{"ymdb_id":"YMDB00616","created_at":"2011-05-29T18:36:25.000Z","updated_at":"2016-09-08T18:35:41.000Z","name":"(R)-Carnitine","cas":"541-15-1","state":"Solid","melting_point":"197 oC","description":"Carnitine is a quaternary ammonium ubiquitous compound biosynthetized from the amino acids lysine and methionine and involved in the transport of long-chain fatty acids to be used in fatty acid metabolism. The active form is L-carnitine whereas D-carnitine is biologically inactive. Fatty acids are broken down to acetyl-CoA through beta-oxidation, which in yeast takes place exclusively in peroxisomes. Acetyl-CoA is then used in the glyoxylate cycle for gluconeogenesis and formation of carbohydrates, or transported to mitochondrion for the generation of metabolic energy through the citric acid cycle. [Biocyc PWY-6111] [PMID: 10545096]","experimental_water_solubility":null,"experimental_logp_hydrophobicity":null,"location":"extracellular;mitochondrion;peroxisome;cytoplasm","synthesis_reference":null,"chebi_id":"16347","hmdb_id":"HMDB00062","kegg_id":"C00318","pubchem_id":"10917","cs_id":"10455","foodb_id":null,"wikipedia_link":"Carnitine","biocyc_id":"CARNITINE","iupac":"(3R)-3-hydroxy-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate","traditional_iupac":"L-carnitine","logp":"-4.887506048138412","pka":"13.524970024955305","alogps_solubility":"5.33e+00 g/l","alogps_logp":"-2.90","alogps_logs":"-1.60","acceptor_count":"3","donor_count":"1","rotatable_bond_count":"4","polar_surface_area":"60.36","refractivity":"63.48530000000001","polarizability":"16.92647114441721","formal_charge":"0","physiological_charge":"0","pka_strongest_basic":"-3.569523257122939","pka_strongest_acidic":"4.196175564563187","bioavailability":"1","number_of_rings":"0","rule_of_five":"1","ghose_filter":"0","veber_rule":"0","mddr_like_rule":"0","synonyms":["(-)-(R)-3-Hydroxy-4-(trimethylammonio)butyrate","(-)-carnitine","(-)-L-Carnitin","(-)-L-Carnitine","(R)-(3-Carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium hydroxide","(R)-Carnitine","(s)-carnitine","1-carnitine","3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-n","3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-1-propanaminium","3-hydroxy-4-trimethylammoniobutanoate","3-hydroxy-4-trimethylammoniobutanoic acid","Bicarnesine","Carnilean","Carnitene","Carnitine","Carnitor","D-carnitine","delta-carnitine","DL-carnitine","Gamma-trimethyl-ammonium-beta-hydroxybutirate","Gamma-trimethyl-beta-hydroxybutyrobetaine","Gamma-trimethyl-hydroxybutyrobetaine","Karnitin","L-(-)-carnitine","L-Carnitine","l-gamma-trimethyl-beta-hydroxybutyrobetaine","Levocarnitine","Levocarnitinum","n-trimethyl-1-propanaminium","R-(-)-3-hydroxy-4-trimethylaminobutyrate","vitamin bt"],"pathways":[{"name":"Fatty acid metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00071"}],"growth_conditions":[],"references":[{"pubmed_id":18846089,"citation":"Herrgard, M. J., Swainston, N., Dobson, P., Dunn, W. B., Arga, K. Y., Arvas, M., Bluthgen, N., Borger, S., Costenoble, R., Heinemann, M., Hucka, M., Le Novere, N., Li, P., Liebermeister, W., Mo, M. L., Oliveira, A. P., Petranovic, D., Pettifer, S., Simeonidis, E., Smallbone, K., Spasic, I., Weichart, D., Brent, R., Broomhead, D. S., Westerhoff, H. V., Kirdar, B., Penttila, M., Klipp, E., Palsson, B. O., Sauer, U., Oliver, S. G., Mendes, P., Nielsen, J., Kell, D. B. (2008). \"A consensus yeast metabolic network reconstruction obtained from a community approach to systems biology.\" Nat Biotechnol 26:1155-1160."}],"proteins":[{"created_at":"2011-05-24T21:27:14.000Z","updated_at":"2011-07-22T17:54:23.000Z","name":"Carnitine O-acetyltransferase, mitochondrial","uniprot_id":"P32796","uniprot_name":"CACP_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"CAT2","num_residues":670,"molecular_weight":"77241.20313","theoretical_pi":"8.4","general_function":"Involved in acyltransferase activity","specific_function":"Carnitine acetylase is specific for short chain fatty acids. Carnitine acetylase seems to affect the flux through the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. It may be involved as well in the transport of acetyl-CoA into mitochondria","reactions":[{"id":1367,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;peroxisome;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2388,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Peroxisome. Mitochondrion inner membrane; Matrix side;Cytoplasm; Peripheral membrane protein; Intermembrane side;Mitochondrion inner membrane","altext":"Acetyl-CoA + carnitine = CoA + O-acetylcarnitine.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":14163,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006605","source":"Smpdb"}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":"Peroxisome. Mitochondrion inner membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Matrix side","genbank_gene_id":"Z14021","genbank_protein_id":"3462","gene_card_id":"CAT2","chromosome_location":"chromosome 13","locus":"YML042W","synonyms":["Carnitine acetylase"],"enzyme_classes":["2.3.1.7"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity, transferring acyl groups"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity, transferring acyl groups other than amino-acyl groups"},{"category":"Function","description":" acyltransferase activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" Not Available"}],"pfams":[{"name":"Carn_acyltransf","identifier":"PF00755"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Fatty acid metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00071"}],"gene_sequence":"ATGAGGATCTGTCATTCGAGAACTCTCTCAAACTTAAAGGATCTTCCGATAACGTCAAGGAGAGCAATGCATTCGGCCATTGTCAATTACTCCACCCAAAAGGCCCAATTTCCCGTAGAGACAAATAATGGGGAACACTATTGGGCGGAAAAGCCGAACAAATTCTACCAGAACAAAAGGCCCAATTTTCAAGGCATTACCTTTGCTAAACAACAAGACTTACCATCATTACCCGTGCCCGAATTGAAGTCTACACTTGACAAGTATTTGCAAACCATCCGCCCATTTTGCAATGATGTAGAAACTTTTGAAAGACAGCAGCTGTTATGTAAGGACTTCTCGGAGCACATGGGGCCTATCTTACAAGACCGATTGAAAGAGTATGCCAACGATAAAAGAAACTGGATGGCCAAGTTTTGGGATGAACAATCCTATTTACAATACAACGATCCTATTGTTCCATACGTCTCTTATTTTTATTCTCATATGCCATTACCGAATCATTTATCGAAGATCGATAATGATCCTTTGATTAAGGCTACTGCGATTATCTCAACCGTGGTTAAATTCATCGAAGCTATTAAAGATGAATCTTTACCCGTAGAAATTATCAAAGGTATGCCATTTTGTATGAATAGTTTTTCATTGATGTTTAACACTTCGAGATTGCCTGGTAAGCCAGAGGATAACCAAGATACAAATATTTTTTATTCAGTTTATGAGAACAACTTTGTAACTATCGCTTATAAAGGGAAGTTTTACAAACTGATGACCCATGACGGGAATCACAAACCGCTTTCCGAAAACGAAATCTGGAGGCAACTGTACTCTGTGGTATTCCAAGGATCGCAGTCCGATCCCAAACTAGGTGGCATTGGTTCTCTCACCTCTTTACCTCGTGATCAATGGCGTGAAGTACATATGGAGCTTATGAAGGATCCTATTTCTCAGGATTCACTAGAAACAATCCATAAGTCTTCCTTTATGCTATGTTTGGATCTTGACCAATCCCCTGTCACTTTGGAAGAAAAGTCAAGAAATTGCTGGCACGGTGATGGTATTAACAGATTCTACGATAAGTCTTTACAGTTCCTAGTCACCGGTAATGGTTCATCAGGTTTCTTAGCTGAACACTCGAAGATGGATGGTACGCCAACATTGTTTTTAAATAACTACGTTTGTCAGCAGTTGAATAAACTAGATGTGGATGACTTCATGAGAAAAGTAATTACGCCATCATCTACGGTGGCAATGAAACCTATGGAACTGCCCTTCATTATCACACCGAAGATTCATAAAGCAATCGAATCTGCCCAACTACAATTTAAGGAAACAATTGGTGAGCATGACCTACGTGTTTGGCACTACAACAAATATGGAAAAACGTTTATAAAACGCCATGGCATGTCACCTGATGCATTTATTCAACAAGTTATCCAACTGGCGGTTTTCAAATATCTGAAACGACAACTACCAACTTACGAGGCTGCTTCCACGAGAAAATACTTCAAAGGCCGTACTGAAACTGGTAGATCTGTGTCCACCGCCTCCTTAGAATTTGTTTCTAAATGGCAAAATGGCGATGTTCCTATTGCAGAAAAGATTCAGGCTTTGAAACATTCTGCAAAAGAGCATTCGACGTACCTGAAAAATGCTGCAAATGGTAATGGTGTCGATCGTCATTTCTTCGGTCTAAAGAATATGCTAAAATCTAATGATGACCAAATTCCGCCCCTTTTCAAAGATCCCTTATTTAATTATTCTTCAACTTGGTTGATCTCCACATCTCAACTATCTTCGGAATATTTTGACGGTTATGGTTGGTCCCAAGTAAATGACAACGGGTTTGGACTGGCATACATGTTGAATAACGAGTGGCTGCATATCAATATTGTCAACAAACCAGCCAAGAGTGGAGCCAGTGTTAACAGATTACACTATTATTTATCTCAAGCTGCTGATGAAATTTTTGACGCCTTGGAAAATGAGAATAAACGAAAAGCAAAGTTATGA","protein_sequence":"MRICHSRTLSNLKDLPITSRRAMHSAIVNYSTQKAQFPVETNNGEHYWAEKPNKFYQNKRPNFQGITFAKQQDLPSLPVPELKSTLDKYLQTIRPFCNDVETFERQQLLCKDFSEHMGPILQDRLKEYANDKRNWMAKFWDEQSYLQYNDPIVPYVSYFYSHMPLPNHLSKIDNDPLIKATAIISTVVKFIEAIKDESLPVEIIKGMPFCMNSFSLMFNTSRLPGKPEDNQDTNIFYSVYENNFVTIAYKGKFYKLMTHDGNDKPLSENEIWRQLYSVVFQGSQSDPKLGGIGSLTSLPRDQWREVHLELMKDPISQDSLETIHKSSFMLCLDLDQSPVTLEEKSRNCWHGDGINRFYDKSLQFLVTGNGSSGFLAEHSKMDGTPTLFLNNYVCQQLNKLDVDDFMRKVITPSSTVAMKPMELPFIITPKIHKAIESAQLQFKETIGEHDLRVWHYNKYGKTFIKRHGMSPDAFIQQVIQLAVFKYLKRQLPTYEAASTRKYFKGRTETGRSVSTASLEFVSKWQNGDVPIAEKIQALKHSAKEHSTYLKNAANGNGVDRHFFGLKNMLKSNDDQIPPLFKDPLFNYSSTWLISTSQLSSEYFDGYGWSQVNDNGFGLAYMLNNEWLHINIVNKPAKSGASVNRLHYYLSQAADEIFDALENENKRKAKL"},{"created_at":"2011-05-24T21:29:14.000Z","updated_at":"2011-07-22T17:54:22.000Z","name":"Putative mitochondrial carnitine O-acetyltransferase","uniprot_id":"P80235","uniprot_name":"CACM_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"YAT1","num_residues":687,"molecular_weight":"77764.79688","theoretical_pi":"6.92","general_function":"Involved in acyltransferase activity","specific_function":"Involved in the transfer of acetyl-CoA into mitochondria. May also be involved in the metabolism of acetate and of ethanol","reactions":[{"id":1367,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;peroxisome;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2388,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Peroxisome. Mitochondrion inner membrane; Matrix side;Cytoplasm; Peripheral membrane protein; Intermembrane side;Mitochondrion inner membrane","altext":"Acetyl-CoA + carnitine = CoA + O-acetylcarnitine.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":"Mitochondrion inner membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Intermembrane side","genbank_gene_id":"L28920","genbank_protein_id":"456138","gene_card_id":"YAT1","chromosome_location":"chromosome 1","locus":"YAR035W","synonyms":[],"enzyme_classes":["2.3.1.7"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity, transferring acyl groups"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity, transferring acyl groups other than amino-acyl groups"},{"category":"Function","description":" acyltransferase activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" Not Available"}],"pfams":[{"name":"Carn_acyltransf","identifier":"PF00755"}],"pathways":[],"gene_sequence":"ATGCCAAACTTAAAGAGACTACCCATCCCGCCACTGCAGGACACGCTCAACCGCTACCTGGCACGCGTGGAACCCCTGCAGGACGAGCGCCAAAACCGCCGTACGCGCCGCACTGTGCTCTCCGCAGAAAACCTGGACGCATTGAACACGCTGCACGAGCGGCTGCTAGAATACGACGCACGGCTCGCGGAAAGCAACCCAGAGTCCTCATACATCGAGCAGTTCTGGTATGACGCGTACTTGCTATATGATGCAACTGTCGTTCTCAACGTCAACCCGTACTTCCAACTGCAGGACGACCCAACCATCAAAGACACACCAGAGACGGCGGCACAGGGCCCCTATGGCGCACACACGGTGCAGGTTCGTCGTGCCGCACGACTCACCACCTCTATTCTCAAGTTCATCCGCCAGATTCGCCACGGCACACTCCGCACAGACACTGTGCGCGGCAAAACGCCGCTGTCGATGGACCAGTATGAGCGGCTATTCGGCTCCAGTAGAATCCCTCCGGGTCCCGGCGAGCCCTCTTGCCACTTGCAAACAGACGCCACGTCGCATCACGTGGTGGCGATGTATCGTGGCCAGTTCTACTGGTTCGACGTGCTGGACACACGCAACGAGCCCATCTTCGCCACCCCAGAACAACTGGAGTGGAACCTCTACTCGATCATCATGGACGCGGAATCCGCCGGAAGCGGATCCGCGCCCTTTGGCGTGTTCACCACAGAGTCGCGCCGGGTGTGGTCCAACATCAGGGACTATCTGTTCCATGCGGACGACTGCACCAACTGGCGCAATCTCAAGCTGATCGACTCCGCGCTGTTCGTGGTCTGTCTCGACGACGTGGCGTTTGCCGCCGATCAGCAGGACGAGCTCACGCGTTCGATGCTGTGCGGGACTTCTACCATCAATCTCGACCCGCACCAACACCAGCCGCCATTGAACGTGCAGACAGGCACCTGTCTCAACCGCTGGTACGACAAGTTACAACTGATCGTGACCAAGAACGGTAAGGCGGGCATCAACTTCGAACACACCGGTGTGGACGGCCACACTGTGCTGCGGCTCGCCACAGACATCTACACAGACTCGATCCTGAGCTTCGCACGCGGTGTCACCAAGAACGTCGTCGACATCTTTAGCGACGACGATGGAAAACCATCGTCGTCGTCGTTGGCCTCGGCGGCTCACTCCGCCAACTTGATCACCATCCCTCGTAAACTGGAATGGCGCACTGACAATTTCCTGCAATCGTCGCTGCACTTTGCCGAGACGCGCATCTCGGACTTGATCTCGCAATACGAGTTTGTTAATCTTGACTTCTCCAACTACGGCGCGTCCCATATCAAGACAGTGTTCAAGTGCTCGCCAGACGCCTTCGTGCAGCAGGTGTTCCAGGTCGCATACTTCGCGTTGTACGGTCGCTTCGAGACCGTGTACGAGCCTGCCATGACCAAGGCGTTCCAAAACGGCCGCACAGAGGCCATCCGCTCCGTCACGGGCCAATCGAAGCTCTTTGTCAAGTCACTACTGGACCAGGATGCCTCGGACGCCACCAAAATTCAGCTCTTGCACGACGCCTGTACGGCGCACTCGCAAATCACAAGGGAATGCTCCCAGGGGCTCGGCCAGGACCGTCACTTGTATGCGCTCTACTGCCTCTGGAACCAATGGTACAAGGACAAGTTGGAGCTCCCACCCATCTTCCGCGACAAGTCCTGGACTACCATGCAGAACAACGTCTTGAGCACCTCCAACTGCGGTAACCCCTGCCTCAAGAGCTTCGGGTTCGGGCCTGTCACCGCCAACGGCTTCGGCATCGGCTACATCATCAGAGACCACTCCGTCTCTGTGGTGGTGTCCTCAAGGCATCGCCAGACTGCTCGGTTTGCGTCGCTCATGGAAAAGTCGCTGCTGGAGATCGACCGCATCTTCAAACGGCAGCAAGCTCGCGCAGCAAAACCCGCTGCCAGGACCACTGCTAGCGCCAACACCAAATCAGAAGACATGAAATACCTGTTGTCCGGCTACGATTACTTCGACGTGAGCGTGTCCGGTTGA","protein_sequence":"MPNLKRLPIPPLQDTLNRYLARVEPLQDERQNRRTRRTVLSAENLDALNTLHERLLEYDARLAESNPESSYIEQFWYDAYLLYDATVVLNVNPYFQLQDDPTIKDTPETAAQGPYGAHTVQVRRAARLTTSILKFIRQIRHGTLRTDTVRGKTPLSMDQYERLFGSSRIPPGPGEPSCHLQTDATSHHVVAMYRGQFYWFDVLDTRNEPIFATPEQLEWNLYSIIMDAESAGSGSAPFGVFTTESRRVWSNIRDYLFHADDCTNWRNLKLIDSALFVVCLDDVAFAADQQDELTRSMLCGTSTINLDPHQHQPPLNVQTGTCLNRWYDKLQLIVTKNGKAGINFEHTGVDGHTVLRLATDIYTDSILSFARGVTKNVVDIFSDDDGKPSSSSLASAAHSANLITIPRKLEWRTDNFLQSSLHFAETRISDLISQYEFVNLDFSNYGASHIKTVFKCSPDAFVQQVFQVAYFALYGRFETVYEPAMTKAFQNGRTEAIRSVTGQSKLFVKSLLDQDASDATKIQLLHDACTAHSQITRECSQGLGQDRHLYALYCLWNQWYKDKLELPPIFRDKSWTTMQNNVLSTSNCGNPCLKSFGFGPVTANGFGIGYIIRDHSVSVVVSSRHRQTARFASLMEKSLLEIDRIFKRQQARAAKPAARTTASANTKSEDMKYLLSGYDYFDVSVSG"},{"created_at":"2011-05-26T16:13:31.000Z","updated_at":"2011-07-22T17:54:22.000Z","name":"Carnitine O-acetyltransferase YAT2","uniprot_id":"P40017","uniprot_name":"YAT2_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"YAT2","num_residues":923,"molecular_weight":"103333.0","theoretical_pi":"6.24","general_function":"Involved in acyltransferase activity","specific_function":"Involved in the shutteling of acetyl-CoA in the cell","reactions":[{"id":1367,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;peroxisome;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2388,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Peroxisome. Mitochondrion inner membrane; Matrix side;Cytoplasm; Peripheral membrane protein; Intermembrane side;Mitochondrion inner membrane","altext":"Acetyl-CoA + carnitine = CoA + O-acetylcarnitine.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":14163,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006605","source":"Smpdb"}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":"Cytoplasm","genbank_gene_id":"U18778","genbank_protein_id":"603616","gene_card_id":"YAT2","chromosome_location":"chromosome 5","locus":"YER024W","synonyms":[],"enzyme_classes":["2.3.1.7"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity, transferring acyl groups"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity, transferring acyl groups other than amino-acyl groups"},{"category":"Function","description":" acyltransferase activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" Not Available"}],"pfams":[{"name":"Carn_acyltransf","identifier":"PF00755"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Fatty acid metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00071"}],"gene_sequence":"ATGTCAAGCGGCAGTACTATTGTTTCGTCTGACAAGTCGGGGCGAACATTTAAGCATGAGGAAGAACTACCCAAGTTACCATTACCTAAACTCTGTGACACTTTGCAGCGTCTGAAGGAGAGTTTAGAGCCATTGTATTATGCTGATGGTTACTATCAACATCCTTTAGATCCAGAACAAATTGAGAAGCTGTCATCCATAATAAGAGATTTTGAAGAGAATCCCGTAAGTGAGAAGCTGCAATCTAAACTACAGAGCTACCATGACACTAGGGATTGCTACCTTGATGAATTACACTTAGACATCAATAACCAGACCTCCACTAGGGAGATTCAGGACGATGTCCTACCCAGGAATCCCTTCTTGGTTCTCGCAGATGACGCTTTGCCAAACATCACTCAAGCTGATAGGTCAGCCGTCCTAGTGCACTCTGCGGCCAGGTTTATTTCTGCTTTGAAACAAGATTTGTTGCCACCAGATATCAATGCCACCAATGGCAAACCACTGTCAATGGCTCCATTTCTGAACTTGTTCGGTACTACTCGTAGTCCTGTTTTTCAGCGCGGTGAGGTTGAAAATTTTGATTTGAACAAACCTTACACAGCATCTGATTTAGAAGACCCTGATTATTCAAGCGATGAGGACGATAACGACGAACCCACCCAAAAAGACTTTGATGACCGTAAAAGAAAACACGAAGAAGACATATTCACTGGCAATGGTATAACTATAAAAAGACATCCGGATAGCAAACACATCTTGATCATCTCCAGGGGCCAATACTATACACTGGAAGTACTTGATTCGACGAATAAAATTATATACACTGCTGCAGAATTAACCACAATTTTCAACCATATAATAAAAGATTCTTCTGGCATTGAAAAATCAACTGCGTTAGGTAGTTTGACCTCTCACTCTTTTAGAAACTGGAAATATGCAAGGAAGAGACTACAGAAAAGGTATCCTAATGAATTACATCGCATAGACTCTGCTCTGTTCGTGTTAGTGCTGGACGAATCACAAGAAGAAACTACCAATGATGGCGATGATACCGCTGATATCAGTCAAATGTTTAACAGGACTATCACTGAGCGAGACAAGAAATGTACTTCCGCCAATTGTAAGAGAGTGTTTTACGGTACTTCTATAATAAATAGCAAAGGCCATCAAGTGGGTTCATGTGTTTCTCGTTGGTATGATAAATTACAGTTAGTTGTCACTGCAGATGCAAAAGCCACAGTGATTTGGGATTCCTTCACATGTGACGGGTCAGTCGTGCTTCGGTTTACTTCTGAAATTTATACAGAATCAGTCTTGAGATTAGCTAGAGACGTTAACGCCGGTGACCCACAGTTTTCACTCTGGCCTAACGTGACACAAATGGATCCTGAAACTAAAAAACTGATGACGGCGACCATAAGTGCCGACGGCGGAGGCCCTTCTGAAATTGACCCTAAGTTGGTTGTAAATAAAATCGATTGGTCTTTCAGTAACATCCTGAACACACATGTCCATTTGTCAGAAACCAAACTAGCTGATCTGATTTCCAAGTATGATATTGTTCGCGCTTCTATTCCATTGGGCAGAAGGTCAGCTCAAAGATTAGGAGTCAAGCCCGATTCGATGGTTCAAGTAGCTTTACAAATAGCTCACTATGCTTTGTATGGAAGAATGGTGTTTGGATTAGAACCAGTATCCACACGTGGTTTCAAAAACTCGAGATCATCTTTTATTAACATTCAAAGTCAAGCGCTGTTGGAACTATGTCAATTGTTTATTTCTAGCTCCATTGATGGGACAGATAAATTAGACAAATTTATCCAAACCTGCGAAACACATAATAACATGGTTAAACATGCAAAGTCTGGGGTAGGTTATGAAAAACACTTCAATGCATTGAAATATCTCTTCAAATTTCATGACCATTTTGGTATCCACTTAAGTGGTGATGAATCATCTGCTGCGAAAGATCTTTTCGAAAATCCACTTGTTTTACCTTTCTCACAGCCTGAGTTGATTGTTGCCAACTGTGGTAATGCTGCTACCACGACATTTGGTATAACTCCTGCTGTACCTCATGGCTTTGGAATAGGGTACATCATTAAAGATGATCAAGTAGATTTGACCGTGACATCGCAATTTCGACAGGGTGACAGGTTAATGTTTATGTTAAGTTGGGTGTTAGGCGAAATTCGTTCCTACTGGAGGATGTCACGCGGCACTTCTCATAATAAAACTGGCGTGAAGATCAGTCCAGTGGTCGATAAATTGTATGAAATGGACAATGCAGTCAATAATCCTCCGAAACGTAACGGCCATACAGTCAATGGCTCCCGCAAAACATCTTCTTCATCACAGGTAAATTTGAACAGGTATGGCGGGTTTTTCGATTTGGAAGGCCACATTGACAGTAGGAATATATCTAAAACACCATCGATGAAGAATTTGCAGAAAACCTTCAATGGCTTGACCATGAGCGCAGACAATGATCATTCAAGTTCCGCAGTTTCCGTTCCCACAGAAAAGGAAAAATTAAATACAGGCCATGAAATTTTACAGATCCAACCGCGGGAAGTGGCAAGTAATGGGTTGGAAGCAGATGATGAGACAGATATTGAAATAGTTGCTGGCAATGCTGATGGCACATCCTCTTCGGCATCTTCAGCTACATCTCTAAATTCCAAGAAACGTAACGTCATCAACTCAAGATTCGATATTGATTTTGACCGCAGTCGTGTGGGTAGAAAGGTGGCGACCTTAGATCAATAA","protein_sequence":"MSSGSTIVSSDKSGRTFKHEEELPKLPLPKLCDTLQRLKESLEPLYYADGYYQHPLDPEQIEKLSSIIRDFEENPVSEKLQSKLQSYHDTRDCYLDELHLDINNQTSTREIQDDVLPRNPFLVLADDALPNITQADRSAVLVHSAARFISALKQDLLPPDINATNGKPLSMAPFLNLFGTTRSPVFQRGEVENFDLNKPYTASDLEDPDYSSDEDDNDEPTQKDFDDRKRKHEEDIFTGNGITIKRHPDSKHILIISRGQYYTLEVLDSTNKIIYTAAELTTIFNHIIKDSSGIEKSTALGSLTSHSFRNWKYARKRLQKRYPNELHRIDSALFVLVLDESQEETTNDGDDTADISQMFNRTITERDKKCTSANCKRVFYGTSIINSKGHQVGSCVSRWYDKLQLVVTADAKATVIWDSFTCDGSVVLRFTSEIYTESVLRLARDVNAGDPQFSLWPNVTQMDPETKKLMTATISADGGGPSEIDPKLVVNKIDWSFSNILNTHVHLSETKLADLISKYDIVRASIPLGRRSAQRLGVKPDSMVQVALQIAHYALYGRMVFGLEPVSTRGFKNSRSSFINIQSQALLELCQLFISSSIDGTDKLDKFIQTCETHNNMVKHAKSGVGYEKHFNALKYLFKFHDHFGIHLSGDESSAAKDLFENPLVLPFSQPELIVANCGNAATTTFGITPAVPHGFGIGYIIKDDQVDLTVTSQFRQGDRLMFMLSWVLGEIRSYWRMSRGTSHNKTGVKISPVVDKLYEMDNAVNNPPKRNGHTVNGSRKTSSSSQVNLNRYGGFFDLEGHIDSRNISKTPSMKNLQKTFNGLTMSADNDHSSSAVSVPTEKEKLNTGHEILQIQPREVASNGLEADDETDIEIVAGNADGTSSSASSATSLNSKKRNVINSRFDIDFDRSRVGRKVATLDQ"},{"created_at":"2011-05-27T05:23:40.000Z","updated_at":"2011-05-27T15:01:24.000Z","name":"General amino acid permease AGP2","uniprot_id":"P38090","uniprot_name":"AGP2_YEAST","enzyme":false,"transporter":true,"gene_name":"AGP2","num_residues":596,"molecular_weight":"67261.29688","theoretical_pi":"7.22","general_function":"Involved in transport","specific_function":"General amino acid permease with broad substrate specificity. Can also transport carnitine","reactions":[],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"95-115;118-138;166-186;200-220;228-248;289-309;327-347;380-400;428-448;460-480;506-526;535-555","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":"Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein","genbank_gene_id":"X75891","genbank_protein_id":"496863","gene_card_id":"AGP2","chromosome_location":"chromosome 2","locus":"YBR132C","synonyms":[],"enzyme_classes":[],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" cell part"},{"category":"Component","description":" membrane"},{"category":"Component","description":" membrane part"},{"category":"Component","description":" intrinsic to membrane"},{"category":"Component","description":" integral to membrane"},{"category":"Function","description":" amino acid transmembrane transporter activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" transporter activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" transmembrane transporter activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" active transmembrane transporter activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" amine transmembrane transporter activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" amine transport"},{"category":"Process","description":" amino acid transport"},{"category":"Process","description":" transmembrane transport"},{"category":"Process","description":" establishment of localization"},{"category":"Process","description":" transport"}],"pfams":[{"name":"AA_permease","identifier":"PF00324"}],"pathways":[],"gene_sequence":"ATGACAAAGGAACGTATGACCATCGACTACGAAAATGACGGTGATTTTGAGTACGATAAGAATAAATACAAGACAATAACCACTCGAATAAAGAGTATCGAACCTAGTGAGGGATGGTTGGAACCTTCTGGGTCAGTGGGTCACATAAACACGATACCCGAAGCGGGCGATGTTCACGTGGATGAACATGAGGATAGAGGGTCTTCTATTGATGATGACTCAAGGACTTACCTGCTATATTTCACAGAAACTCGACGTAAACTAGAAAACAGGCACGTCCAGTTGATTGCTATTTCCGGTGTCATTGGTACGGCGCTATTCGTGGCGATCGGAAAAGCTTTATACCGTGGAGGGCCCGCCTCTTTATTATTGGCATTTGCTCTTTGGTGTGTTCCAATACTTTGCATTACTGTGTCTACAGCGGAAATGGTCTGCTTTTTCCCTGTAAGTTCCCCCTTTTTGAGATTAGCAACGAAGTGCGTTGACGATTCATTGGCTGTCATGGCTAGCTGGAATTTCTGGTTTCTTGAATGCGTACAGATCCCTTTCGAGATTGTTTCTGTTAATACAATTATACATTATTGGAGAGATGATTATTCAGCTGGTATTCCGCTCGCCGTTCAAGTAGTTTTGTATCTGCTTATTTCCATTTGTGCAGTCAAATATTACGGTGAAATGGAATTTTGGTTGGCTTCTTTCAAAATTATCCTTGCACTCGGCCTATTTACATTCACGTTCATTACCATGTTGGGTGGAAATCCTGAACATGATCGTTACGGGTTTCGTAATTATGGTGAAAGTCCATTCAAGAAATACTTTCCCGATGGCAATGATGTGGGGAAGTCTTCGGGCTACTTCCAGGGGTTTCTCGCTTGCTTGATTCAGGCATCGTTTACCATAGCTGGTGGCGAGTATATTTCTATGTTAGCGGGAGAGGTCAAACGACCAAGAAAAGTATTACCCAAGGCGTTTAAGCAGGTGTTTGTGAGATTAACATTTTTGTTTTTAGGGAGTTGTCTGTGTGTTGGGATTGTTTGTTCGCCAAATGATCCTGACTTGACAGCAGCAATTAATGAAGCAAGGCCTGGCGCCGGGTCTTCACCTTATGTCATTGCAATGAATAATCTGAAAATTAGAATATTACCTGACATTGTTAATATAGCTTTGATTACAGCCGCCTTTTCTGCTGGTAACGCTTACACTTATTGCTCATCCAGAACATTTTATGGTATGGCATTAGATGGCTACGCGCCAAAAATCTTCACTAGATGCAATAGGCATGGTGTGCCCATTTACTCTGTGGCCATATCTTTGGTATGGGCTTTAGTGAGCCTTTTGCAACTGAATTCTAATAGTGCGGTCGTATTGAATTGGTTAATTAACTTGATTACTGCCTCTCAATTGATTAATTTTGTCGTCCTTTGTATCGTCTATTTATTTTTCAGAAGGGCTTACCACGTCCAACAAGATTCGTTACCCAAGTTGCCATTCCGTTCGTGGGGTCAACCATACACTGCTATTATCGGCCTTGTTTCATGTTCCGCAATGATTTTAATACAGGGCTACACCGTTTTCTTTCCCAAATTATGGAACACACAAGATTTTTTGTTTTCGTATTTAATGGTGTTTATCAACATCGGTATATATGTGGGCTACAAATTTATTTGGAAACGTGGTAAAGATCACTTCAAAAACCCACATGAAATTGACTTTTCTAAAGAGCTAACAGAAATTGAAAACCATGAGATTGAAAGCTCCTTCGAAAAATTTCAATATTATAGCAAAGCATAA","protein_sequence":"MTKERMTIDYENDGDFEYDKNKYKTITTRIKSIEPSEGWLEPSGSVGHINTIPEAGDVHVDEHEDRGSSIDDDSRTYLLYFTETRRKLENRHVQLIAISGVIGTALFVAIGKALYRGGPASLLLAFALWCVPILCITVSTAEMVCFFPVSSPFLRLATKCVDDSLAVMASWNFWFLECVQIPFEIVSVNTIIHYWRDDYSAGIPLAVQVVLYLLISICAVKYYGEMEFWLASFKIILALGLFTFTFITMLGGNPEHDRYGFRNYGESPFKKYFPDGNDVGKSSGYFQGFLACLIQASFTIAGGEYISMLAGEVKRPRKVLPKAFKQVFVRLTFLFLGSCLCVGIVCSPNDPDLTAAINEARPGAGSSPYVIAMNNLKIRILPDIVNIALITAAFSAGNAYTYCSSRTFYGMALDGYAPKIFTRCNRHGVPIYSVAISLVWALVSLLQLNSNSAVVLNWLINLITASQLINFVVLCIVYLFFRRAYHVQQDSLPKLPFRSWGQPYTAIIGLVSCSAMILIQGYTVFFPKLWNTQDFLFSYLMVFINIGIYVGYKFIWKRGKDHFKNPHEIDFSKELTEIENHEIESSFEKFQYYSKA"},{"created_at":"2011-05-27T09:13:05.000Z","updated_at":"2011-06-05T02:10:38.000Z","name":"Mitochondrial carnitine carrier","uniprot_id":"Q12289","uniprot_name":"CRC1_YEAST","enzyme":false,"transporter":true,"gene_name":"CRC1","num_residues":327,"molecular_weight":"34753.89844","theoretical_pi":"10.46","general_function":"Involved in binding","specific_function":"Transports carnitine, acetylcarnitine, propionylcarnitine and to a much lower extent medium- and long- chain acylcarnitines","reactions":[],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"33-49;107-123;141-162;196-212;244-260;293-313","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":"Mitochondrion inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein (Potential)","genbank_gene_id":"AJ250124","genbank_protein_id":"6634541","gene_card_id":"CRC1","chromosome_location":"chromosome 15","locus":"YOR100C","synonyms":[],"enzyme_classes":[],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" cell part"},{"category":"Component","description":" membrane"},{"category":"Function","description":" binding"},{"category":"Process","description":" transmembrane transport"},{"category":"Process","description":" establishment of localization"},{"category":"Process","description":" transport"}],"pfams":[{"name":"Mito_carr","identifier":"PF00153"}],"pathways":[],"gene_sequence":"ATGTCTTCAGACACTTCATTATCAGAATCTTCATTATTGAAAGAAGAGAGTGGGAGCTTGACCAAGTCTCGTCCACCTATAAAATCAAACCCTGTACGCGAAAATATCAAATCATTTGTGGCCGGTGGAGTTGGCGGGGTATGTGCGGTGTTTACGGGTCATCCCTTCGATTTGATTAAAGTGAGATGTCAAAATGGACAAGCGAATTCCACGGTACATGCCATTACAAATATTATAAAAGAAGCAAAAACTCAAGTAAAGGGCACATTATTTACCAATTCCGTAAAGGGGTTCTATAAAGGTGTTATCCCGCCCTTATTAGGTGTTACTCCCATATTCGCTGTTTCTTTCTGGGGTTACGATGTGGGTAAGAAACTGGTTACTTTTAATAACAAGCAAGGAGGCAGTAACGAGTTAACTATGGGACAAATGGCTGCAGCAGGATTTATCAGCGCTATTCCTACCACTTTAGTGACTGCGCCAACGGAAAGAGTAAAGGTTGTCCTGCAAACATCTTCTAAGGGCTCTTTCATTCAGGCGGCTAAAACCATTGTTAAAGAAGGTGGCATAGCTTCTTTATTTAAAGGTTCATTAGCCACTTTAGCAAGAGATGGGCCTGGCTCAGCTCTATATTTTGCATCTTATGAAATTTCAAAAAATTACTTGAATAGTAGGCAACCTCGTCAAGATGCGGGCAAAGATGAACCGGTCAATATCTTGAACGTGTGTCTTGCTGGTGGTATTGCTGGTATGTCGATGTGGCTAGCTGTTTTCCCCATAGACACTATAAAGACAAAATTGCAGGCTTCCTCCACGAGGCAGAATATGCTTTCCGCCACAAAGGAAATTTATCTACAAAGAGGTGGTATCAAGGGATTTTTCCCTGGTTTAGGTCCTGCTTTACTAAGATCTTTCCCAGCCAATGCGGCCACATTTTTAGGTGTGGAGATGACTCATTCACTGTTCAAGAAGTATGGCATATGA","protein_sequence":"MSSDTSLSESSLLKEESGSLTKSRPPIKSNPVRENIKSFVAGGVGGVCAVFTGHPFDLIKVRCQNGQANSTVHAITNIIKEAKTQVKGTLFTNSVKGFYKGVIPPLLGVTPIFAVSFWGYDVGKKLVTFNNKQGGSNELTMGQMAAAGFISAIPTTLVTAPTERVKVVLQTSSKGSFIQAAKTIVKEGGIASLFKGSLATLARDGPGSALYFASYEISKNYLNSRQPRQDAGKDEPVNILNVCLAGGIAGMSMWLAVFPIDTIKTKLQASSTRQNMLSATKEIYLQRGGIKGFFPGLGPALLRSFPANAATFLGVEMTHSLFKKYGI"}]}