{"ymdb_id":"YMDB00684","created_at":"2011-05-29T18:43:11.000Z","updated_at":"2016-09-08T18:35:46.000Z","name":"lignoceric acid","cas":"557-59-5","state":"Solid","melting_point":"84.2 oC","description":"Lignoceric acid (tetracosanoic acid) is a saturated fatty acid. It is found in wood tar, various cerebrosides, and in small amounts in most natural fats. The fatty acids of peanut oil contain small amounts of lignoceric acid. This fatty acid is also a byproduct of lignin production.","experimental_water_solubility":null,"experimental_logp_hydrophobicity":null,"location":"Cell Envelope;Cytoplasm;Endoplasmic Reticulum;Extracellular;Lipid Particle;Mitochondrion;Peroxisome","synthesis_reference":null,"chebi_id":"28866","hmdb_id":"HMDB02003","kegg_id":"C08320","pubchem_id":"11197","cs_id":"10724","foodb_id":null,"wikipedia_link":"Lignoceric_acid","biocyc_id":"TETRACOSANOATE","iupac":"tetracosanoic acid","traditional_iupac":"lignoceric acid","logp":"9.813132097666667","pka":null,"alogps_solubility":"2.27e-05 g/l","alogps_logp":"9.56","alogps_logs":"-7.21","acceptor_count":"2","donor_count":"1","rotatable_bond_count":"22","polar_surface_area":"37.3","refractivity":"113.89159999999998","polarizability":"51.573403392089986","formal_charge":"0","physiological_charge":"-1","pka_strongest_basic":null,"pka_strongest_acidic":"4.952019655228562","bioavailability":"0","number_of_rings":"0","rule_of_five":"0","ghose_filter":"0","veber_rule":"0","mddr_like_rule":"0","synonyms":["Lignocerat","Lignocerate","Lignoceric acid","Lignozerinsaeure","n-Tetracosanoate","n-Tetracosanoic acid","tetracosanate","tetracosanic acid","Tetracosanoat","Tetracosanoate","tetracosanoic acid","Tetracosansaeure","tetracosoate","tetracosoic acid","tetraeicosanoate","tetraeicosanoic acid","tetraicosanoic acid"],"pathways":[{"name":"Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids","kegg_map_id":"01040"}],"growth_conditions":[],"references":[{"pubmed_id":18846089,"citation":"Herrgard, M. J., Swainston, N., Dobson, P., Dunn, W. B., Arga, K. Y., Arvas, M., Bluthgen, N., Borger, S., Costenoble, R., Heinemann, M., Hucka, M., Le Novere, N., Li, P., Liebermeister, W., Mo, M. L., Oliveira, A. P., Petranovic, D., Pettifer, S., Simeonidis, E., Smallbone, K., Spasic, I., Weichart, D., Brent, R., Broomhead, D. S., Westerhoff, H. V., Kirdar, B., Penttila, M., Klipp, E., Palsson, B. O., Sauer, U., Oliver, S. G., Mendes, P., Nielsen, J., Kell, D. B. (2008). \"A consensus yeast metabolic network reconstruction obtained from a community approach to systems biology.\" Nat Biotechnol 26:1155-1160."},{"pubmed_id":17936191,"citation":"Matias, A. C., Pedroso, N., Teodoro, N., Marinho, H. S., Antunes, F., Nogueira, J. M., Herrero, E., Cyrne, L. (2007). \"Down-regulation of fatty acid synthase increases the resistance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells to H2O2.\" Free Radic Biol Med 43:1458-1465."},{"pubmed_id":12235169,"citation":"Hatch, G. M., Smith, A. J., Xu, F. Y., Hall, A. M., Bernlohr, D. A. (2002). \"FATP1 channels exogenous FA into 1,2,3-triacyl-sn-glycerol and down-regulates sphingomyelin and cholesterol metabolism in growing 293 cells.\" J Lipid Res 43:1380-1389."},{"pubmed_id":11113186,"citation":"Kohlwein, S. D., Eder, S., Oh, C. S., Martin, C. E., Gable, K., Bacikova, D., Dunn, T. (2001). \"Tsc13p is required for fatty acid elongation and localizes to a novel structure at the nuclear-vacuolar interface in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.\" Mol Cell Biol 21:109-125."},{"pubmed_id":10092594,"citation":"Jones, J. M., Nau, K., Geraghty, M. T., Erdmann, R., Gould, S. J. (1999). \"Identification of peroxisomal acyl-CoA thioesterases in yeast and humans.\" J Biol Chem 274:9216-9223."}],"proteins":[{"created_at":"2011-05-24T21:24:38.000Z","updated_at":"2011-05-29T05:06:16.000Z","name":"Elongation of fatty acids protein 2","uniprot_id":"P25358","uniprot_name":"ELO2_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"FEN1","num_residues":347,"molecular_weight":"40001.80078","theoretical_pi":"9.83","general_function":"Involved in fatty acid elongase activity","specific_function":"Involved in synthesis of 1,3-beta-glucan. Could be a subunit of 1,3-beta-glucan synthase. Could be also a component of the membrane bound fatty acid elongation systems that produce the 26-carbon very long chain fatty acids that are precursors for ceramide and sphingolipids. Appears to be involved in the elongation of fatty acids up to 24 carbons. Appears to have the highest affinity for substrates with chain length less than 22 carbons","reactions":[{"id":2385,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein (Potential); Multi-pass membrane protein; Multi-pass membrane protein (Probable)","altext":"Acyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA = 3-oxoacyl-CoA + CoA + CO(2).","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"63-83;108-128;201-221;245-265;276-296","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":"Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein","genbank_gene_id":"AF012655","genbank_protein_id":"2654761","gene_card_id":"FEN1","chromosome_location":"chromosome 3","locus":"YCR034W","synonyms":["Protein GNS1","v-SNARE bypass mutant gene 2 protein"],"enzyme_classes":[],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" membrane part"},{"category":"Component","description":" intrinsic to membrane"},{"category":"Component","description":" integral to membrane"},{"category":"Component","description":" cell part"},{"category":"Function","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Process","description":" Not Available"}],"pfams":[{"name":"ELO","identifier":"PF01151"}],"pathways":[],"gene_sequence":"ATGAATTCACTCGTTACTCAATATGCTGCTCCGTTGTTCGAGCGTTATCCCCAACTTCATGACTATTTACCAACTTTGGAGCGACCATTTTTTAATATTTCGTTGTGGGAACATTTCGATGATGTCGTCACTCGTGTAACTAACGGTAGATTTGTTCCAAGCGAATTCCAATTCATTGCAGGTGAATTACCATTAAGCACTTTGCCCCCTGTGCTATACGCCATCACTGCCTATTACGTTATTATTTTTGGTGGCAGGTTTTTGTTAAGTAAGTCGAAACCATTTAAATTAAATGGCCTTTTCCAATTGCATAATTTGGTTTTAACTTCACTTTCATTGACGCTTTTATTGCTTATGGTTGAACAATTAGTGCCAATTATTGTTCAGCACGGGTTATACTTCGCTATCTGTAATATTGGTGCTTGGACTCAACCGCTCGTTACATTATATTACATGAATTACATTGTCAAGTTTATTGAATTTATAGACACCTTTTTCTTGGTGCTAAAACATAAAAAATTGACATTTTTGCATACTTATCACCATGGCGCTACTGCCTTATTATGTTACACCCAATTGATGGGCACCACATCTATTTCTTGGGTCCCTATTTCATTGAACCTTGGTGTTCACGTGGTTATGTATTGGTACTATTTCTTGGCTGCCAGAGGCATCAGGGTCTGGTGGAAGGAATGGGTTACCAGATTTCAAATTATCCAATTTGTTTTGGATATCGGTTTCATATATTTTGCTGTCTACCAAAAAGCAGTTCACTTGTATTTCCCAATTTTGCCACATTGTGGTGACTGTGTGGGTTCAACAACTGCCACCTTTGCAGGTTGTGCCATTATTTCTTCATATTTGGTACTATTTATTTCATTTTACATTAACGTTTATAAACGTAAAGGCACCAAAACCAGTAGAGTGGTAAAGCGTGCCCACGGCGGTGTTGCCGCAAAGGTTAATGAGTATGTTAACGTTGACTTGAAAAACGTTCCTACTCCATCTCCATCACCAAAACCTCAACACAGAAGAAAAAGGTAA","protein_sequence":"MNSLVTQYAAPLFERYPQLHDYLPTLERPFFNISLWEHFDDVVTRVTNGRFVPSEFQFIAGELPLSTLPPVLYAITAYYVIIFGGRFLLSKSKPFKLNGLFQLHNLVLTSLSLTLLLLMVEQLVPIIVQHGLYFAICNIGAWTQPLVTLYYMNYIVKFIEFIDTFFLVLKHKKLTFLHTYHHGATALLCYTQLMGTTSISWVPISLNLGVHVVMYWYYFLAARGIRVWWKEWVTRFQIIQFVLDIGFIYFAVYQKAVHLYFPILPHCGDCVGSTTATFAGCAIISSYLVLFISFYINVYKRKGTKTSRVVKRAHGGVAAKVNEYVNVDLKNVPTPSPSPKPQHRRKR"},{"created_at":"2011-05-24T21:30:02.000Z","updated_at":"2011-07-22T17:54:55.000Z","name":"Very long-chain fatty acid transport protein","uniprot_id":"P38225","uniprot_name":"FAT1_YEAST","enzyme":false,"transporter":true,"gene_name":"FAT1","num_residues":669,"molecular_weight":"77140.29688","theoretical_pi":"8.52","general_function":"Involved in catalytic activity","specific_function":"May be involved in long-chain fatty acids uptake, and thus may play a pivotal role in regulating their accessibility prior to metabolic utilization. May play an important role in uptake of these hydrophobic compounds under conditions where fatty acid synthesis is compromised","reactions":[{"id":1514,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":"peroxisome","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1515,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":"peroxisome","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":3871,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006387","source":"Smpdb"}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"6-26;54-71;149-169;293-313","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":"Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein (Potential)","genbank_gene_id":"AF065148","genbank_protein_id":"3152696","gene_card_id":"FAT1","chromosome_location":"chromosome 2","locus":"YBR041W","synonyms":[],"enzyme_classes":[],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" metabolic process"}],"pfams":[{"name":"AMP-binding","identifier":"PF00501"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids","kegg_map_id":"01040"}],"gene_sequence":"ATGTCTCCCATACAGGTTGTTGTCTTTGCCTTGTCAAGGATTTTCCTGCTATTATTCAGACTTATCAAGCTAATTATAACCCCTATCCAGAAATCACTGGGTTATCTATTTGGTAATTATTTTGATGAATTAGACCGTAAATATAGATACAAGGAGGATTGGTATATTATTCCTTACTTTTTGAAAAGCGTGTTTTGTTATATCATTGATGTGAGAAGACATAGGTTTCAAAACTGGTACTTATTTATTAAACAGGTCCAACAAAATGGTGACCATTTAGCGATTAGTTACACCCGTCCCATGGCCGAAAAGGGAGAATTTCAACTCGAAACCTTTACGTATATTGAAACTTATAACATAGTGTTGAGATTGTCTCATATTTTGCATTTTGATTATAACGTTCAGGCCGGTGACTACGTGGCAATCGATTGTACTAATAAACCTCTTTTCGTATTTTTATGGCTTTCTTTGTGGAACATTGGGGCTATTCCAGCTTTTTTAAACTATAATACTAAAGGCACTCCGCTGGTTCACTCCCTAAAGATTTCCAATATTACGCAGGTATTTATTGACCCTGATGCCAGTAATCCGATCAGAGAATCGGAAGAAGAAATCAAAAACGCACTTCCTGATGTTAAATTAAACTATCTTGAAGAACAAGACTTAATGCATGAACTTTTAAATTCGCAATCACCGGAATTCTTACAACAAGACAACGTTAGGACACCACTAGGCTTGACCGATTTTAAACCCTCTATGTTAATTTATACATCTGGAACCACTGGTTTGCCTAAATCCGCTATTATGTCTTGGAGAAAATCCTCCGTAGGTTGTCAAGTTTTTGGTCATGTTTTACATATGACTAATGAAAGCACTGTGTTCACAGCCATGCCATTGTTCCATTCAACTGCTGCCTTATTAGGTGCGTGCGCCATTCTATCTCACGGTGGTTGCCTTGCGTTATCGCATAAATTTTCTGCCAGTACATTTTGGAAGCAAGTTTATTTAACAGGAGCCACGCACATCCAATATGTCGGAGAAGTCTGTAGATACCTGTTACATACGCCAATTTCTAAGTATGAAAAGATGCATAAGGTGAAGGTTGCTTATGGTAACGGGCTGAGACCTGACATCTGGCAGGACTTCAGGAAGAGGTTCAACATAGAAGTTATTGGTGAATTCTATGCCGCAACTGAAGCTCCTTTTGCTACAACTACCTTCCAGAAAGGTGACTTTGGAATTGGCGCATGTAGGAACTATGGTACTATAATTCAATGGTTTTTGTCATTCCAACAAACATTGGTAAGGATGGACCCAAATGACGATTCCGTTATATATAGAAATTCCAAGGGTTTCTGCGAAGTGGCCCCTGTTGGCGAACCAGGAGAAATGTTAATGAGAATCTTTTTCCCTAAAAAACCAGAAACATCTTTTCAAGGTTATCTTGGTAATGCCAAGGAAACAAAGTCCAAAGTTGTGAGGGATGTCTTCAGACGTGGCGATGCTTGGTATAGATGTGGAGATTTATTAAAAGCGGACGAATATGGATTATGGTATTTCCTTGATAGAATGGGTGATACTTTCAGATGGAAATCTGAAAATGTTTCCACTACTGAAGTAGAAGATCAGTTGACGGCCAGTAACAAAGAACAATATGCACAAGTTCTAGTTGTTGGTATTAAAGTACCTAAATATGAAGGTAGAGCTGGTTTTGCAGTTATTAAACTAACTGACAACTCTCTTGACATCACTGCAAAGACCAAATTATTAAATGATTCCTTGAGCCGGTTAAATCTACCGTCTTATGCTATGCCCCTATTTGTTAAATTTGTTGATGAAATTAAAATGACAGATAATCATAAAATTTTGAAGAAGGTTTATAGAGAGCAAAAATTACCAAAGGGTTTGGATGGAAATGACACTATTTTTTGGCTCAAGAATTACAAGCGCTATGAAGTCTTGACCGCTGCTGATTGGGAAGCCATCGATGCACAAACAATTAAATTATGA","protein_sequence":"MSPIQVVVFALSRIFLLLFRLIKLIITPIQKSLGYLFGNYFDELDRKYRYKEDWYIIPYFLKSVFCYIIDVRRHRFQNWYLFIKQVQQNGDHLAISYTRPMAEKGEFQLETFTYIETYNIVLRLSHILHFDYNVQAGDYVAIDCTNKPLFVFLWLSLWNIGAIPAFLNYNTKGTPLVHSLKISNITQVFIDPDASNPIRESEEEIKNALPDVKLNYLEEQDLMHELLNSQSPEFLQQDNVRTPLGLTDFKPSMLIYTSGTTGLPKSAIMSWRKSSVGCQVFGHVLHMTNESTVFTAMPLFHSTAALLGACAILSHGGCLALSHKFSASTFWKQVYLTGATHIQYVGEVCRYLLHTPISKYEKMHKVKVAYGNGLRPDIWQDFRKRFNIEVIGEFYAATEAPFATTTFQKGDFGIGACRNYGTIIQWFLSFQQTLVRMDPNDDSVIYRNSKGFCEVAPVGEPGEMLMRIFFPKKPETSFQGYLGNAKETKSKVVRDVFRRGDAWYRCGDLLKADEYGLWYFLDRMGDTFRWKSENVSTTEVEDQLTASNKEQYAQVLVVGIKVPKYEGRAGFAVIKLTDNSLDITAKTKLLNDSLSRLNLPSYAMPLFVKFVDEIKMTDNHKILKKVYREQKLPKGLDGNDTIFWLKNYKRYEVLTAADWEAIDAQTIKL"},{"created_at":"2011-05-26T16:20:57.000Z","updated_at":"2011-05-27T15:01:00.000Z","name":"Peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A thioester hydrolase 1","uniprot_id":"P41903","uniprot_name":"PTE1_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"TES1","num_residues":349,"molecular_weight":"40259.39844","theoretical_pi":"9.1","general_function":"Involved in acyl-CoA thioesterase activity","specific_function":"Acyl-CoA thioesterases are a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of acyl-CoAs to the free fatty acid and coenzyme A (CoASH), providing the potential to regulate intracellular levels of acyl-CoAs, free fatty acids and CoASH","reactions":[{"id":1832,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"peroxisome","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1833,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"peroxisome","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1834,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"peroxisome","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1835,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"peroxisome","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1836,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"peroxisome","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1837,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"peroxisome","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1838,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"peroxisome","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2415,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Peroxisome","altext":"Palmitoyl-CoA + H(2)O = CoA + palmitate.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":3888,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006391","source":"Smpdb"}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":"Peroxisome","genbank_gene_id":"AF124265","genbank_protein_id":"4680315","gene_card_id":"TES1","chromosome_location":"chromosome 10","locus":"YJR019C","synonyms":["Peroxisomal long-chain acyl-CoA thioesterase 1"],"enzyme_classes":["3.1.2.2"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" hydrolase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds"},{"category":"Function","description":" thiolester hydrolase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" CoA hydrolase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" acyl-CoA thioesterase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" cofactor metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" coenzyme metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" acyl-CoA metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" metabolic process"}],"pfams":[{"name":"Acyl_CoA_thio","identifier":"PF02551"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids","kegg_map_id":"01040"}],"gene_sequence":"ATGAGTGCTTCCAAAATGGCCATGTCCAACCTAGAGAAAATATTGGAACTGGTTCCTCTTTCGCCTACCAGTTTTGTCACAAAGTATCTGCCTGCCGCGCCCGTAGGGTCTAAGGGCACTTTTGGTGGAACGCTGGTATCACAATCGCTGCTGGCGTCATTGCATACTGTGCCATTGAACTTCTTCCCCACATCGCTACATTCGTATTTCATCAAGGGTGGTGATCCGCGGACCAAGATCACGTACCATGTGCAGAATCTGAGAAACGGTAGAAATTTCATCCATAAGCAGGTTAGTGCTTATCAGCACGACAAGTTGATATTTACGTCGATGATCTTATTTGCCGTGCAACGGTCCAAGGAGCACGACTCCTTGCAGCACTGGGAGACGATTCCAGGCCTGCAAGGTAAGCAGCCAGACCCTCATCGTTATGAAGAGGCCACTTCGCTTTTCCAGAAAGAAGTTCTGGACCCACAGAAATTGAGCAGGTATGCCTCATTGTCCGACAGGTTCCAAGACGCAACCTCGATGAGCAAGTATGTGGATGCGTTTCAATACGGAGTCATGGAGTACCAATTCCCCAAGGACATGTTCTACTCGGCAAGACACACCGACGAGCTGGATTATTTCGTCAAAGTGAGACCTCCCATCACTACCGTGGAGCACGCGGGCGACGAGTCTTCTTTACACAAGCATCATCCGTACAGGATCCCGAAGAGCATTACTCCTGAGAACGACGCTCGCTACAACTACGTGGCCTTTGCGTATCTGTCCGATTCCTACCTCCTACTCACGATCCCGTACTTCCACAACCTGCCTTTGTACTGCCACAGTTTCAGTGTCTCGCTCGACCACACGATTTACTTTCACCAGTTGCCTCATGTGAACAATTGGATCTATCTTAAGATTTCGAATCCCAGGTCCCACTGGGACAAGCACCTCGTACAGGGCAAGTATTTCGACACACAGTCGGGACGCATCATGGCAAGCGTCTCTCAGGAGGGCTACGTTGTCTACGGGTCAGAACGAGACATTCGAGCCAAGTTCTGA","protein_sequence":"MSASKMAMSNLEKILELVPLSPTSFVTKYLPAAPVGSKGTFGGTLVSQSLLASLHTVPLNFFPTSLHSYFIKGGDPRTKITYHVQNLRNGRNFIHKQVSAYQHDKLIFTSMILFAVQRSKEHDSLQHWETIPGLQGKQPDPHRYEEATSLFQKEVLDPQKLSRYASLSDRFQDATSMSKYVDAFQYGVMEYQFPKDMFYSARHTDELDYFVKVRPPITTVEHAGDESSLHKHHPYRIPKSITPENDARYNYVAFAYLSDSYLLLTIPYFHNLPLYCHSFSVSLDHTIYFHQLPHVNNWIYLKISNPRSHWDKHLVQGKYFDTQSGRIMASVSQEGYVVYGSERDIRAKF"}]}