{"ymdb_id":"YMDB00365","created_at":"2011-05-29T18:10:03.000Z","updated_at":"2016-09-08T18:35:24.000Z","name":"Alpha-Ketoisovaleric acid","cas":"759-05-7","state":"Solid","melting_point":"31.5 oC","description":"alpha-Ketoisovaleric acid (3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate) is a branched chain organic acid and a precursor to leucine and valine synthesis. It is also a degradation product from valine and the starting compound for R-pantothenate (vitamin B5) biosynthesis pathway. The enzyme dihydroxy-acid dehydratase catalyzes the fourth step in the biosynthesis of isoleucine and valine, through the dehydration of 2,3-dihydroxy-isovaleic acid into alpha-ketoisovaleric acid.","experimental_water_solubility":"","experimental_logp_hydrophobicity":"","location":"mitochondrion;cytoplasm","synthesis_reference":"Pirrung, Michael C.; Ha, Hyun Joon; Holmes, Christopher P. Purification and inhibition of spinach a,b-dihydroxyacid dehydratase . Journal of Organic Chemistry  (1989),  54(7),  1543-8. ","chebi_id":"16530","hmdb_id":"HMDB00019","kegg_id":"C00141","pubchem_id":"49","cs_id":"48","foodb_id":null,"wikipedia_link":"Alpha-Ketoisovaleric_acid","biocyc_id":"2-KETO-ISOVALERATE","iupac":"3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid","traditional_iupac":"α-ketoisovalerate","logp":"1.3093960786666665","pka":null,"alogps_solubility":"3.02e+01 g/l","alogps_logp":"0.49","alogps_logs":"-0.59","acceptor_count":"3","donor_count":"1","rotatable_bond_count":"2","polar_surface_area":"54.37","refractivity":"27.191100000000002","polarizability":"11.043255629982493","formal_charge":"0","physiological_charge":"-1","pka_strongest_basic":"-9.71868553071473","pka_strongest_acidic":"3.3715855069017753","bioavailability":"1","number_of_rings":"0","rule_of_five":"1","ghose_filter":"0","veber_rule":"0","mddr_like_rule":"0","synonyms":["2-keto-3-Methylbutyrate","2-keto-3-Methylbutyric acid","2-keto-isovalerate","2-Ketoisovalerate","2-Ketoisovaleric acid","2-ketovaline","2-Oxo-3-methylbutanoate","2-Oxo-3-methylbutanoic acid","2-Oxo-3-methylbutyrate","2-Oxo-3-methylbutyric acid","2-oxoisopentanoate","2-Oxoisovalerate","2-Oxoisovaleric acid","3-methyl-2-oxo-Butanoate","3-methyl-2-oxo-Butanoic acid","3-methyl-2-oxo-Butyrate","3-methyl-2-oxo-Butyric acid","3-Methyl-2-oxobutanoate","3-Methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid","3-Methyl-2-oxobutinoate","3-Methyl-2-oxobutinoic acid","3-Methyl-2-oxobutyrate","3-Methyl-2-oxobutyric acid","a-keto-b-Methylbutyrate","a-keto-b-Methylbutyric acid","a-keto-Isovalerate","a-keto-Isovaleric acid","a-Ketoisovalerate","a-ketoisovaleric acid","a-Oxo-b-methylbutyrate","a-Oxo-b-methylbutyric acid","a-Oxoisovalerate","a-Oxoisovaleric acid","alpha-keto-beta-Methylbutyrate","alpha-keto-beta-Methylbutyric acid","alpha-keto-Isovalerate","alpha-keto-Isovaleric acid","alpha-keto-valine","alpha-ketoisopentanoic acid","alpha-Ketoisovalerate","alpha-Ketoisovaleric acid","alpha-ketovaline","alpha-Oxo-beta-methylbutyrate","alpha-Oxo-beta-methylbutyric acid","alpha-Oxoisovalerate","alpha-Oxoisovaleric acid","Dimethylpyruvate","Dimethylpyruvic acid","Isopropylglyoxylate","Isopropylglyoxylic acid","Ketovaline"],"pathways":[{"name":"Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis","kegg_map_id":"00290"},{"name":"Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation","kegg_map_id":"00280"},{"name":"Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis","kegg_map_id":"00770"},{"name":"Pyruvate metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00620"},{"name":"Valine Degradation","kegg_map_id":null}],"growth_conditions":[],"references":[{"pubmed_id":21051339,"citation":"UniProt Consortium (2011). \"Ongoing and future developments at the Universal Protein Resource.\" Nucleic Acids Res 39:D214-D219."},{"pubmed_id":21062828,"citation":"Scheer, M., Grote, A., Chang, A., Schomburg, I., Munaretto, C., Rother, M., Sohngen, C., Stelzer, M., Thiele, J., Schomburg, D. (2011). \"BRENDA, the enzyme information system in 2011.\" Nucleic Acids Res 39:D670-D676."},{"pubmed_id":18846089,"citation":"Herrgard, M. J., Swainston, N., Dobson, P., Dunn, W. B., Arga, K. Y., Arvas, M., Bluthgen, N., Borger, S., Costenoble, R., Heinemann, M., Hucka, M., Le Novere, N., Li, P., Liebermeister, W., Mo, M. L., Oliveira, A. P., Petranovic, D., Pettifer, S., Simeonidis, E., Smallbone, K., Spasic, I., Weichart, D., Brent, R., Broomhead, D. S., Westerhoff, H. V., Kirdar, B., Penttila, M., Klipp, E., Palsson, B. O., Sauer, U., Oliver, S. G., Mendes, P., Nielsen, J., Kell, D. B. (2008). \"A consensus yeast metabolic network reconstruction obtained from a community approach to systems biology.\" Nat Biotechnol 26:1155-1160."},{"pubmed_id":6090272,"citation":"Chang, L. F., Cunningham, T. S., Gatzek, P. R., Chen, W. J., Kohlhaw, G. B. (1984). \"Cloning and characterization of yeast Leu4, one of two genes responsible for alpha-isopropylmalate synthesis.\" Genetics 108:91-106."},{"pubmed_id":9748245,"citation":"Dickinson, J. R., Harrison, S. J., Hewlins, M. J. (1998). \"An investigation of the metabolism of valine to isobutyl alcohol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.\" J Biol Chem 273:25751-25756."},{"pubmed_id":12902239,"citation":"Vuralhan, Z., Morais, M. A., Tai, S. L., Piper, M. D., Pronk, J. T. (2003). \"Identification and characterization of phenylpyruvate decarboxylase genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.\" Appl Environ Microbiol 69:4534-4541."}],"proteins":[{"created_at":"2011-05-24T20:26:42.000Z","updated_at":"2011-07-22T17:53:52.000Z","name":"Pyruvate decarboxylase isozyme 2","uniprot_id":"P16467","uniprot_name":"PDC5_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"PDC5","num_residues":563,"molecular_weight":"61911.60156","theoretical_pi":"6.4","general_function":"Involved in magnesium ion binding","specific_function":"Second most abundant of three pyruvate decarboxylases (PDC1, PDC5, PDC6) implicated in the nonoxidative conversion of pyruvate to acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide during alcoholic fermentation. Most of the produced acetaldehyde is subsequently reduced to ethanol, but some is required for cytosolic acetyl-CoA production for biosynthetic pathways. The enzyme is also one of five 2-oxo acid decarboxylases (PDC1, PDC5, PDC6, ARO10, and THI3) able to decarboxylate more complex 2-oxo acids (alpha-keto-acids) than pyruvate, which seem mainly involved in amino acid catabolism. Here the enzyme catalyzes the decarboxylation of amino acids, which, in a first step, have been transaminated to the corresponding 2-oxo acids. In a third step, the resulting aldehydes are reduced to alcohols, collectively referred to as fusel oils or alcohols. Its preferred substrates are the transaminated amino acids valine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan, whereas leucine is no substrate. In a side-reaction the carbanionic intermediate (or active aldehyde) generated by decarboxylation or by activation of an aldehyde can react with an aldehyde via condensation (or carboligation) yielding a 2-hydroxy ketone, collectively called acyloins","reactions":[{"id":1184,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1186,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1228,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1658,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1841,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1933,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1934,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2319,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm;Nucleus","altext":"A 2-oxo acid = an aldehyde + CO(2).","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2320,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm","altext":"3-(indol-3-yl)pyruvate = 2-(indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde + CO(2).","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2321,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm","altext":"Phenylpyruvate = phenylacetaldehyde + CO(2).","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2322,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm","altext":"Pyruvate = Acetaldehyde + CO(2).","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2323,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm","altext":"A 2-oxo acid + an aldehyde = A 2-hydroxy ketone + CO(2).","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2324,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm","altext":"An aldehyde + an aldehyde = A 2-hydroxy ketone.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":14096,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006520","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14097,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006525","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14098,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006537","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14099,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006557","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14100,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006971","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14101,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006979","source":"Smpdb"}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus","genbank_gene_id":"U53881","genbank_protein_id":"1256902","gene_card_id":"PDC5","chromosome_location":"chromosome 12","locus":"YLR134W","synonyms":[],"enzyme_classes":["4.1.1.-","4.1.1.1"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" carboxy-lyase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" cation binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" metal ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" vitamin binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" magnesium ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" thiamin pyrophosphate binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" lyase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" carbon-carbon lyase activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" Not Available"}],"pfams":[{"name":"TPP_enzyme_C","identifier":"PF02775"},{"name":"TPP_enzyme_M","identifier":"PF00205"},{"name":"TPP_enzyme_N","identifier":"PF02776"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis","kegg_map_id":"00010"},{"name":"Ethanol fermentation","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"Isoleucine degradation","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"Phenylalanine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00360"},{"name":"Pyruvate metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00620"},{"name":"Tryptophan metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00380"},{"name":"Tyrosine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00350"},{"name":"Valine Degradation","kegg_map_id":null}],"gene_sequence":"ATGTCTGAAATAACCTTAGGTAAATATTTATTTGAAAGATTGAGCCAAGTCAACTGTAACACCGTCTTCGGTTTGCCAGGTGACTTTAACTTGTCTCTTTTGGATAAGCTTTATGAAGTCAAAGGTATGAGATGGGCTGGTAACGCTAACGAATTGAACGCTGCCTATGCTGCTGATGGTTACGCTCGTATCAAGGGTATGTCCTGTATTATTACCACCTTCGGTGTTGGTGAATTGTCTGCTTTGAATGGTATTGCCGGTTCTTACGCTGAACATGTCGGTGTTTTGCACGTTGTTGGTGTTCCATCCATCTCTTCTCAAGCTAAGCAATTGTTGTTGCATCATACCTTGGGTAACGGTGACTTCACTGTTTTCCACAGAATGTCTGCCAACATTTCTGAAACCACTGCCATGATCACTGATATTGCTAACGCTCCAGCTGAAATTGACAGATGTATCAGAACCACCTACACTACCCAAAGACCAGTCTACTTGGGTTTGCCAGCTAACTTGGTTGACTTGAACGTCCCAGCCAAGTTATTGGAAACTCCAATTGACTTGTCTTTGAAGCCAAACGACGCTGAAGCTGAAGCTGAAGTTGTTAGAACTGTTGTTGAATTGATCAAGGATGCTAAGAACCCAGTTATCTTGGCTGATGCTTGTGCTTCTAGACATGATGTCAAGGCTGAAACTAAGAAGTTGATGGACTTGACTCAATTCCCAGTTTACGTCACCCCAATGGGTAAGGGTGCTATTGACGAACAACACCCAAGATACGGTGGTGTTTACGTTGGTACCTTGTCTAGACCAGAAGTTAAGAAGGCTGTAGAATCTGCTGATTTGATATTGTCTATCGGTGCTTTGTTGTCTGATTTCAATACCGGTTCTTTCTCTTACTCCTACAAGACCAAAAATATCGTTGAATTCCACTCTGACCACATCAAGATCAGAAACGCCACCTTCCCAGGTGTTCAAATGAAATTTGCCTTGCAAAAATTGTTGGATGCTATTCCAGAAGTCGTCAAGGACTACAAACCTGTTGCTGTCCCAGCTAGAGTTCCAATTACCAAGTCTACTCCAGCTAACACTCCAATGAAGCAAGAATGGATGTGGAACCATTTGGGTAACTTCTTGAGAGAAGGTGATATTGTTATTGCTGAAACCGGTACTTCCGCCTTCGGTATTAACCAAACTACTTTCCCAACAGATGTATACGCTATCGTCCAAGTCTTGTGGGGTTCCATTGGTTTCACAGTCGGCGCTCTATTGGGTGCTACTATGGCCGCTGAAGAACTTGATCCAAAGAAGAGAGTTATTTTATTCATTGGTGACGGTTCTCTACAATTGACTGTTCAAGAAATCTCTACCATGATTAGATGGGGTTTGAAGCCATACATTTTTGTCTTGAATAACAACGGTTACACCATTGAAAAATTGATTCACGGTCCTCATGCCGAATATAATGAAATTCAAGGTTGGGACCACTTGGCCTTATTGCCAACTTTTGGTGCTAGAAACTACGAAACCCACAGAGTTGCTACCACTGGTGAATGGGAAAAGTTGACTCAAGACAAGGACTTCCAAGACAACTCTAAGATTAGAATGATTGAAGTTATGTTGCCAGTCTTTGATGCTCCACAAAACTTGGTTAAACAAGCTCAATTGACTGCCGCTACTAACGCTAAACAATAA","protein_sequence":"MSEITLGKYLFERLSQVNCNTVFGLPGDFNLSLLDKLYEVKGMRWAGNANELNAAYAADGYARIKGMSCIITTFGVGELSALNGIAGSYAEHVGVLHVVGVPSISSQAKQLLLHHTLGNGDFTVFHRMSANISETTAMITDIANAPAEIDRCIRTTYTTQRPVYLGLPANLVDLNVPAKLLETPIDLSLKPNDAEAEAEVVRTVVELIKDAKNPVILADACASRHDVKAETKKLMDLTQFPVYVTPMGKGAIDEQHPRYGGVYVGTLSRPEVKKAVESADLILSIGALLSDFNTGSFSYSYKTKNIVEFHSDHIKIRNATFPGVQMKFALQKLLDAIPEVVKDYKPVAVPARVPITKSTPANTPMKQEWMWNHLGNFLREGDIVIAETGTSAFGINQTTFPTDVYAIVQVLWGSIGFTVGALLGATMAAEELDPKKRVILFIGDGSLQLTVQEISTMIRWGLKPYIFVLNNNGYTIEKLIHGPHAEYNEIQGWDHLALLPTFGARNYETHRVATTGEWEKLTQDKDFQDNSKIRMIEVMLPVFDAPQNLVKQAQLTAATNAKQ"},{"created_at":"2011-05-24T20:27:16.000Z","updated_at":"2011-07-22T17:53:52.000Z","name":"Pyruvate decarboxylase isozyme 3","uniprot_id":"P26263","uniprot_name":"PDC6_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"PDC6","num_residues":563,"molecular_weight":"61579.89844","theoretical_pi":"6.11","general_function":"Involved in magnesium ion binding","specific_function":"Minor of three pyruvate decarboxylases (PDC1, PDC5, PDC6) implicated in the nonoxidative conversion of pyruvate to acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide during alcoholic fermentation. Most of the produced acetaldehyde is subsequently reduced to ethanol, but some is required for cytosolic acetyl-CoA production for biosynthetic pathways. The enzyme is also one of five 2-oxo acid decarboxylases (PDC1, PDC5, PDC6, ARO10, and THI3) able to decarboxylate more complex 2-oxo acids (alpha-keto-acids) than pyruvate, which seem mainly involved in amino acid catabolism. Here the enzyme catalyzes the decarboxylation of amino acids, which, in a first step, have been transaminated to the corresponding 2-oxo acids. In a third step, the resulting aldehydes are reduced to alcohols, collectively referred to as fusel oils or alcohols. Its preferred substrates are the transaminated amino acids valine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan, whereas leucine is no substrate. In a side-reaction the carbanionic intermediate (or active aldehyde) generated by decarboxylation or by activation of an aldehyde can react with an aldehyde via condensation (or carboligation) yielding a 2-hydroxy ketone, collectively called acyloins. The expression level of this protein in the presence of fermentable carbon sources is so low that it can not compensate for the other two pyruvate decarboxylases to sustain fermentation","reactions":[{"id":1184,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1186,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1228,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1658,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1841,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1933,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1934,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2319,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm;Nucleus","altext":"A 2-oxo acid = an aldehyde + CO(2).","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2320,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm","altext":"3-(indol-3-yl)pyruvate = 2-(indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde + CO(2).","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2321,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm","altext":"Phenylpyruvate = phenylacetaldehyde + CO(2).","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2322,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm","altext":"Pyruvate = Acetaldehyde + CO(2).","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2323,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm","altext":"A 2-oxo acid + an aldehyde = A 2-hydroxy ketone + CO(2).","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2324,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm","altext":"An aldehyde + an aldehyde = A 2-hydroxy ketone.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":14096,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006520","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14097,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006525","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14098,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006537","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14099,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006557","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14100,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006971","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14101,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006979","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14283,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006759","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14285,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006770","source":"Smpdb"}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":"Cytoplasm","genbank_gene_id":"X55905","genbank_protein_id":"4116","gene_card_id":"PDC6","chromosome_location":"chromosome 7","locus":"YGR087C","synonyms":[],"enzyme_classes":["4.1.1.-","4.1.1.1"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" carboxy-lyase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" cation binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" metal ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" vitamin binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" magnesium ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" thiamin pyrophosphate binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" lyase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" carbon-carbon lyase activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" Not Available"}],"pfams":[{"name":"TPP_enzyme_C","identifier":"PF02775"},{"name":"TPP_enzyme_M","identifier":"PF00205"},{"name":"TPP_enzyme_N","identifier":"PF02776"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis","kegg_map_id":"00010"},{"name":"Ethanol fermentation","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"Isoleucine degradation","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"Phenylalanine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00360"},{"name":"Pyruvate metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00620"},{"name":"Tryptophan metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00380"},{"name":"Tyrosine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00350"},{"name":"Valine Biosynthesis","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"Valine Degradation","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"isoleucine biosynthesis","kegg_map_id":null}],"gene_sequence":"ATGTCTGAAATTACTCTTGGAAAATACTTATTTGAAAGATTGAAGCAAGTTAATGTTAACACCATTTTTGGGCTACCAGGCGACTTCAACTTGTCCCTATTGGACAAGATTTACGAGGTAGATGGATTGAGATGGGCTGGTAATGCAAATGAGCTGAACGCCGCCTATGCCGCCGATGGTTACGCACGCATCAAGGGTTTATCTGTGCTGGTAACTACTTTTGGCGTAGGTGAATTATCCGCCTTGAATGGTATTGCAGGATCGTATGCAGAACACGTCGGTGTACTGCATGTTGTTGGTGTCCCCTCTATCTCCGCTCAGGCTAAGCAATTGTTGTTGCATCATACCTTGGGTAACGGTGATTTTACCGTTTTTCACAGAATGTCCGCCAATATCTCAGAAACTACATCAATGATTACAGACATTGCTACAGCCCCTTCAGAAATCGATAGGTTGATCAGGACAACATTTATAACACAAAGGCCTAGCTACTTGGGGTTGCCAGCGAATTTGGTAGATCTAAAGGTTCCTGGTTCTCTTTTGGAAAAACCGATTGATCTATCATTAAAACCTAACGATCCCGAAGCTGAAAAGGAAGTTATTGATACCGTACTAGAATTGATCCAGAATTCGAAAAACCCTGTTATACTATCGGATGCCTGTGCTTCTAGGCACAACGTTAAAAAAGAAACCCAGAAGTTAATTGATTTGACGCAATTCCCAGCTTTTGTGACACCTCTAGGTAAAGGGTCAATAGATGAACAGCATCCCAGATATGGCGGTGTTTATGTGGGAACGCTGTCCAAACAAGACGTGAAACAGGCCGTTGAGTCGGCTGATTTGATCCTTTCGGTCGGTGCTTTGCTCTCTGATTTTAACACAGGTTCGTTTTCCTACTCCTACAAGACTAAAAATGTAGTGGAGTTTCATTCCGATTACGTAAAGGTGAAGAACGCTACGTTCCTCGGTGTACAAATGAAATTTGCACTACAAAACTTACTGAAGGTTATTCCCGATGTTGTTAAGGGCTACAAGAGCGTTCCCGTACCAACCAAAACTCCCGCAAACAAAGGTGTACCTGCTAGCACGCCCTTGAAACAAGAGTGGTTGTGGAACGAATTGTCCAAATTCTTGCAAGAAGGTGATGTTATCATTTCCGAGACCGGCACGTCTGCCTTCGGTATCAATCAAACTATCTTTCCTAAGGACGCCTACGGTATCTCGCAGGTGTTGTGGGGGTCCATCGGTTTTACAACAGGAGCAACTTTAGGTGCTGCCTTTGCCGCTGAGGAGATTGACCCCAACAAGAGAGTCATCTTATTCATAGGTGACGGGTCTTTGCAGTTAACCGTCCAAGAAATCTCCACCATGATCAGATGGGGGTTAAAGCCGTATCTTTTTGTCCTTAACAACGACGGCTACACTATCGAAAAGCTGATTCATGGGCCTCACGCAGAGTACAACGAAATCCAGACCTGGGATCACCTCGCCCTGTTGCCCGCATTTGGTGCGAAAAAGTACGAAAATCACAAGATCGCCACTACGGGTGAGTGGGATGCCTTAACCACTGATTCAGAGTTCCAGAAAAACTCGGTGATCAGACTAATTGAACTGAAACTGCCCGTCTTTGATGCTCCGGAAAGTTTGATCAAACAAGCGCAATTGACTGCCGCTACAAATGCCAAACAATAA","protein_sequence":"MSEITLGKYLFERLKQVNVNTIFGLPGDFNLSLLDKIYEVDGLRWAGNANELNAAYAADGYARIKGLSVLVTTFGVGELSALNGIAGSYAEHVGVLHVVGVPSISAQAKQLLLHHTLGNGDFTVFHRMSANISETTSMITDIATAPSEIDRLIRTTFITQRPSYLGLPANLVDLKVPGSLLEKPIDLSLKPNDPEAEKEVIDTVLELIQNSKNPVILSDACASRHNVKKETQKLIDLTQFPAFVTPLGKGSIDEQHPRYGGVYVGTLSKQDVKQAVESADLILSVGALLSDFNTGSFSYSYKTKNVVEFHSDYVKVKNATFLGVQMKFALQNLLKVIPDVVKGYKSVPVPTKTPANKGVPASTPLKQEWLWNELSKFLQEGDVIISETGTSAFGINQTIFPKDAYGISQVLWGSIGFTTGATLGAAFAAEEIDPNKRVILFIGDGSLQLTVQEISTMIRWGLKPYLFVLNNDGYTIEKLIHGPHAEYNEIQTWDHLALLPAFGAKKYENHKIATTGEWDALTTDSEFQKNSVIRLIELKLPVFDAPESLIKQAQLTAATNAKQ"},{"created_at":"2011-05-24T20:31:18.000Z","updated_at":"2011-07-22T17:53:52.000Z","name":"Pyruvate decarboxylase isozyme 1","uniprot_id":"P06169","uniprot_name":"PDC1_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"PDC1","num_residues":563,"molecular_weight":"61494.89844","theoretical_pi":"6.11","general_function":"Involved in magnesium ion binding","specific_function":"Major of three pyruvate decarboxylases (PDC1, PDC5, PDC6) implicated in the nonoxidative conversion of pyruvate to acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide during alcoholic fermentation. Most of the produced acetaldehyde is subsequently reduced to ethanol, but some is required for cytosolic acetyl-CoA production for biosynthetic pathways. The enzyme is also one of five 2-oxo acid decarboxylases (PDC1, PDC5, PDC6, ARO10, and THI3) able to decarboxylate more complex 2-oxo acids (alpha-ketoacids) than pyruvate, which seem mainly involved in amino acid catabolism. Here the enzyme catalyzes the decarboxylation of amino acids, which, in a first step, have been transaminated to the corresponding 2-oxo acids. In a third step, the resulting aldehydes are reduced to alcohols, collectively referred to as fusel oils or alcohols. Its preferred substrates are the transaminated amino acids valine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan, whereas leucine is no substrate. In a side-reaction the carbanionic intermediate (or active aldehyde) generated by decarboxylation or by activation of an aldehyde can react with an aldehyde via condensation (or carboligation) yielding a 2-hydroxy ketone, collectively called acyloins","reactions":[{"id":1184,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1186,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1228,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1658,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1841,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1933,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1934,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2319,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm;Nucleus","altext":"A 2-oxo acid = an aldehyde + CO(2).","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2320,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm","altext":"3-(indol-3-yl)pyruvate = 2-(indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde + CO(2).","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2321,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm","altext":"Phenylpyruvate = phenylacetaldehyde + CO(2).","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2322,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm","altext":"Pyruvate = Acetaldehyde + CO(2).","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2323,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm","altext":"A 2-oxo acid + an aldehyde = A 2-hydroxy ketone + CO(2).","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2324,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm","altext":"An aldehyde + an aldehyde = A 2-hydroxy ketone.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":14096,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006520","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14097,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006525","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14098,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006537","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14099,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006557","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14100,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006971","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14101,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006979","source":"Smpdb"}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":"1QPB","cellular_location":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus","genbank_gene_id":"X77316","genbank_protein_id":"871533","gene_card_id":"PDC1","chromosome_location":"chromosome 12","locus":"YLR044C","synonyms":[],"enzyme_classes":["4.1.1.-","4.1.1.1"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" carboxy-lyase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" cation binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" metal ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" vitamin binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" magnesium ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" thiamin pyrophosphate binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" lyase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" carbon-carbon lyase activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" Not Available"}],"pfams":[{"name":"TPP_enzyme_C","identifier":"PF02775"},{"name":"TPP_enzyme_M","identifier":"PF00205"},{"name":"TPP_enzyme_N","identifier":"PF02776"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis","kegg_map_id":"00010"},{"name":"Ethanol fermentation","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"Isoleucine degradation","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"Phenylalanine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00360"},{"name":"Pyruvate metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00620"},{"name":"Tryptophan metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00380"},{"name":"Tyrosine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00350"},{"name":"Valine Degradation","kegg_map_id":null}],"gene_sequence":"ATGTCTGAAATTACTTTGGGTAAATATTTGTTCGAAAGATTAAAGCAAGTCAACGTTAACACCGTTTTCGGTTTGCCAGGTGACTTCAACTTGTCCTTGTTGGACAAGATCTACGAAGTTGAAGGTATGAGATGGGCTGGTAACGCCAACGAATTGAACGCTCGTTACGCCGCTGATGGTTACGCTCGTATCAAGGGTATGTCTTGTATCATCACCACCTTCGGTGTCGGTGAATTGTCTGCTTTGAACGGTATTGCCGGTTCTTACGCTGAACACGTCGGTGTTTTGCACGTTGTTGGTGTCCCATCCATCTCTTCTCAAGCTAAGCAATTGTTGTTGCACCACACCTTGGGTAACGGTGACTTCACTGTTTTCCACAGAATGTCTGCCAACATTTCTGAAACCACTGCTATGATCACTGACATCTGTACCGCCCCAGCTGAAATTGACAGATGTATCAGAACCACTTACGTCACCCAAAGACCAGTCTACTTAGGTTTGCCAGCTAACTTGGTCGACTTGAACGTCCCAGCTAAGTTGTTGCAAACTCCAATTGACATGTCTTTGAAGCCAAACGATGCTGAATCCGAAAAGGAAGTCATTGACACCATCTTGGTCTTGGCTAAGGATGCTAAGAACCCAGTTATCTTGGCTGATGCTTGTTGTTCCAGACACGACGTCAAGGCTGAAACTAAGAAGTTGATTGACTTGACTCAATTCCCAGCTTTCGTCACCCCAATGGGTAAGGGTTCCATTAGCGAACAACACCCAAGATACGGTGGTGTTTACGTCGGTACCTTGTCCAAGCCAGAAGTTAAGGAAGCCGTTGAATCTGCTGACTTGATTTTGTCTGTCGGTGCTTTGTTGTCTGATTTCAACACCGGTTCTTTCTCTTACTCTTACAAGACCAAGAACATTGTCGAATTCCACTCCGACCACATGAAGATCAGAAACGCCACTTTCCCAGGTGTCCAAATGAAATTCGTTTTGCAAAAGTTGTTGACCAATATTGCTGACGCCGCTAAGGGTTACAAGCCAGTTGCTGTCCCAGCTAGAACTCCAGCTAACGCTGCTGTCCCAGCTTCTACCCCATTGAAGCAAGAATGGATGTGGAACCAATTGGGTAACTTCTTGCAAGAAGGTGATGTTGTCATTGCTGAAACCGGTACCTCCGCTTTCGGTATCAACCAAACCACTTTCCCAAACAACACCTACGGTATCTCTCAAGTCTTATGGGGTTCCATTGGTTTCACCACTGGTGCTACCTTGGGTGCTGCTTTCGCTGCTGAAGAAATTGATCCAAAGAAGAGAGTTATCTTATTCATTGGTGACGGTTCTTTGCAATTGACTGTTCAAGAAATCTCCACCATGATCAGATGGGGCTTGAAGCCATACTTGTTCGTCTTGAACAACGATGGTTACACCATTGAAAAGTTGATTCACGGTCCAAAGGCTCAATACAACGAAATTCAAGGTTGGGACCACCTATCCTTGTTGCCAACTTTCGGTGCTAAGGACTACGAAACCCACAGAGTCGCTACCACCGGTGAATGGGACAAGTTGACCCAAGACAAGTCTTTCAACGACAACTCTAAGATCAGAATGATTGAGGTTATGTTGCCAGTCTTCGATGCTCCACAAAACTTGGTTGAACAAGCTAAGTTGACTGCTGCTACCAACGCTAAGCAATAA","protein_sequence":"MSEITLGKYLFERLKQVNVNTVFGLPGDFNLSLLDKIYEVEGMRWAGNANELNAAYAADGYARIKGMSCIITTFGVGELSALNGIAGSYAEHVGVLHVVGVPSISAQAKQLLLHHTLGNGDFTVFHRMSANISETTAMITDIATAPAEIDRCIRTTYVTQRPVYLGLPANLVDLNVPAKLLQTPIDMSLKPNDAESEKEVIDTILALVKDAKNPVILADACCSRHDVKAETKKLIDLTQFPAFVTPMGKGSIDEQHPRYGGVYVGTLSKPEVKEAVESADLILSVGALLSDFNTGSFSYSYKTKNIVEFHSDHMKIRNATFPGVQMKFVLQKLLTTIADAAKGYKPVAVPARTPANAAVPASTPLKQEWMWNQLGNFLQEGDVVIAETGTSAFGINQTTFPNNTYGISQVLWGSIGFTTGATLGAAFAAEEIDPKKRVILFIGDGSLQLTVQEISTMIRWGLKPYLFVLNNDGYTIEKLIHGPKAQYNEIQGWDHLSLLPTFGAKDYETHRVATTGEWDKLTQDKSFNDNSKIRMIEIMLPVFDAPQNLVEQAKLTAATNAKQ"},{"created_at":"2011-05-24T21:01:35.000Z","updated_at":"2011-07-22T17:53:43.000Z","name":"Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic","uniprot_id":"P47176","uniprot_name":"BCA2_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"BAT2","num_residues":376,"molecular_weight":"41624.39844","theoretical_pi":"7.36","general_function":"Involved in catalytic activity","specific_function":"Catalyzes the first reaction in the catabolism of the essential branched chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine. Involved in cell cycle regulation","reactions":[{"id":1152,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1678,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1712,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2045,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2358,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Mitochondrion matrix;Cytoplasm","altext":"L-leucine + 2-oxoglutarate = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-glutamate.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2359,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Mitochondrion matrix;Cytoplasm","altext":"2-oxoglutaric acid + L-isoleucine = (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid + L-glutamic acid.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2360,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Mitochondrion matrix;Cytoplasm","altext":"2-oxoglutaric acid + L-valine = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid + L-glutamic acid.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":14458,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006970","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14459,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006974","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14460,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006978","source":"Smpdb"}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":"Cytoplasm","genbank_gene_id":"Z49648","genbank_protein_id":"1015897","gene_card_id":"BAT2","chromosome_location":"chromosome 10","locus":"YJR148W","synonyms":["BCAT","Protein TWT2"],"enzyme_classes":["2.6.1.42"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity, transferring nitrogenous groups"},{"category":"Function","description":" transaminase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" branched-chain-amino-acid transaminase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular amino acid metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" branched chain family amino acid metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular amino acid and derivative metabolic process"}],"pfams":[{"name":"Aminotran_4","identifier":"PF01063"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation","kegg_map_id":"00280"},{"name":"Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis","kegg_map_id":"00290"},{"name":"Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis","kegg_map_id":"00770"},{"name":"Isoleucine degradation","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"Leucine Degradation","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"Valine Degradation","kegg_map_id":null}],"gene_sequence":"ATGACCTTGGCACCCCTAGACGCCTCCAAAGTTAAGATAACTACCACACAACATGCATCTAAGCCAAAACCGAACAGTGAGTTAGTGTTTGGCAAGAGCTTCACGGACCACATGTTAACTGCGGAATGGACAGCTGAAAAAGGGTGGGGTACCCCAGAGATTAAACCTTATCAAAATCTGTCTTTAGACCCTTCCGCGGTGGTTTTCCATTATGCTTTTGAGCTATTCGAAGGGATGAAGGCTTACAGAACGGTGGACAACAAAATTACAATGTTTCGTCCAGATATGAATATGAAGCGCATGAATAAGTCTGCTCAGAGAATCTGTTTGCCAACGTTCGACCCAGAAGAGTTGATTACCCTAATTGGGAAACTGATCCAGCAAGATAAGTGCTTAGTTCCTGAAGGAAAAGGTTACTCTTTATATATCAGGCCTACATTAATCGGCACTACGGCCGGTTTAGGGGTTTCCACGCCTGATAGAGCCTTGCTATATGTCATTTGCTGCCCTGTGGGTCCTTATTACAAAACTGGATTTAAGGCGGTCAGACTGGAAGCCACTGATTATGCCACAAGAGCTTGGCCAGGAGGCTGTGGTGACAAGAAACTAGGTGCAAACTACGCCCCCTGCGTCCTGCCACAATTGCAAGCTGCTTCAAGGGGTTACCAACAAAATTTATGGCTATTTGGTCCAAATAACAACATTACTGAAGTCGGCACCATGAATGCTTTTTTCGTGTTTAAAGATAGTAAAACGGGCAAGAAGGAACTAGTTACTGCTCCACTAGACGGTACCATTTTGGAAGGTGTTACTAGGGATTCCATTTTAAATCTTGCTAAAGAAAGACTCGAACCAAGTGAATGGACCATTAGTGAACGCTACTTCACTATAGGCGAAGTTACTGAGAGATCCAAGAACGGTGAACTACTTGAAGCCTTTGGTTCTGGTACTGCTGCGATTGTTTCTCCCATTAAGGAAATCGGCTGGAAAGGCGAACAAATTAATATTCCGTTGTTGCCCGGCGAACAAACCGGTCCATTGGCCAAAGAAGTTGCACAATGGATTAATGGAATCCAATATGGCGAGACTGAGCATGGCAATTGGTCAAGGGTTGTTACTGATTTGAACTGA","protein_sequence":"MTLAPLDASKVKITTTQHASKPKPNSELVFGKSFTDHMLTAEWTAEKGWGTPEIKPYQNLSLDPSAVVFHYAFELFEGMKAYRTVDNKITMFRPDMNMKRMNKSAQRICLPTFDPEELITLIGKLIQQDKCLVPEGKGYSLYIRPTLIGTTAGLGVSTPDRALLYVICCPVGPYYKTGFKAVRLEATDYATRAWPGGCGDKKLGANYAPCVLPQLQAASRGYQQNLWLFGPNNNITEVGTMNAFFVFKDSKTGKKELVTAPLDGTILEGVTRDSILNLAKERLEPSEWTISERYFTIGEVTERSKNGELLEAFGSGTAAIVSPIKEIGWKGEQINIPLLPGEQTGPLAKEVAQWINGIQYGETEHGNWSRVVTDLN"},{"created_at":"2011-05-24T21:06:51.000Z","updated_at":"2011-07-22T17:53:43.000Z","name":"Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, mitochondrial","uniprot_id":"P38891","uniprot_name":"BCA1_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"BAT1","num_residues":393,"molecular_weight":"43595.69922","theoretical_pi":"9.27","general_function":"Involved in catalytic activity","specific_function":"Catalyzes the first reaction in the catabolism of the essential branched chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine. Appears to be involved in the regulation of the transition from G1 to S phase in the cell cycle. High copy suppressor of a temperature-sensitive mutation in the ABC transporter, ATM1","reactions":[{"id":1152,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1678,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1712,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2046,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2358,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Mitochondrion matrix;Cytoplasm","altext":"L-leucine + 2-oxoglutarate = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-glutamate.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2359,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Mitochondrion matrix;Cytoplasm","altext":"2-oxoglutaric acid + L-isoleucine = (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid + L-glutamic acid.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2360,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Mitochondrion matrix;Cytoplasm","altext":"2-oxoglutaric acid + L-valine = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid + L-glutamic acid.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":14455,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006969","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14456,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006973","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14457,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006977","source":"Smpdb"}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":"Mitochondrion matrix","genbank_gene_id":"AY558111","genbank_protein_id":"45270112","gene_card_id":"BAT1","chromosome_location":"chromosome 8","locus":"YHR208W","synonyms":["BCAT","Protein ECA39","Protein TWT1"],"enzyme_classes":["2.6.1.42"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity, transferring nitrogenous groups"},{"category":"Function","description":" transaminase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" branched-chain-amino-acid transaminase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular amino acid metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" branched chain family amino acid metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular amino acid and derivative metabolic process"}],"pfams":[{"name":"Aminotran_4","identifier":"PF01063"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation","kegg_map_id":"00280"},{"name":"Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis","kegg_map_id":"00290"},{"name":"Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis","kegg_map_id":"00770"},{"name":"Isoleucine degradation","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"Leucine Degradation","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"Valine Degradation","kegg_map_id":null}],"gene_sequence":"ATGTTGCAGAGACATTCCTTGAAGTTGGGGAAATTCTCCATCAGAACACTCGCTACTGGTGCCCCATTAGATGCATCCAAACTAAAAATTACTAGAAACCCAAATCCATCCAAGCCAAGACCAAATGAAGAATTAGTGTTCGGCCAGACATTCACCGATCATATGTTGACCATTCCTTGGTCAGCCAAAGAAGGGTGGGGCACTCCACACATCAAGCCTTACGGTAATCTTTCTCTTGACCCATCTGCTTGTGTATTCCATTATGCATTTGAATTATTTGAAGGTTTGAAAGCCTACAGAACTCCTCAAAATACTATCACCATGTTCCGTCCGGATAAGAACATGGCCCGTATGAACAAGTCTGCCGCTAGAATTTGTTTGCCAACTTTCGAATCTGAAGAATTGATCAAACTTACCGGGAAATTGATCGAACAAGATAAACACTTGGTTCCTCAAGGTAATGGTTACTCATTATACATCAGACCAACAATGATTGGTACATCCAAGGGTTTAGGTGTTGGCACTCCCTCCGAGGCTCTTCTTTATGTTATTACTTCTCCAGTCGGTCCTTATTATAAGACTGGTTTCAAAGCCGTACGTCTTGAAGCAACAGACTATGCTACAAGAGCTTGGCCAGGTGGTGTTGGCGACAAAAAATTGGGTGCTAACTATGCCCCATGCATCTTACCTCAACTACAAGCTGCCAAAAGAGGGTACCAACAAAATCTATGGTTGTTCGGCCCAGAAAAGAACATCACTGAGGTTGGTACTATGAACGTGTTCTTCGTTTTCCTCAACAAAGTCACTGGCAAGAAGGAATTGGTTACCGCTCCATTAGATGGTACCATTTTAGAAGGTGTTACCAGAGACTCTGTTTTAACATTGGCTCGTGACAAACTAGATCCTCAAGAATGGGACATCAACGAGCGTTATTACACTATTACTGAAGTCGCCACTAGAGCAAAACAAGGTGAACTATTAGAAGCCTTCGGTTCTGGTACTGCTGCTGTCGTTTCACCTATCAAGGAAATTGGCTGGAACAACGAAGATATTCATGTTCCACTATTGCCTGGTGAACAATGTGGTGCATTGACCAAGCAAGTTGCTCAATGGATTGCTGATATCCAATACGGTAGAGTCAATTATGGTAACTGGTCAAAAACTGTTGCCGACTTGAACTAA","protein_sequence":"MLQRHSLKLGKFSIRTLATGAPLDASKLKITRNPNPSKPRPNEELVFGQTFTDHMLTIPWSAKEGWGTPHIKPYGNLSLDPSACVFHYAFELFEGLKAYRTPQNTITMFRPDKNMARMNKSAARICLPTFESEELIKLTGKLIEQDKHLVPQGNGYSLYIRPTMIGTSKGLGVGTPSEALLYVITSPVGPYYKTGFKAVRLEATDYATRAWPGGVGDKKLGANYAPCILPQLQAAKRGYQQNLWLFGPEKNITEVGTMNVFFVFLNKVTGKKELVTAPLDGTILEGVTRDSVLTLARDKLDPQEWDINERYYTITEVATRAKQGELLEAFGSGTAAVVSPIKEIGWNNEDIHVPLLPGEQCGALTKQVAQWIADIQYGRVNYGNWSKTVADLN"},{"created_at":"2011-05-24T21:21:31.000Z","updated_at":"2011-07-22T17:53:43.000Z","name":"2-isopropylmalate synthase 2, mitochondrial","uniprot_id":"Q12166","uniprot_name":"LEU9_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"LEU9","num_residues":604,"molecular_weight":"67199.60156","theoretical_pi":"6.75","general_function":"Involved in 2-isopropylmalate synthase activity","specific_function":"Catalyzes the condensation of the acetyl group of acetyl-CoA with 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate (2-oxoisovalerate) to form 3-carboxy-3-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate (2-isopropylmalate). Redundant to LEU4, responsible of about 20% of alpha-IPMS activity. Involved in leucine synthesis","reactions":[{"id":1148,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2382,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Mitochondrion. Cytoplasm;Mitochondrion","altext":"Acetyl-CoA + 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + H(2)O = (2S)-2-isopropylmalate + CoA.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":14128,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006565","source":"Smpdb"}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":"Mitochondrion","genbank_gene_id":"X94335","genbank_protein_id":"1262141","gene_card_id":"LEU9","chromosome_location":"chromosome 15","locus":"YOR108W","synonyms":["Alpha-IPM synthase 2","Alpha-isopropylmalate synthase 2","Alpha-isopropylmalate synthase II"],"enzyme_classes":["2.3.3.13"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity, transferring acyl groups"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity, transferring acyl groups, acyl groups converted into alkyl on transfer"},{"category":"Function","description":" 2-isopropylmalate synthase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular amino acid metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" organic acid metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" oxoacid metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" carboxylic acid metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" branched chain family amino acid metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" leucine metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" leucine biosynthetic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular amino acid and derivative metabolic process"}],"pfams":[{"name":"HMGL-like","identifier":"PF00682"},{"name":"LeuA_dimer","identifier":"PF08502"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis","kegg_map_id":"00290"},{"name":"Pyruvate metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00620"}],"gene_sequence":"ATGGTAAAACATTCGTTCATAGCGCTAGCTGAGCATGCTAGTAAACTAAGAAGGTCTATCCCACCCGTCAAACTGACTTATAAAAATATGCTACGGGACCCATCGGTAAAATATAGGGCGTTTGCTCCACCAAAAATGGTCAAGAGGATTTGGCCTGACAAAACTATTCAAAAGGCTCCACGTTGGCTGTCTACTGACTTGAGGGACGGTAATCAATCTTTACCGGACCCAATGTCTGTGGCTCAAAAGAAAGAATATTTCCACAAGTTGATCAACATCGGTTTCAAAGAAATCGAAGTGTCTTTCCCCTCTGCATCTCAAACAGATTTCGACTTCACCAGGTATGCTGTAGAAAACGCTCCAGATGATGTTGGTATTCAATGTCTTGTCCAATCTAGAGAACACTTGATTAAAAGAACCGTGGAAGCATTGACTGGTGCTAAAAGGGCTACCATACATACTTACTTGGCCACAAGTGACATGTTCCGAGAAATTGTCTTCAATATGTCTAGAGAGGAAGCTATTTCTAAAGCTGTAGAAGCCACCAAACTGGTTAGGAAACTAACCAAGGATGACCCTTCCCAGCAAGCTACTCGTTGGTCCTATGAGTTTTCTCCCGAATGTTTCAGTGATACGCCAGGTGAATTTGCTGTAGAAATTTGTGAAGCTGTTAAAAAGGCTTGGGAACCTACCGAGGAAAATCCGATCATTTTCAACTTACCAGCTACTGTAGAAGTTGCCTCTCCAAATGTTTACGCTGATCAAATTGAGTACTTCTCTACCCACATTACTGAGCGTGAGAAGGTCTGTATTTCTACGCATTGTCACAATGACCGTGGTTGCGGTGTCGCCGCCACAGAATTAGGTATGCTTGCAGGCGCTGATCGTGTAGAAGGTTGTCTATTTGGTAATGGTGAACGTACAGGTAATGTTGATTTGGTTACAGTTGCCATGAATATGTATACCCAAGGTGTTTCTCCTAATTTAGATTTCTCAGATTTAACTTCAATTTCTGAAATTGTCCATCGCTGTAACAAGATTCCAATTCCCCCAAGAGCCCCATATGGCGGTGAATTGGTTGTTTCTGCCTTTTCTGGTTCTCATCAGGATGCAATTAAGAAGGGATTTGCAATCCAAAACAAGAAACAGGCTCAAGGAGAAACTCGGTGGAGAATTCCATACTTACCATTGGATCCAAAGGATATTGGACGTGATTACGAAGCCGTCATCAGAGTCAACTCTCAATCCGGTAAGGGTGGTGCTGCTTGGGTTATTATGAGATCTCTAGGATTAGATGTACCAAGACCAATGCAAGTTGATTTCTCCAATACTCTACAGAAAAATGCAGATGCCTTAGGAAGAGAGTTAAAATCCGAAGAGATTACAAAATTGTTCAAAGAAACTTACAACTACAACAACAATGAACATATATACGTCACCTTGTTGAATTACGAAGTTAAGAAATTGAACCCAGAGCGTAGAGCTTTAGTGGGCCAGGTAGAAATCAACGATAAGGTTGTCAACATCGAAGGCTACGGAAATGGTCCTATCTCTTCTTTGGTGGATGCGCTATCCAATTTACTGAATGTTAAGTTGAGCGTTCAAAACTACTCTGAACATTCCTTGGGTTCTGGTTCTGCAACCCAAGCGGCATCTTTCATAAATCTTTCCTACATAAAGGACATCAATAATCATGCTACTAGTAATATGTGGGGTGTTGGTGTCTCCGAAGACACTGGGGATGCATCTATTAAGGCGGTATTTGCTACTGTCAATAATATTATTCATTCCGGGGATGTTCTACTGGCAGAGTAA","protein_sequence":"MVKHSFIALAEHASKLRRSIPPVKLTYKNMLRDPSVKYRAFAPPKMVKRIWPDKTIQKAPRWLSTDLRDGNQSLPDPMSVAQKKEYFHKLINIGFKEIEVSFPSASQTDFDFTRYAVENAPDDVGIQCLVQSREHLIKRTVEALTGAKRATIHTYLATSDMFREIVFNMSREEAISKAVEATKLVRKLTKDDPSQQATRWSYEFSPECFSDTPGEFAVEICEAVKKAWEPTEENPIIFNLPATVEVASPNVYADQIEYFSTHITEREKVCISTHCHNDRGCGVAATELGMLAGADRVEGCLFGNGERTGNVDLVTVAMNMYTQGVSPNLDFSDLTSISEIVHRCNKIPIPPRAPYGGELVVSAFSGSHQDAIKKGFAIQNKKQAQGETRWRIPYLPLDPKDIGRDYEAVIRVNSQSGKGGAAWVIMRSLGLDVPRPMQVDFSNTLQKNADALGRELKSEEITKLFKETYNYNNNEHIYVTLLNYEVKKLNPERRALVGQVEINDKVVNIEGYGNGPISSLVDALSNLLNVKLSVQNYSEHSLGSGSATQAASFINLSYIKDINNHATSNMWGVGVSEDTGDASIKAVFATVNNIIHSGDVLLAE"},{"created_at":"2011-05-24T21:47:11.000Z","updated_at":"2011-07-22T17:53:43.000Z","name":"2-isopropylmalate synthase","uniprot_id":"P06208","uniprot_name":"LEU1_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"LEU4","num_residues":619,"molecular_weight":"68408.29688","theoretical_pi":"5.85","general_function":"Involved in 2-isopropylmalate synthase activity","specific_function":"Catalyzes the condensation of the acetyl group of acetyl-CoA with 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate (2-oxoisovalerate) to form 3-carboxy-3-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate (2-isopropylmalate)","reactions":[{"id":1148,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2382,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Mitochondrion. Cytoplasm;Mitochondrion","altext":"Acetyl-CoA + 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + H(2)O = (2S)-2-isopropylmalate + CoA.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":14128,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006565","source":"Smpdb"}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":"Mitochondrion. Cytoplasm","genbank_gene_id":"M12893","genbank_protein_id":"171841","gene_card_id":"LEU4","chromosome_location":"chromosome 14","locus":"YNL104C","synonyms":["Alpha-IPM synthase","Alpha-isopropylmalate synthase"],"enzyme_classes":["2.3.3.13"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity, transferring acyl groups"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity, transferring acyl groups, acyl groups converted into alkyl on transfer"},{"category":"Function","description":" 2-isopropylmalate synthase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular amino acid metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" organic acid metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" oxoacid metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" carboxylic acid metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" branched chain family amino acid metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" leucine metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" leucine biosynthetic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular amino acid and derivative metabolic process"}],"pfams":[{"name":"HMGL-like","identifier":"PF00682"},{"name":"LeuA_dimer","identifier":"PF08502"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis","kegg_map_id":"00290"},{"name":"Pyruvate metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00620"}],"gene_sequence":"ATGGTTAAAGAGAGTATTATTGCTCTTGCTGAGCATGCGGCCTCCAGAGCCTCAAGAGTTATTCCTCCAGTGAAGCTAGCCTATAAAAATATGCTTAAGGACCCTTCCTCCAAGTACAAGCCATTTAACGCTCCAAAGCTATCTAATAGAAAGTGGCCGGATAACCGGATCACGAGGGCTCCTCGTTGGTTATCAACAGATTTGAGAGATGGTAACCAATCTCTGCCGGATCCCATGTCAGTGGAACAAAAGAAAGAATACTTTCACAAGCTGGTCAATATTGGGTTCAAAGAAATCGAGGTTTCCTTCCCCTCTGCATCTCAAACAGATTTCGACTTCACTAGATATGCTGTAGAAAACGCCCCAGACGATGTTAGTATTCAATGTCTTGTCCAATCTAGAGAACACTTGATTAAGAGAACGGTGGAAGCATTAACAGGTGCTAAAAAGGCTACTATACATACTTACTTGGCAACAAGTGATATGTTCCGTGAAATTGTTTTTAATATGTCTAGAGAGGAAGCTATTTCCAAGGCAGTAGAGGCCACCAAACTAGTTAGGAAACTAACTAAGGATGACCCTTCCCAACAAGCCACTCGTTGGTCCTATGAGTTTTCCCCCGAATGTTTCAGTGATACTCCAGGTGAATTTGCTGTAGAAATTTGCGAAGCTGTTAAGAAGGCTTGGGAACCTACCGAGGAAAATCCAATCATTTTCAACTTACCTGCTACCGTAGAAGTTGCCTCTCCAAATGTTTATGCTGATCAGATTGAATACTTCGCTACCCATATTACTGAGCGTGAGAAGGTTTGCATCTCTACACATTGTCACAATGACCGTGGTTGCGGTGTCGCCGCCACAGAGTTAGGTATGCTTGCAGGTGCCGACCGTGTAGAAGGATGTCTCTTTGGTAATGGTGAACGTACAGGTAATGTGGACTTGGTTACTGTTGCTATGAATATGTATACCCAAGGTGTTTCTCCTAATTTGGATTTCTCTGACTTGACCTCTGTCCTAGATGTGGTTGAGCGTTGTAATAAGATCCCAGTATCGCAAAGAGCACCATACGGCGGTGACTTGGTCGTTTGTGCCTTTTCCGGTTCTCACCAAGACGCCATTAAGAAGGGTTTCAACTTACAAAACAAGAAGCGTGCTCAAGGTGAAACTCAATGGAGAATCCCATACTTGCCATTGGATCCAAAGGACATTGGCCGTGATTACGAAGCTGTCATCAGAGTCAACTCTCAGTCTGGTAAAGGTGGTGCCGCTTGGGTTATTTTGAGATCTTTGGGTTTGGATCTACCAAGAAACATGCAAATCGAATTTTCTAGCGCCGTTCAAGACCATGCTGACTCCTTGGGTAGAGAACTAAAATCAGATGAGATTTCCAAGTTATTCAAAGAGGCTTACAACTACAATGACGAACAGTACCAAGCTATTAGTTTAGTCAATTATAATGTTGAAAAATTCGGCACTGAACGTAGAGTGTTCACTGGTCAAGTCAAAGTAGGCGACCAGATCGTCGATATTGAAGGTACAGGTAATGGTCCAATCTCTTCTTTGGTCGACGCCCTATCAAACTTGTTGAACGTGAGATTTGCCGTAGCAAACTACACAGAGCATTCTCTAGGTTCTGGTTCTTCTACGCAAGCTGCTTCTTACATCCATCTATCGTATAGGCGTAATGCCGACAACGAAAAGGCCTACAAATGGGGTGTAGGTGTCTCCGAAGATGTCGGTGATTCTTCAGTGAGAGCCATCTTTGCCACCATTAACAATATTATCCATTCTGGTGATGTGTCCATTCCATCTTTGGCCGAGGTCGAAGGTAAGAATGCTGCGGCATCTGGCTCTGCATAA","protein_sequence":"MVKESIIALAEHAASRASRVIPPVKLAYKNMLKDPSSKYKPFNAPKLSNRKWPDNRITRAPRWLSTDLRDGNQSLPDPMSVEQKKEYFHKLVNIGFKEIEVSFPSASQTDFDFTRYAVENAPDDVSIQCLVQSREHLIKRTVEALTGAKKATIHTYLATSDMFREIVFNMSREEAISKAVEATKLVRKLTKDDPSQQATRWSYEFSPECFSDTPGEFAVEICEAVKKAWEPTEENPIIFNLPATVEVASPNVYADQIEYFATHITEREKVCISTHCHNDRGCGVAATELGMLAGADRVEGCLFGNGERTGNVDLVTVAMNMYTQGVSPNLDFSDLTSVLDVVERCNKIPVSQRAPYGGDLVVCAFSGSHQDAIKKGFNLQNKKRAQGETQWRIPYLPLDPKDIGRDYEAVIRVNSQSGKGGAAWVILRSLGLDLPRNMQIEFSSAVQDHADSLGRELKSDEISKLFKEAYNYNDEQYQAISLVNYNVEKFGTERRVFTGQVKVGDQIVDIEGTGNGPISSLVDALSNLLNVRFAVANYTEHSLGSGSSTQAASYIHLSYRRNADNEKAYKWGVGVSEDVGDSSVRAIFATINNIIHSGDVSIPSLAEVEGKNAAASGSA"},{"created_at":"2011-05-26T18:21:30.000Z","updated_at":"2011-07-22T17:53:47.000Z","name":"3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate hydroxymethyltransferase","uniprot_id":"P38122","uniprot_name":"PANB_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"ECM31","num_residues":312,"molecular_weight":"34464.69922","theoretical_pi":"8.26","general_function":"Involved in 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate hydroxymethyltransferase activity","specific_function":"5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + 3-methyl-2- oxobutanoate + H(2)O = tetrahydrofolate + 2-dehydropantoate","reactions":[{"id":1185,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2526,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":"5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + H(2)O = tetrahydrofolate + 2-dehydropantoate.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":14215,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006654","source":"Smpdb"}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":null,"genbank_gene_id":"Z36045","genbank_protein_id":"536525","gene_card_id":"ECM31","chromosome_location":"chromosome 2","locus":"YBR176W","synonyms":["Extracellular matrix protein 31","Ketopantoate hydroxymethyltransferase"],"enzyme_classes":["2.1.2.11"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" glycine hydroxymethyltransferase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" hydroxymethyl-, formyl- and related transferase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate hydroxymethyltransferase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity, transferring one-carbon groups"},{"category":"Function","description":" methyltransferase activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" cofactor metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" coenzyme metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" coenzyme biosynthetic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" pantothenate biosynthetic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" metabolic process"}],"pfams":[{"name":"Pantoate_transf","identifier":"PF02548"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Pantothenate and CoA 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dehydratase, mitochondrial","uniprot_id":"P39522","uniprot_name":"ILV3_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"ILV3","num_residues":585,"molecular_weight":"62860.60156","theoretical_pi":"7.92","general_function":"Involved in metabolic process","specific_function":"2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate = 3-methyl-2- oxobutanoate + H(2)O","reactions":[{"id":1463,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1464,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2772,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Mitochondrion","altext":"2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + H(2)O.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":14224,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006662","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14225,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006762","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14226,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006772","source":"Smpdb"}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":"Mitochondrion","genbank_gene_id":"X87611","genbank_protein_id":"854590","gene_card_id":"ILV3","chromosome_location":"chromosome 10","locus":"YJR016C","synonyms":["DAD","2,3-dihydroxy acid hydrolyase"],"enzyme_classes":["4.2.1.9"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" carbon-oxygen lyase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" hydro-lyase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" dihydroxy-acid dehydratase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" lyase activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular amino acid metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular amino acid biosynthetic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" branched chain family amino acid biosynthetic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular amino acid and derivative metabolic process"}],"pfams":[{"name":"ILVD_EDD","identifier":"PF00920"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis","kegg_map_id":"00290"},{"name":"Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis","kegg_map_id":"00770"}],"gene_sequence":"ATGGGCTTGTTAACGAAAGTTGCTACATCTAGACAATTCTCTACAACGAGATGCGTTGCAAAGAAGCTCAACAAGTACTCGTATATCATCACTGAACCTAAGGGCCAAGGTGCGTCCCAGGCCATGCTTTATGCCACCGGTTTCAAGAAGGAAGATTTCAAGAAGCCTCAAGTCGGGGTTGGTTCCTGTTGGTGGTCCGGTAACCCATGTAACATGCATCTATTGGACTTGAATAACAGATGTTCTCAATCCATTGAAAAAGCGGGTTTGAAAGCTATGCAGTTCAACACCATCGGTGTTTCAGACGGTATCTCTATGGGTACTAAAGGTATGAGATACTCGTTACAAAGTAGAGAAATCATTGCAGACTCCTTTGAAACCATCATGATGGCACAACACTACGATGCTAACATCGCCATCCCATCATGTGACAAAAACATGCCCGGTGTCATGATGGCCATGGGTAGACATAACAGACCTTCCATCATGGTATATGGTGGTACTATCTTGCCCGGTCATCCAACATGTGGTTCTTCGAAGATCTCTAAAAACATCGATATCGTCTCTGCGTTCCAATCCTACGGTGAATATATTTCCAAGCAATTCACTGAAGAAGAAAGAGAAGATGTTGTGGAACATGCATGCCCAGGTCCTGGTTCTTGTGGTGGTATGTATACTGCCAACACAATGGCTTCTGCCGCTGAAGTGCTAGGTTTGACCATTCCAAACTCCTCTTCCTTCCCAGCCGTTTCCAAGGAGAAGTTAGCTGAGTGTGACAACATTGGTGAATACATCAAGAAGACAATGGAATTGGGTATTTTACCTCGTGATATCCTCACAAAAGAGGCTTTTGAAAACGCCATTACTTATGTCGTTGCAACCGGTGGGTCCACTAATGCTGTTTTGCATTTGGTGGCTGTTGCTCACTCTGCGGGTGTCAAGTTGTCACCAGATGATTTCCAAAGAATCAGTGATACTACACCATTGATCGGTGACTTCAAACCTTCTGGTAAATACGTCATGGCCGATTTGATTAACGTTGGTGGTACCCAATCTGTGATTAAGTATCTATATGAAAACAACATGTTGCACGGTAACACAATGACTGTTACCGGTGACACTTTGGCAGAACGTGCAAAGAAAGCACCAAGCCTACCTGAAGGACAAGAGATTATTAAGCCACTCTCCCACCCAATCAAGGCCAACGGTCACTTGCAAATTCTGTACGGTTCATTGGCACCAGGTGGAGCTGTGGGTAAAATTACCGGTAAGGAAGGTACTTACTTCAAGGGTAGAGCACGTGTGTTCGAAGAGGAAGGTGCCTTTATTGAAGCCTTGGAAAGAGGTGAAATCAAGAAGGGTGAAAAAACCGTTGTTGTTATCAGATATGAAGGTCCAAGAGGTGCACCAGGTATGCCTGAAATGCTAAAGCCTTCCTCTGCTCTGATGGGTTACGGTTTGGGTAAAGATGTTGCATTGTTGACTGATGGTAGATTCTCTGGTGGTTCTCACGGGTTCTTAATCGGCCACATTGTTCCCGAAGCCGCTGAAGGTGGTCCTATCGGGTTGGTCAGAGACGGCGATGAGATTATCATTGATGCTGATAATAACAAGATTGACCTATTAGTCTCTGATAAGGAAATGGCTCAACGTAAACAAAGTTGGGTTGCACCTCCACCTCGTTACACAAGAGGTACTCTATCCAAGTATGCTAAGTTGGTTTCCAACGCTTCCAACGGTTGTGTTTTAGATGCTTGA","protein_sequence":"MGLLTKVATSRQFSTTRCVAKKLNKYSYIITEPKGQGASQAMLYATGFKKEDFKKPQVGVGSCWWSGNPCNMHLLDLNNRCSQSIEKAGLKAMQFNTIGVSDGISMGTKGMRYSLQSREIIADSFETIMMAQHYDANIAIPSCDKNMPGVMMAMGRHNRPSIMVYGGTILPGHPTCGSSKISKNIDIVSAFQSYGEYISKQFTEEEREDVVEHACPGPGSCGGMYTANTMASAAEVLGLTIPNSSSFPAVSKEKLAECDNIGEYIKKTMELGILPRDILTKEAFENAITYVVATGGSTNAVLHLVAVAHSAGVKLSPDDFQRISDTTPLIGDFKPSGKYVMADLINVGGTQSVIKYLYENNMLHGNTMTVTGDTLAERAKKAPSLPEGQEIIKPLSHPIKANGHLQILYGSLAPGGAVGKITGKEGTYFKGRARVFEEEGAFIEALERGEIKKGEKTVVVIRYEGPRGAPGMPEMLKPSSALMGYGLGKDVALLTDGRFSGGSHGFLIGHIVPEAAEGGPIGLVRDGDEIIIDADNNKIDLLVSDKEMAQRKQSWVAPPPRYTRGTLSKYAKLVSNASNGCVLDA"}]}