCTAGGGTGGCCGGATCTTGTAAATTTCGCACAACAGCACGGTATGTTTTACTATACAAGGTTTAGTCCAAAGCAAGTCGAAATATTGAGAAACAATTCATTCGTCTATTTAACAGGTGATGGTAGATTGTCGCTTAGCGGAGTCAATGATTCGAACGTTGATTACTTATGTGAATCTCTTGAAGCAGTCTCGAAAATGGACAAACTCGCATAA","protein_sequence":"MLRTRLTNCSLWRPYYTSSLSRVPRAPPDKVLGLSEHFKKVKNVNKIDLTVGIYKDGWGKVTTFPSVAKAQKLIESHLELNKNLSYLPITGSKEFQENVMKFLFKESCPQFGPFYLAHDRISFVQTLSGTGALAVAAKFLALFISRDIWIPDPSWANHKNIFQNNGFENIYRYSYYKDGQIDIDGWIEQLKTFAYNNQQENNKNPPCIILHACCHNPTGLDPTKEQWEKIIDTIYELKMVPIVDMAYQGLESGNLLKDAYLLRLCLNVNKYPNWSNGIFLCQSFAKNMGLYGERVGSLSVITPATANNGKFNPLQQKNSLQQNIDSQLKKIVRGMYSSPPGYGSRVVNVVLSDFKLKQQWFKDVDFMVQRLHHVRQEMFDRLGWPDLVNFAQQHGMFYYTRFSPKQVEILRNNYFVYLTGDGRLSLSGVNDSNVDYLCESLEAVSKMDKLA"},{"created_at":"2011-05-27T02:47:07.000Z","updated_at":"2011-07-22T17:54:13.000Z","name":"Aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic","uniprot_id":"P23542","uniprot_name":"AATC_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"AAT2","num_residues":418,"molecular_weight":"46057.30078","theoretical_pi":"8.55","general_function":"Involved in transferase activity, transferring nitrogenous groups","specific_function":"Plays a key role in amino acid metabolism","reactions":[{"id":1335,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;peroxisome;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1696,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;peroxisome;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2027,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;peroxisome;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2692,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Mitochondrion matrix;Cytoplasm. Peroxisome.","altext":"L-aspartate + 2-oxoglutarate = oxaloacetate + L-glutamate.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":"1YAA","cellular_location":"Cytoplasm. Peroxisome.","genbank_gene_id":"Z73199","genbank_protein_id":"1360338","gene_card_id":"AAT2","chromosome_location":"chromosome 12","locus":"YLR027C","synonyms":["Transaminase A"],"enzyme_classes":["2.6.1.1"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity, transferring nitrogenous groups"},{"category":"Function","description":" transaminase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" cofactor binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" pyridoxal phosphate binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" biosynthetic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular amino acid and derivative metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular amino acid metabolic process"}],"pfams":[{"name":"Aminotran_1_2","identifier":"PF00155"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00250"},{"name":"Cysteine and methionine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00270"},{"name":"Arginine and proline metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00330"},{"name":"Tyrosine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00350"},{"name":"Phenylalanine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00360"},{"name":"Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis","kegg_map_id":"00400"}],"gene_sequence":"ATGAACAAAAGAACACAGGAATACAAGAACACAAGAGCGATAATGTCTGCCACTCTGTTCAATAACATCGAATTGCTGCCCCCTGATGCCCTTTTTGGTATTAAGCAAAGGTACGGGCAAGATCAACGTGCTACCAAGGTCGACTTGGGTATCGGGGCCTACAGAGACGACAACGGTAAACCATGGGTCTTGCCAAGTGTTAAAGCCGCCGAAAAGCTAATTCATAACGACAGCTCCTACAACCATGAATACCTCGGTATTACCGGTCTGCCAAGTTTGACATCTAACGCCGCCAAGATCATCTTCGGTACGCAATCCGATGCCTTTCAGGAAGACAGAGTAATCTCAGTACAATCACTGTCTGGTACGGGTGCTCTTCATATATCTGCGAAGTTTTTTTCAAAATTCTTCCCAGATAAACTGGTCTATTTGTCTAAGCCTACTTGGGCCAACCACATGGCCATTTTTGAGAATCAAGGCTTGAAAACGGCGACTTACCCTTACTGGGCCAACGAAACTAAGTCTTTGGACCTAAACGGCTTTCTAAATGCTATTCAAAAAGCTCCAGAGGGCTCCATTTTCGTTCTGCACTCTTGCGCCCATAACCCAACTGGTCTGGACCCTACTAGTGAACAATGGGTTCAAATCGTTGATGCTATCGCCTCAAAGAACCACATCGCCTTATTTGACACCGCCTACCAAGGGTTTGCCACTGGAGATTTGGACAAGGATGCCTATGCTGTGCGTCTAGGTGTGGAGAAGCTTTCAACGGTCTCTCCCGTCTTTGTCTGTCAGTCCTTTGCCAAGAACGCCGGTATGTACGGTGAGCGTGTAGGTTGTTTCCATCTAGCACTTACAAAACAAGCTCAAAACAAAACTATAAAGCCTGCTGTTACATCTCAATTGGCCAAAATCATTCGTAGTGAAGTGTCCAACCCACCCGCCTACGGCGCTAAGATTGTCGCTAAACTGTTGGAAACGCCAGAATTAACGGAACAGTGGCACAAGGATATGGTTACCATGTCCTCCAGAATTACGAAAATGAGGCACGCATTAAGAGACCATTTAGTCAAGTTGGGCACTCCTGGCAACTGGGATCATATAGTAAATCAATGCGGGATGTTCTCCTTTACAGGATTGACTCCTCAAATGGTTAAACGACTTGAAGAAACCCACGCAGTTTACTTGGTTGCCTCAGGTAGAGCTTCTATTGCTGGATTGAATCAAGGAAACGTGGAATACGTGGCTAAAGCCATTGATGAAGTGGTGCGCTTCTATACTATTGAAGCTAAATTGTAA","protein_sequence":"MSATLFNNIELLPPDALFGIKQRYGQDQRATKVDLGIGAYRDDNGKPWVLPSVKAAEKLIHNDSSYNHEYLGITGLPSLTSNAAKIIFGTQSDAFQEDRVISVQSLSGTGALHISAKFFSKFFPDKLVYLSKPTWANHMAIFENQGLKTATYPYWANETKSLDLNGFLNAIQKAPEGSIFVLHSCAHNPTGLDPTSEQWVQIVDAIASKNHIALFDTAYQGFATGDLDKDAYAVRLGVEKLSTVSPVFVCQSFAKNAGMYGERVGCFHLALTKQAQNKTIKPAVTSQLAKIIRSEVSNPPAYGAKIVAKLLETPELTEQWHKDMVTMSSRITKMRHALRDHLVKLGTPGNWDHIVNQCGMFSFTGLTPQMVKRLEETHAVYLVASGRASIAGLNQGNVEYVAKAIDEVVRFYTIEAKL"}]}