{"ymdb_id":"YMDB00449","created_at":"2011-05-29T18:18:10.000Z","updated_at":"2016-09-12T20:56:43.000Z","name":"(2S)-2-Isopropyl-3-oxosuccinate","cas":null,"state":"Solid","melting_point":null,"description":"(2S)-2-Isopropyl-3-oxosuccinate is an intermediate in the leucine biosynthesis pathway. [Biocyc LEUSYN-PWY]","experimental_water_solubility":null,"experimental_logp_hydrophobicity":null,"location":"mitochondrion;cytoplasm","synthesis_reference":null,"chebi_id":"1467","hmdb_id":null,"kegg_id":null,"pubchem_id":null,"cs_id":"4575347","foodb_id":null,"wikipedia_link":null,"biocyc_id":null,"iupac":"(3S)-2-oxo-3-(propan-2-yl)butanedioic acid","traditional_iupac":"(2S)-2-isopropyl-3-oxobutanedioic acid","logp":"1.2326764389999998","pka":"4.030518812521971","alogps_solubility":"7.02e+00 g/l","alogps_logp":"0.43","alogps_logs":"-1.39","acceptor_count":"5","donor_count":"2","rotatable_bond_count":"4","polar_surface_area":"91.66999999999999","refractivity":"38.057900000000004","polarizability":"15.82669184112504","formal_charge":"0","physiological_charge":"-2","pka_strongest_basic":"-9.953657597776589","pka_strongest_acidic":"2.933653579611946","bioavailability":"1","number_of_rings":"0","rule_of_five":"1","ghose_filter":"0","veber_rule":"0","mddr_like_rule":"0","synonyms":["(2S)-2-(1-Methylethyl)-3-oxobutanedioate","(2S)-2-(1-Methylethyl)-3-oxobutanedioic acid","(2S)-2-Isopropyl-3-oxosuccinate","(2S)-2-Isopropyl-3-oxosuccinic acid","(2S)-3-oxo-2-(Propan-2-yl)butanedioate","(2S)-3-oxo-2-(Propan-2-yl)butanedioic acid","2-Isopropyl-3-oxosuccinic acid","2-oxo-4-Methyl-3-carboxypentanoate","2-oxo-4-Methyl-3-carboxypentanoic acid","3-Carboxy-4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate","3-Carboxy-4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid"],"pathways":[{"name":"Leucine Biosynthesis","kegg_map_id":null}],"growth_conditions":[],"references":[{"pubmed_id":18846089,"citation":"Herrgard, M. J., Swainston, N., Dobson, P., Dunn, W. B., Arga, K. Y., Arvas, M., Bluthgen, N., Borger, S., Costenoble, R., Heinemann, M., Hucka, M., Le Novere, N., Li, P., Liebermeister, W., Mo, M. L., Oliveira, A. P., Petranovic, D., Pettifer, S., Simeonidis, E., Smallbone, K., Spasic, I., Weichart, D., Brent, R., Broomhead, D. S., Westerhoff, H. V., Kirdar, B., Penttila, M., Klipp, E., Palsson, B. O., Sauer, U., Oliver, S. G., Mendes, P., Nielsen, J., Kell, D. B. (2008). \"A consensus yeast metabolic network reconstruction obtained from a community approach to systems biology.\" Nat Biotechnol 26:1155-1160."}],"proteins":[{"created_at":"2011-05-24T21:01:35.000Z","updated_at":"2011-07-22T17:53:43.000Z","name":"Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic","uniprot_id":"P47176","uniprot_name":"BCA2_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"BAT2","num_residues":376,"molecular_weight":"41624.39844","theoretical_pi":"7.36","general_function":"Involved in catalytic activity","specific_function":"Catalyzes the first reaction in the catabolism of the essential branched chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine. Involved in cell cycle regulation","reactions":[{"id":1152,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1678,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1712,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2045,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2358,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Mitochondrion matrix;Cytoplasm","altext":"L-leucine + 2-oxoglutarate = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-glutamate.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2359,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Mitochondrion matrix;Cytoplasm","altext":"2-oxoglutaric acid + L-isoleucine = (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid + L-glutamic acid.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2360,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Mitochondrion matrix;Cytoplasm","altext":"2-oxoglutaric acid + L-valine = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid + L-glutamic acid.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":14458,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006970","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14459,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006974","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14460,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006978","source":"Smpdb"}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":"Cytoplasm","genbank_gene_id":"Z49648","genbank_protein_id":"1015897","gene_card_id":"BAT2","chromosome_location":"chromosome 10","locus":"YJR148W","synonyms":["BCAT","Protein TWT2"],"enzyme_classes":["2.6.1.42"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity, transferring nitrogenous groups"},{"category":"Function","description":" transaminase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" branched-chain-amino-acid transaminase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" branched chain family amino acid metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular amino acid and derivative metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular amino acid metabolic process"}],"pfams":[{"name":"Aminotran_4","identifier":"PF01063"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation","kegg_map_id":"00280"},{"name":"Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis","kegg_map_id":"00290"},{"name":"Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis","kegg_map_id":"00770"},{"name":"Isoleucine degradation","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"Leucine Degradation","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"Valine Degradation","kegg_map_id":null}],"gene_sequence":"ATGACCTTGGCACCCCTAGACGCCTCCAAAGTTAAGATAACTACCACACAACATGCATCTAAGCCAAAACCGAACAGTGAGTTAGTGTTTGGCAAGAGCTTCACGGACCACATGTTAACTGCGGAATGGACAGCTGAAAAAGGGTGGGGTACCCCAGAGATTAAACCTTATCAAAATCTGTCTTTAGACCCTTCCGCGGTGGTTTTCCATTATGCTTTTGAGCTATTCGAAGGGATGAAGGCTTACAGAACGGTGGACAACAAAATTACAATGTTTCGTCCAGATATGAATATGAAGCGCATGAATAAGTCTGCTCAGAGAATCTGTTTGCCAACGTTCGACCCAGAAGAGTTGATTACCCTAATTGGGAAACTGATCCAGCAAGATAAGTGCTTAGTTCCTGAAGGAAAAGGTTACTCTTTATATATCAGGCCTACATTAATCGGCACTACGGCCGGTTTAGGGGTTTCCACGCCTGATAGAGCCTTGCTATATGTCATTTGCTGCCCTGTGGGTCCTTATTACAAAACTGGATTTAAGGCGGTCAGACTGGAAGCCACTGATTATGCCACAAGAGCTTGGCCAGGAGGCTGTGGTGACAAGAAACTAGGTGCAAACTACGCCCCCTGCGTCCTGCCACAATTGCAAGCTGCTTCAAGGGGTTACCAACAAAATTTATGGCTATTTGGTCCAAATAACAACATTACTGAAGTCGGCACCATGAATGCTTTTTTCGTGTTTAAAGATAGTAAAACGGGCAAGAAGGAACTAGTTACTGCTCCACTAGACGGTACCATTTTGGAAGGTGTTACTAGGGATTCCATTTTAAATCTTGCTAAAGAAAGACTCGAACCAAGTGAATGGACCATTAGTGAACGCTACTTCACTATAGGCGAAGTTACTGAGAGATCCAAGAACGGTGAACTACTTGAAGCCTTTGGTTCTGGTACTGCTGCGATTGTTTCTCCCATTAAGGAAATCGGCTGGAAAGGCGAACAAATTAATATTCCGTTGTTGCCCGGCGAACAAACCGGTCCATTGGCCAAAGAAGTTGCACAATGGATTAATGGAATCCAATATGGCGAGACTGAGCATGGCAATTGGTCAAGGGTTGTTACTGATTTGAACTGA","protein_sequence":"MTLAPLDASKVKITTTQHASKPKPNSELVFGKSFTDHMLTAEWTAEKGWGTPEIKPYQNLSLDPSAVVFHYAFELFEGMKAYRTVDNKITMFRPDMNMKRMNKSAQRICLPTFDPEELITLIGKLIQQDKCLVPEGKGYSLYIRPTLIGTTAGLGVSTPDRALLYVICCPVGPYYKTGFKAVRLEATDYATRAWPGGCGDKKLGANYAPCVLPQLQAASRGYQQNLWLFGPNNNITEVGTMNAFFVFKDSKTGKKELVTAPLDGTILEGVTRDSILNLAKERLEPSEWTISERYFTIGEVTERSKNGELLEAFGSGTAAIVSPIKEIGWKGEQINIPLLPGEQTGPLAKEVAQWINGIQYGETEHGNWSRVVTDLN"},{"created_at":"2011-05-24T21:06:51.000Z","updated_at":"2011-07-22T17:53:43.000Z","name":"Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, mitochondrial","uniprot_id":"P38891","uniprot_name":"BCA1_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"BAT1","num_residues":393,"molecular_weight":"43595.69922","theoretical_pi":"9.27","general_function":"Involved in catalytic activity","specific_function":"Catalyzes the first reaction in the catabolism of the essential branched chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine. Appears to be involved in the regulation of the transition from G1 to S phase in the cell cycle. High copy suppressor of a temperature-sensitive mutation in the ABC transporter, ATM1","reactions":[{"id":1152,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1678,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1712,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2046,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2358,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Mitochondrion matrix;Cytoplasm","altext":"L-leucine + 2-oxoglutarate = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-glutamate.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2359,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Mitochondrion matrix;Cytoplasm","altext":"2-oxoglutaric acid + L-isoleucine = (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid + L-glutamic acid.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2360,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Mitochondrion matrix;Cytoplasm","altext":"2-oxoglutaric acid + L-valine = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid + L-glutamic acid.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":14455,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006969","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14456,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006973","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14457,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006977","source":"Smpdb"}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":"Mitochondrion matrix","genbank_gene_id":"AY558111","genbank_protein_id":"45270112","gene_card_id":"BAT1","chromosome_location":"chromosome 8","locus":"YHR208W","synonyms":["BCAT","Protein ECA39","Protein TWT1"],"enzyme_classes":["2.6.1.42"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity, transferring nitrogenous groups"},{"category":"Function","description":" transaminase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" branched-chain-amino-acid transaminase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" branched chain family amino acid metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular amino acid and derivative metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular amino acid metabolic process"}],"pfams":[{"name":"Aminotran_4","identifier":"PF01063"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation","kegg_map_id":"00280"},{"name":"Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis","kegg_map_id":"00290"},{"name":"Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis","kegg_map_id":"00770"},{"name":"Isoleucine degradation","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"Leucine Degradation","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"Valine Degradation","kegg_map_id":null}],"gene_sequence":"ATGTTGCAGAGACATTCCTTGAAGTTGGGGAAATTCTCCATCAGAACACTCGCTACTGGTGCCCCATTAGATGCATCCAAACTAAAAATTACTAGAAACCCAAATCCATCCAAGCCAAGACCAAATGAAGAATTAGTGTTCGGCCAGACATTCACCGATCATATGTTGACCATTCCTTGGTCAGCCAAAGAAGGGTGGGGCACTCCACACATCAAGCCTTACGGTAATCTTTCTCTTGACCCATCTGCTTGTGTATTCCATTATGCATTTGAATTATTTGAAGGTTTGAAAGCCTACAGAACTCCTCAAAATACTATCACCATGTTCCGTCCGGATAAGAACATGGCCCGTATGAACAAGTCTGCCGCTAGAATTTGTTTGCCAACTTTCGAATCTGAAGAATTGATCAAACTTACCGGGAAATTGATCGAACAAGATAAACACTTGGTTCCTCAAGGTAATGGTTACTCATTATACATCAGACCAACAATGATTGGTACATCCAAGGGTTTAGGTGTTGGCACTCCCTCCGAGGCTCTTCTTTATGTTATTACTTCTCCAGTCGGTCCTTATTATAAGACTGGTTTCAAAGCCGTACGTCTTGAAGCAACAGACTATGCTACAAGAGCTTGGCCAGGTGGTGTTGGCGACAAAAAATTGGGTGCTAACTATGCCCCATGCATCTTACCTCAACTACAAGCTGCCAAAAGAGGGTACCAACAAAATCTATGGTTGTTCGGCCCAGAAAAGAACATCACTGAGGTTGGTACTATGAACGTGTTCTTCGTTTTCCTCAACAAAGTCACTGGCAAGAAGGAATTGGTTACCGCTCCATTAGATGGTACCATTTTAGAAGGTGTTACCAGAGACTCTGTTTTAACATTGGCTCGTGACAAACTAGATCCTCAAGAATGGGACATCAACGAGCGTTATTACACTATTACTGAAGTCGCCACTAGAGCAAAACAAGGTGAACTATTAGAAGCCTTCGGTTCTGGTACTGCTGCTGTCGTTTCACCTATCAAGGAAATTGGCTGGAACAACGAAGATATTCATGTTCCACTATTGCCTGGTGAACAATGTGGTGCATTGACCAAGCAAGTTGCTCAATGGATTGCTGATATCCAATACGGTAGAGTCAATTATGGTAACTGGTCAAAAACTGTTGCCGACTTGAACTAA","protein_sequence":"MLQRHSLKLGKFSIRTLATGAPLDASKLKITRNPNPSKPRPNEELVFGQTFTDHMLTIPWSAKEGWGTPHIKPYGNLSLDPSACVFHYAFELFEGLKAYRTPQNTITMFRPDKNMARMNKSAARICLPTFESEELIKLTGKLIEQDKHLVPQGNGYSLYIRPTMIGTSKGLGVGTPSEALLYVITSPVGPYYKTGFKAVRLEATDYATRAWPGGVGDKKLGANYAPCILPQLQAAKRGYQQNLWLFGPEKNITEVGTMNVFFVFLNKVTGKKELVTAPLDGTILEGVTRDSVLTLARDKLDPQEWDINERYYTITEVATRAKQGELLEAFGSGTAAVVSPIKEIGWNNEDIHVPLLPGEQCGALTKQVAQWIADIQYGRVNYGNWSKTVADLN"},{"created_at":"2011-05-27T01:57:53.000Z","updated_at":"2011-07-22T17:53:47.000Z","name":"3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase","uniprot_id":"P04173","uniprot_name":"LEU3_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"LEU2","num_residues":364,"molecular_weight":"38952.5","theoretical_pi":"5.48","general_function":"Involved in magnesium ion binding","specific_function":"Catalyzes the oxidation of 3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-4- methylpentanoate (3-isopropylmalate) to 3-carboxy-4-methyl-2- oxopentanoate. The product decarboxylates to 4-methyl-2 oxopentanoate","reactions":[{"id":1183,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2649,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm","altext":"(2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate + NAD(+) = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + CO(2) + NADH.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":"Cytoplasm","genbank_gene_id":"X03840","genbank_protein_id":"4698","gene_card_id":"LEU2","chromosome_location":"chromosome 3","locus":"YCL018W","synonyms":["3-IPM-DH","IMDH","Beta-IPM dehydrogenase"],"enzyme_classes":["1.1.1.85"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" intracellular part"},{"category":"Component","description":" cytoplasm"},{"category":"Component","description":" cell part"},{"category":"Function","description":" nucleotide binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" cation binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" metal ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" oxidoreductase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" magnesium ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH-OH group of donors"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor"},{"category":"Function","description":" NAD or NADH binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" oxidation reduction"},{"category":"Process","description":" metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" branched chain family amino acid metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular amino acid and derivative metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" leucine metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular amino acid metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" leucine biosynthetic process"}],"pfams":[{"name":"Iso_dh","identifier":"PF00180"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis","kegg_map_id":"00290"}],"gene_sequence":"ATGTCTGCCCCTAAGAAGATCGTCGTTTTGCCAGGTGACCACGTTGGTCAAGAAATCACAGCCGAAGCCATTAAGGTTCTTAAAGCTATTTCTGATGTTCGTTCCAATGTCAAGTTCGATTTCGAAAATCATTTAATTGGTGGTGCTGCTATCGATGCTACAGGTGTCCCACTTCCAGATGAGGCGCTGGAAGCCTCCAAGAAGGTTGATGCCGTTTTGTTAGGTGCTGTGGGTGGTCCTAAATGGGGTACCGGTAGTGTTAGACCTGAACAAGGTTTACTAAAAATCCGTAAAGAACTTCAATTGTACGCCAACTTAAGACCATGTAACTTTGCATCCGACTCTCTTTTAGACTTATCTCCAATCAAGCCACAATTTGCTAAAGGTACTGACTTCGTTGTTGTCAGAGAATTAGTGGGAGGTATTTACTTTGGTAAGAGAAAGGAAGACGATGGTGATGGTGTCGCTTGGGATAGTGAACAATACACCGTTCCAGAAGTGCAAAGAATCACAAGAATGGCCGCTTTCATGGCCCTACAACATGAGCCACCATTGCCTATTTGGTCCTTGGATAAAGCTAATGTTTTGGCCTCTTCAAGATTATGGAGAAAAACTGTGGAGGAAACCATCAAGAACGAATTCCCTACATTGAAGGTTCAACATCAATTGATTGATTCTGCCGCCATGATCCTAGTTAAGAACCCAACCCACCTAAATGGTATTATAATCACCAGCAACATGTTTGGTGATATCATCTCCGATGAAGCCTCCGTTATCCCAGGTTCCTTGGGTTTGTTGCCATCTGCGTCCTTGGCCTCTTTGCCAGACAAGAACACCGCATTTGGTTTGTACGAACCATGCCACGGTTCTGCTCCAGATTTGCCAAAGAATAAGGTCAACCCTATCGCCACTATCTTGTCTGCTGCAATGATGTTGAAATTGTCATTGAACTTGCCTGAAGAAGGTAAGGCCATTGAAGATGCAGTTAAAAAGGTTTTGGATGCAGGTATCAGAACTGGTGATTTAGGTGGTTCCAACAGTACCACGGAAGTCGGTGATGCTGTCGCCGAAGAAGTTAAGAAAATCCTTGCTTAA","protein_sequence":"MSAPKKIVVLPGDHVGQEITAEAIKVLKAISDVRSNVKFDFENHLIGGAAIDATGVPLPDEALEASKKADAVLLGAVGGPKWGTGSVRPEQGLLKIRKELQLYANLRPCNFASDSLLDLSPIKPQFAKGTDFVVVRELVGGIYFGKRKEDDGDGVAWDSEQYTVPEVQRITRMAAFMALQHEPPLPIWSLDKANVLASSRLWRKTVEETIKNEFPTLKVQHQLIDSAAMILVKNPTHLNGIIITSNMFGDIISDEASVIPGSLGLLPSASLASLPDKNTAFGLYEPCHGSAPDLPKNKVNPIATILSAAMMLKLSLNLPEEGKAIEDAVKKVLDAGIRTGDLGGSNSTTEVGDAVAEEVKKILA"}]}