{"ymdb_id":"YMDB00287","created_at":"2011-05-29T18:02:18.000Z","updated_at":"2016-09-08T18:35:17.000Z","name":"D-Lactic acid","cas":"10326-41-7","state":"Solid","melting_point":"52.8 oC","description":"Lactic acid is an organic acid with two optical isomers. L-(+)-Lactic acid is the biologically important isomer. It is primarily produced by yeast and lactic acid bacteria from malic acid. It is responsible for the milky flavours in wine and the sour flavor of sourdough breads.","experimental_water_solubility":null,"experimental_logp_hydrophobicity":null,"location":null,"synthesis_reference":"Hsieh, Chun Lung; Houng, Jer Yiing.  Preparation of D-lactic acid from D,L-lactic acid ester using wheat germ or pancreatic lipase.    U.S.  (1997),     5 pp. ","chebi_id":"42111","hmdb_id":"HMDB01311","kegg_id":"C00256","pubchem_id":"61503","cs_id":"55423","foodb_id":null,"wikipedia_link":"Lactic_acid","biocyc_id":"D-LACTATE","iupac":"(2S)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid","traditional_iupac":"(α)-lactate","logp":"-0.47182951800000017","pka":"14.593508084825753","alogps_solubility":null,"alogps_logp":null,"alogps_logs":null,"acceptor_count":"3","donor_count":"2","rotatable_bond_count":"1","polar_surface_area":"57.53","refractivity":"18.8398","polarizability":"8.05675743839785","formal_charge":"0","physiological_charge":"-1","pka_strongest_basic":"-3.6696493832413326","pka_strongest_acidic":"3.784942414122652","bioavailability":"1","number_of_rings":"0","rule_of_five":"1","ghose_filter":"0","veber_rule":"0","mddr_like_rule":"0","synonyms":["(-)-Lactate","(-)-Lactic acid","(D)-(-)-Lactic acid","(R)-(-)-Lactate","(R)-(-)-Lactic acid","(R)-2-Hydroxypropanoate","(R)-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid","(R)-2-Hydroxypropionate","(R)-2-Hydroxypropionic acid","(R)-2-Hydroxypropionsaeure","(R)-a-Hydroxypropionate","(R)-a-Hydroxypropionic acid","(R)-alpha-Hydroxypropionate","(R)-alpha-Hydroxypropionic acid","(R)-Lactate","(R)-Lactic acid","(R)-Milchsaeure","1-Lactic acid","D-(-)-Lactate","D-(-)-Lactic acid","D-2-Hydroxypropanoate","D-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid","D-2-Hydroxypropionate","D-2-Hydroxypropionic acid","D-Lactate","D-Lactic acid","D-Milchsaeure","delta-(-)-Lactate","delta-(-)-Lactic acid","delta-2-Hydroxypropanoate","delta-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid","delta-2-Hydroxypropionate","delta-2-Hydroxypropionic acid","delta-Lactate","delta-Lactic acid","DLA","L-(+)-Lactate","L-Lactic acid","Lactic acid (D)","Propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, (2R)-","Propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, (R)-","Propel","Tisulac"],"pathways":[{"name":"Pyruvate metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00620"}],"growth_conditions":[],"references":[{"pubmed_id":21051339,"citation":"UniProt Consortium (2011). \"Ongoing and future developments at the Universal Protein Resource.\" Nucleic Acids Res 39:D214-D219."},{"pubmed_id":21062828,"citation":"Scheer, M., Grote, A., Chang, A., Schomburg, I., Munaretto, C., Rother, M., Sohngen, C., Stelzer, M., Thiele, J., Schomburg, D. (2011). \"BRENDA, the enzyme information system in 2011.\" Nucleic Acids Res 39:D670-D676."},{"pubmed_id":18846089,"citation":"Herrgard, M. J., Swainston, N., Dobson, P., Dunn, W. B., Arga, K. Y., Arvas, M., Bluthgen, N., Borger, S., Costenoble, R., Heinemann, M., Hucka, M., Le Novere, N., Li, P., Liebermeister, W., Mo, M. L., Oliveira, A. P., Petranovic, D., Pettifer, S., Simeonidis, E., Smallbone, K., Spasic, I., Weichart, D., Brent, R., Broomhead, D. S., Westerhoff, H. V., Kirdar, B., Penttila, M., Klipp, E., Palsson, B. O., Sauer, U., Oliver, S. G., Mendes, P., Nielsen, J., Kell, D. B. (2008). \"A consensus yeast metabolic network reconstruction obtained from a community approach to systems biology.\" Nat Biotechnol 26:1155-1160."},{"pubmed_id":3908097,"citation":"Inoue, Y., Watanabe, K., Shimosaka, M., Saikusa, T., Fukuda, Y., Murata, K., Kimura, A. (1985). \"Metabolism of 2-oxoaldehydes in yeasts. Purification and characterization of lactaldehyde dehydrogenase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.\" Eur J Biochem 153:243-247."}],"proteins":[{"created_at":"2011-05-27T02:56:34.000Z","updated_at":"2011-05-27T15:01:19.000Z","name":"Hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase, cytoplasmic isozyme","uniprot_id":"Q05584","uniprot_name":"GLO2_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"GLO2","num_residues":274,"molecular_weight":"31326.30078","theoretical_pi":"6.11","general_function":"Involved in hydrolase activity","specific_function":"Thiolesterase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of S-D- lactoyl-glutathione to form glutathione and D-lactic acid","reactions":[{"id":1644,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2700,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Mitochondrion matrix;Cytoplasm","altext":"S-(2-hydroxyacyl)glutathione + H(2)O = glutathione + a 2-hydroxy 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dehydrogenase [cytochrome] 1, mitochondrial","uniprot_id":"P32891","uniprot_name":"DLD1_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"DLD1","num_residues":587,"molecular_weight":"65291.89844","theoretical_pi":"6.82","general_function":"Involved in catalytic activity","specific_function":"Catalyzes the stereospecific oxidation of D-lactate to pyruvate","reactions":[{"id":2712,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Mitochondrion matrix;Cytoplasm;Mitochondrion inner membrane","altext":"(R)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c = pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":14119,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006550","source":"Smpdb"}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":"Mitochondrion inner membrane","genbank_gene_id":"Z67750","genbank_protein_id":"1061264","gene_card_id":"DLD1","chromosome_location":"chromosome 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metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00620"}],"gene_sequence":"ATGTTGTGGAAGCGTACTTGCACAAGGCTAATAAAGCCTATTGCACAACCTAGAGGAAGGCTGGTGAGAAGATCATGCTACAGATACGCCTCAACAGGCACAGGCAGCACCGACAGCAGCAGCCAGTGGTTAAAATACTCTGTCATCGCCTCTTCAGCTACTCTATTCGGTTATTTGTTCGCTAAGAACCTCTATTCTAGGGAGACTAAGGAAGATTTGATAGAGAAGCTGGAAATGGTCAAAAAGATCGACCCAGTAAATTCTACGTTAAAGCTGTCCTCATTGGACTCACCAGACTATTTGCACGACCCGGTTAAGATCGATAAGGTTGTTGAGGACCTGAAGCAGGTGCTGGGAAACAAGCCTGAAAACTACTCTGATGCGAAATCCGATTTGGACGCCCATTCAGATACCTACTTCAACACGCATCACCCCTCTCCCGAGCAAAGACCTAGGATTATATTATTCCCTCATACTACCGAAGAAGTTTCCAAAATTTTGAAAATATGTCACGATAACAACATGCCAGTTGTACCCTTCTCGGGCGGAACGTCCTTGGAGGGGCACTTCCTGCCTACAAGAATTGGAGATACCATAACCGTAGACCTGTCCAAGTTTATGAATAACGTCGTAAAATTTGACAAGCTGGACCTGGACATCACCGTGCAGGCCGGTCTACCCTGGGAGGATTTGAATGACTATTTGAGCGACCACGGTTTGATGTTTGGCTGTGACCCTGGTCCAGGTGCACAGATTGGTGGTTGCATTGCTAATTCTTGTTCAGGAACCAACGCCTACCGTTACGGTACCATGAAGGAGAATATTATAAACATGACTATAGTGTTGCCGGACGGGACCATTGTCAAGACGAAGAAAAGACCCAGAAAGTCGAGCGCTGGCTATAACTTAAATGGTTTATTTGTGGGAAGTGAAGGTACCTTAGGTATTGTTACTGAAGCTACTGTCAAGTGTCATGTCAAGCCCAAAGCTGAAACTGTTGCGGTGGTATCCTTTGATACTATCAAGGATGCGGCCGCATGTGCTTCTAATCTGACTCAGAGTGGTATTCATTTGAACGCCATGGAGTTACTGGATGAAAATATGATGAAGTTGATCAACGCATCTGAATCCACGGACAGATGTGATTGGGTAGAGAAACCAACTATGTTTTTCAAGATTGGTGGGAGATCTCCCAACATTGTCAATGCTCTTGTGGATGAAGTTAAGGCTGTCGCCCAGTTAAATCACTGCAACAGTTTTCAGTTTGCTAAAGATGATGACGAAAAATTGGAATTATGGGAAGCTAGAAAGGTCGCGCTATGGTCTGTGCTAGACGCTGATAAGAGCAAAGACAAATCAGCTAAAATTTGGACAACTGATGTAGCTGTTCCTGTGTCGCAGTTCGACAAGGTTATTCACGAAACTAAAAAGGACATGCAAGCTAGTAAGCTGATCAACGCCATTGTTGGTCATGCAGGTGATGGTAACTTCCATGCATTCATCGTCTACAGAACCCCTGAAGAACACGAAACCTGTAGCCAACTTGTTGACAGAATGGTCAAGAGAGCACTGAACGCAGAAGGCACTTGCACGGGTGAACACGGTGTTGGTATTGGTAAAAGAGAGTACTTGCTCGAAGAATTAGGTGAAGCACCCGTCGATTTGATGAGAAAGATTAAGCTAGCTATTGACCCAAAGAGAATCATGAACCCGGACAAAATCTTTAAAACTGATCCAAACGAGCCCGCTAATGATTACAGGTGA","protein_sequence":"MLWKRTCTRLIKPIAQPRGRLVRRSCYRYASTGTGSTDSSSQWLKYSVIASSATLFGYLFAKNLYSRETKEDLIEKLEMVKKIDPVNSTLKLSSLDSPDYLHDPVKIDKVVEDLKQVLGNKPENYSDAKSDLDAHSDTYFNTHHPSPEQRPRIILFPHTTEEVSKILKICHDNNMPVVPFSGGTSLEGHFLPTRIGDTITVDLSKFMNNVVKFDKLDLDITVQAGLPWEDLNDYLSDHGLMFGCDPGPGAQIGGCIANSCSGTNAYRYGTMKENIINMTIVLPDGTIVKTKKRPRKSSAGYNLNGLFVGSEGTLGIVTEATVKCHVKPKAETVAVVSFDTIKDAAACASNLTQSGIHLNAMELLDENMMKLINASESTDRCDWVEKPTMFFKIGGRSPNIVNALVDEVKAVAQLNHCNSFQFAKDDDEKLELWEARKVALWSVLDADKSKDKSAKIWTTDVAVPVSQFDKVIHETKKDMQASKLINAIVGHAGDGNFHAFIVYRTPEEHETCSQLVDRMVKRALNAEGTCTGEHGVGIGKREYLLEELGEAPVDLMRKIKLAIDPKRIMNPDKIFKTDPNEPANDYR"},{"created_at":"2011-05-27T03:14:42.000Z","updated_at":"2011-05-27T15:01:19.000Z","name":"D-lactate dehydrogenase [cytochrome] 3","uniprot_id":"P39976","uniprot_name":"DLD3_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"DLD3","num_residues":496,"molecular_weight":"55224.5","theoretical_pi":"6.88","general_function":"Involved in catalytic activity","specific_function":"(R)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c = pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c","reactions":[{"id":2712,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Mitochondrion matrix;Cytoplasm;Mitochondrion inner membrane","altext":"(R)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c = pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":14119,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006550","source":"Smpdb"}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":"Cytoplasm","genbank_gene_id":"U18795","genbank_protein_id":"603247","gene_card_id":"DLD3","chromosome_location":"chromosome 5","locus":"YEL071W","synonyms":["D-lactate ferricytochrome C oxidoreductase","D-LCR"],"enzyme_classes":["1.1.2.4"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" nucleoside binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" purine nucleoside binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" adenyl nucleotide binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" FAD or FADH2 binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" oxidoreductase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" Not Available"}],"pfams":[{"name":"FAD_binding_4","identifier":"PF01565"},{"name":"FAD-oxidase_C","identifier":"PF02913"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Pyruvate metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00620"}],"gene_sequence":"ATGACGGCCGCACATCCTGTTGCTCAGTTAACTGCCGAGGCATACCCTAAAGTCAAGAGAAACCCAAATTTCAAAGTTCTCGACTCGGAAGATTTGGCGTACTTTCGTTCGATTTTGTCAAATGATGAAATCTTAAACTCTCAAGCTCCAGAAGAGCTTGCTTCGTTTAACCAGGACTGGATGAAAAAATATAGAGGCCAGTCCAATTTAATTCTCTTGCCAAACTCCACTGATAAAGTGTCCAAGATTATGAAATACTGTAACGATAAAAAGTTGGCAGTAGTACCACAAGGTGGTAACACCGACTTGGTCGGAGCCTCTGTTCCGGTATTTGATGAGATTGTTCTTTCTCTAAGAAATATGAACAAAGTCAGAGATTTTGATCCAGTTAGCGGGACTTTCAAGTGTGACGCGGGTGTCGTTATGCGTGATGCGCATCAATTTTTACACGACCATGACCATATCTTCCCATTGGATCTGCCTTCTAGAAACAACTGTCAAGTGGGCGGTGTAGTTTCAACAAATGCAGGTGGTTTGAACTTTTTAAGATATGGGTCTCTACACGGTAATGTTTTGGGTTTGGAAGTGGTGCTACCCAACGGTGAGATTATCAGCAATATCAATGCCCTAAGGAAGGACAATACTGGTTATGACTTGAAACAATTATTCATCGGTGCAGAGGGTACTATCGGTGTCGTTACTGGTGTATCCATAGTTGCAGCAGCAAAGCCAAAAGCCTTGAATGCCGTATTTTTTGGTATTGAGAATTTCGATACCGTTCAGAAATTATTTGTCAAGGCTAAAAGTGAATTATCTGAGATTTTATCTGCTTTTGAATTCATGGACCGTGGCTCCATTGAATGTACGATAGAATACTTGAAGGACTTGCCTTTCCCTCTGGAGAACCAACACAACTTTTATGTTCTTATTGAAACGTCAGGGTCCAATAAGAGACACGACGATGAGAAGCTGACTGCTTTCCTCAAAGATACCACAGATTCTAAATTAATTTCGGAGGGTATGATGGCTAAGGACAAAGCCGATTTTGATAGACTTTGGACCTGGAGAAAATCTGTTCCAACAGCTTGTAATTCTTACGGTGGTATGTACAAGTATGACATGTCACTTCAATTGAAAGATTTATATTCCGTATCTGCGGCTGTGACGGAGAGATTAAACGCAGCCGGTTTGATTGGTGATGCACCAAAACCAGTTGTTAAATCATGTGGTTATGGTCATGTCGGTGACGGAAACATCCATTTAAATATCGCGGTAAGAGAATTTACAAAACAGATTGAGGACTTACTAGAACCATTTGTTTATGAATATATTGCATCAAAGAAAGGTTCCATCAGTGCTGAGCATGGGATCGGTTTCCATAAGAAAGGTAAGTTACACTACACCAGAAGTGATATTGAAATTAGATTTATGAAGGATATCAAAAATCACTACGATCCAAATGGAATCTTAAACCCATACAAGTACATTTGA","protein_sequence":"MTAAHPVAQLTAEAYPKVKRNPNFKVLDSEDLAYFRSILSNDEILNSQAPEELASFNQDWMKKYRGQSNLILLPNSTDKVSKIMKYCNDKKLAVVPQGGNTDLVGASVPVFDEIVLSLRNMNKVRDFDPVSGTFKCDAGVVMRDAHQFLHDHDHIFPLDLPSRNNCQVGGVVSTNAGGLNFLRYGSLHGNVLGLEVVLPNGEIISNINALRKDNTGYDLKQLFIGAEGTIGVVTGVSIVAAAKPKALNAVFFGIENFDTVQKLFVKAKSELSEILSAFEFMDRGSIECTIEYLKDLPFPLENQHNFYVLIETSGSNKRHDDEKLTAFLKDTTDSKLISEGMMAKDKADFDRLWTWRKSVPTACNSYGGMYKYDMSLQLKDLYSVSAAVTERLNAAGLIGDAPKPVVKSCGYGHVGDGNIHLNIAVREFTKQIEDLLEPFVYEYIASKKGSISAEHGIGFHKKGKLHYTRSDIEIRFMKDIKNHYDPNGILNPYKYI"},{"created_at":"2011-05-27T03:17:30.000Z","updated_at":"2011-05-27T15:01:20.000Z","name":"D-lactate dehydrogenase [cytochrome] 2, mitochondrial","uniprot_id":"P46681","uniprot_name":"DLD2_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"DLD2","num_residues":530,"molecular_weight":"59268.0","theoretical_pi":"6.01","general_function":"Involved in catalytic activity","specific_function":"In addition to its enzymatic role it could play an important role in the yeast cell morphology","reactions":[{"id":2712,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Mitochondrion matrix;Cytoplasm;Mitochondrion inner membrane","altext":"(R)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c = pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":14119,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006550","source":"Smpdb"}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":"Mitochondrion matrix","genbank_gene_id":"AY723765","genbank_protein_id":"51830216","gene_card_id":"DLD2","chromosome_location":"chromosome 4","locus":"YDL178W","synonyms":["Actin-interacting protein 2","D-lactate ferricytochrome C oxidoreductase","D-LCR"],"enzyme_classes":["1.1.2.4"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" nucleoside binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" purine nucleoside binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" adenyl nucleotide binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" FAD or FADH2 binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" oxidoreductase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" Not Available"}],"pfams":[{"name":"FAD_binding_4","identifier":"PF01565"},{"name":"FAD-oxidase_C","identifier":"PF02913"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Pyruvate metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00620"}],"gene_sequence":"ATGCTAAGAAACATTTTGGTGAGAAGTACTGGCAGCAATTTCAAATTTGCTGGCAGATATATGAAATCATCAGCTCTTTTAGGATACTATAGAAGAGTTAACTATTATTCGACCAAGATACAAACCAGACTGACTAGCGAAAACTATCCAGACGTGCATCGAGACCCTAGATTCAAAAAATTAACGTCCGATGATCTAAATTATTTTAAATCTATTTTATCGGAACAAGAAATATTAAGAGCCAGCGAATCAGAGGATCTTTCATTTTATAATGAAGATTGGATGAGAAAGTACAAAGGACAGTCCAAGTTAGTATTGAGACCTAAGTCAGTGGAAAAAGTTTCTTTAATCTTAAATTATTGTAATGATGAAAAAATTGCCGTTGTCCCACAAGGCGGTAACACGGGGTTGGTAGGTGGTTCTGTGCCCATTTTTGATGAATTAATTCTATCTTTAGCAAATTTAAACAAAATAAGAGATTTTGACCCTGTATCAGGTATCTTGAAGTGTGATGCTGGTGTAATCTTGGAAAATGCTAACAATTACGTAATGGAACAAAATTATATGTTTCCGTTGGATCTGGGAGCTAAAGGTTCCTGCCATGTTGGTGGCGTGGTTGCAACCAACGCTGGAGGACTAAGGTTATTGCGTTATGGCTCACTACATGGAAGCGTTTTAGGCCTAGAGGTGGTAATGCCCAATGGTCAAATTGTTAGTAGCATGCATTCCATGAGAAAAGACAACACCGGTTATGATCTGAAACAGCTGTTCATTGGCTCAGAAGGTACTATCGGTATCATCACTGGTGTTTCAATCTTGACTGTTCCTAAGCCAAAAGCGTTTAATGTATCTTACTTGTCTGTTGAAAGTTTTGAAGACGTTCAAAAAGTCTTCGTCAGAGCCAGGCAAGAATTATCTGAGATTTTATCCGCTTTTGAATTTATGGATGCTAAATCTCAAGTATTGGCCAAGAGCCAATTGAAGGATGCTGCCTTCCCTTTGGAGGATGAGCATCCATTTTATATTCTTATCGAAACGTCAGGGTCAAACAAAGATCACGATGATTCCAAACTTGAAACATTTTTAGAAAACGTCATGGAAGAGGGCATAGTAACGGATGGTGTAGTGGCACAAGATGAAACCGAACTCCAAAACTTGTGGAAGTGGAGAGAAATGATTCCAGAGGCAAGTCAAGCTAATGGTGGTGTTTACAAATACGATGTTTCTTTACCACTAAAGGACCTATATTCTTTGGTTGAAGCCACTAATGCAAGACTTTCTGAAGCTGAATTAGTGGGTGATTCGCCCAAACCAGTGGTGGGCGCCATTGGATACGGTCACGTGGGTGATGGTAATCTACACTTAAATGTTGCAGTTAGAGAGTACAACAAGAACATTGAAAAGACTTTGGAACCATTTGTCTACGAGTTTGTTTCCTCAAAACATGGTTCCGTTAGTGCCGAACATGGGCTAGGTTTCCAAAAGAAAAATTACATTGGCTATTCTAAGAGCCCGGAAGAGGTCAAGATGATGAAGGATTTGAAGGTTCATTATGATCCTAATGGAATTTTAAACCCTTACAAATACATTTGA","protein_sequence":"MLRNILVRSTGSNFKFAGRYMKSSALLGYYRRVNYYSTKIQTRLTSENYPDVHRDPRFKKLTSDDLNYFKSILSEQEILRASESEDLSFYNEDWMRKYKGQSKLVLRPKSVEKVSLILNYCNDEKIAVVPQGGNTGLVGGSVPIFDELILSLANLNKIRDFDPVSGILKCDAGVILENANNYVMEQNYMFPLDLGAKGSCHVGGVVATNAGGLRLLRYGSLHGSVLGLEVVMPNGQIVNSMHSMRKDNTGYDLKQLFIGSEGTIGIITGVSILTVPKPKAFNVSYLSVESFEDVQKVFVRARQELSEILSAFEFMDAKSQVLAKSQLKDAAFPLEDEHPFYILIETSGSNKDHDDSKLETFLENVMEEGIVTDGVVAQDETELQNLWKWREMIPEASQANGGVYKYDVSLPLKDLYSLVEATNARLSEAELVGDSPKPVVGAIGYGHVGDGNLHLNVAVREYNKNIEKTLEPFVYEFVSSKHGSVSAEHGLGFQKKNYIGYSKSPEEVKMMKDLKVHYDPNGILNPYKYI"},{"created_at":"2011-05-27T07:27:50.000Z","updated_at":"2011-05-27T15:01:28.000Z","name":"Carboxylic acid transporter protein homolog","uniprot_id":"P36035","uniprot_name":"JEN1_YEAST","enzyme":false,"transporter":true,"gene_name":"JEN1","num_residues":616,"molecular_weight":"69375.60156","theoretical_pi":"5.72","general_function":"Involved in carbohydrate transmembrane transporter activity","specific_function":"Essential to lactate transport","reactions":[],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"141-161;177-197;206-226;231-251;264-284;297-317;364-384;403-423;433-453;458-478;490-510;536-556","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":"Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein","genbank_gene_id":"U24155","genbank_protein_id":"780802","gene_card_id":"JEN1","chromosome_location":"chromosome 11","locus":"YKL217W","synonyms":[],"enzyme_classes":[],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" integral to membrane"},{"category":"Component","description":" cell part"},{"category":"Component","description":" membrane part"},{"category":"Component","description":" intrinsic to membrane"},{"category":"Function","description":" transporter activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" transmembrane transporter activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" substrate-specific transmembrane transporter activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" carbohydrate transmembrane transporter activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" transmembrane transport"},{"category":"Process","description":" establishment of localization"},{"category":"Process","description":" transport"}],"pfams":[{"name":"Sugar_tr","identifier":"PF00083"}],"pathways":[],"gene_sequence":"ATGTCGTCGTCAATTACAGATGAGAAAATATCTGGTGAACAGCAACAACCTGCTGGCAGAAAACTATACTATAACACAAGTACATTTGCAGAGCCTCCTCTAGTGGACGGAGAAGGTAACCCTATAAATTATGAGCCGGAAGTTTACAACCCGGATCACGAAAAGCTATACCATAACCCATCACTGCCTGCACAATCAATTCAGGATACAAGAGATGATGAATTGCTGGAAAGAGTTTATAGCCAGGATCAAGGTGTAGAGTATGAGGAAGATGAAGAGGATAAGCCAAACCTAAGCGCTGCGTCCATTAAAAGTTATGCTTTAACGAGATTTACGTCCTTACTGCACATCCACGAGTTTTCTTGGGAGAATGTCAATCCCATACCCGAACTGCGCAAAATGACATGGCAGAATTGGAACTATTTTTTTATGGGTTATTTTGCGTGGTTGTCTGCGGCTTGGGCCTTCTTTTGCGTTTCAGTATCAGTCGCTCCATTGGCTGAACTATATGACAGACCAACCAAGGACATCACCTGGGGGTTGGGATTGGTGTTATTTGTTCGTTCAGCAGGTGCTGTCATATTTGGTTTATGGACAGATAAGTCTTCCAGAAAGTGGCCGTACATTACATGTTTGTTCTTATTTGTCATTGCACAACTCTGTACTCCATGGTGTGACACATACGAGAAATTTCTGGGCGTAAGGTGGATAACCGGTATTGCTATGGGAGGAATTTACGGATGTGCTTCTGCAACAGCGATTGAAGATGCACCTGTGAAAGCACGTTCGTTCCTATCAGGTCTATTTTTTTCTGCTTACGCTATGGGGTTCATATTTGCTATCATTTTTTACAGAGCCTTTGGCTACTTTAGGGATGATGGCTGGAAAATATTGTTTTGGTTTAGTATTTTTCTACCAATTCTACTAATTTTCTGGAGATTGTTATGGCCTGAAACGAAATACTTCACCAAGGTTTTGAAAGCCCGTAAATTAATATTGAGTGACGCAGTGAAAGCTAATGGTGGCGAGCCTCTACCAAAAGCCAACTTTAAACAAAAGATGGTATCCATGAAGAGAACAGTTCAAAAGTACTGGTTGTTGTTCGCATATTTGGTTGTTTTATTGGTGGGTCCAAATTACTTGACTCATGCTTCTCAAGACTTGTTGCCAACCATGCTGCGTGCCCAATTAGGCCTATCCAAGGATGCTGTCACTGTCATTGTAGTGGTTACCAACATCGGTGCTATTTGTGGGGGTATGATATTTGGACAGTTCATGGAAGTTACTGGAAGAAGATTAGGCCTATTGATTGCATGCACAATGGGTGGTTGCTTCACCTACCCTGCATTTATGTTGAGAAGCGAAAAGGCTATATTAGGTGCCGGTTTCATGTTATATTTTTGTGTCTTTGGTGTCTGGGGTATCCTGCCCATTCACCTTGCAGAGTTGGCCCCTGCTGATGCAAGGGCTTTGGTTGCCGGTTTATCTTACCAGCTAGGTAATCTAGCTTCTGCAGCGGCTTCCACGATTGAGACACAGTTAGCTGATAGATACCCATTAGAAAGAGATGCCTCTGGTGCTGTGATTAAAGAAGATTATGCCAAAGTTATGGCTATCTTGACTGGTTCTGTTTTCATCTTCACATTTGCTTGTGTTTTTGTTGGCCATGAGAAATTCCATCGTGATTTGTCCTCTCCTGTTATGAAGAAATATATAAACCAAGTGGAAGAATACGAAGCCGATGGTCTTTCGATTAGTGACATTGTTGAACAAAAGACGGAATGTGCTTCAGTGAAGATGATTGATTCGAACGTCTCAAAGACATATGAGGAGCATATTGAGACCGTTTAA","protein_sequence":"MSSSITDEKISGEQQQPAGRKLYYNTSTFAEPPLVDGEGNPINYEPEVYNPDHEKLYHNPSLPAQSIQDTRDDELLERVYSQDQGVEYEEDEEDKPNLSAASIKSYALTRFTSLLHIHEFSWENVNPIPELRKMTWQNWNYFFMGYFAWLSAAWAFFCVSVSVAPLAELYDRPTKDITWGLGLVLFVRSAGAVIFGLWTDKSSRKWPYITCLFLFVIAQLCTPWCDTYEKFLGVRWITGIAMGGIYGCASATAIEDAPVKARSFLSGLFFSAYAMGFIFAIIFYRAFGYFRDDGWKILFWFSIFLPILLIFWRLLWPETKYFTKVLKARKLILSDAVKANGGEPLPKANFKQKMVSMKRTVQKYWLLFAYLVVLLVGPNYLTHASQDLLPTMLRAQLGLSKDAVTVIVVVTNIGAICGGMIFGQFMEVTGRRLGLLIACTMGGCFTYPAFMLRSEKAILGAGFMLYFCVFGVWGILPIHLAELAPADARALVAGLSYQLGNLASAAASTIETQLADRYPLERDASGAVIKEDYAKVMAILTGSVFIFTFACVFVGHEKFHRDLSSPVMKKYINQVEEYEADGLSISDIVEQKTECASVKMIDSNVSKTYEEHIETV"},{"created_at":"2011-05-27T07:28:41.000Z","updated_at":"2011-05-29T05:06:46.000Z","name":"Cytochrome c iso-1","uniprot_id":"P00044","uniprot_name":"CYC1_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"CYC1","num_residues":109,"molecular_weight":"12181.90039","theoretical_pi":"9.96","general_function":"Involved in iron ion binding","specific_function":"Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain","reactions":[{"id":14426,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006939","source":"Smpdb"}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":"2PCC","cellular_location":"Mitochondrion intermembrane space","genbank_gene_id":"L26347","genbank_protein_id":"695795","gene_card_id":"CYC1","chromosome_location":"chromosome 10","locus":"YJR048W","synonyms":[],"enzyme_classes":[],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" cation binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" metal ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" transition metal ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" iron ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" heme binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" electron carrier activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" binding"},{"category":"Process","description":" Not Available"}],"pfams":[{"name":"Cytochrom_C","identifier":"PF00034"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Sulfur metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00920"}],"gene_sequence":"ATGACTGAATTCAAGGCCGGTTCTGCTAAGAAAGGTGCTACACTTTTCAAGACTAGATGTCTACAATGCCACACCGTGGAAAAGGGTGGCCCACATAAGGTTGGTCCAAACTTGCATGGTATCTTTGGCAGACACTCTGGTCAAGCTGAAGGGTATTCGTACACAGATGCCAATATCAAGAAAAACGTGTTGTGGGACGAAAATAACATGTCAGAGTACTTGACTAACCCAAAGAAATATATTCCTGGTACCAAGATGGCCTTTGGTGGGTTGAAGAAGGAAAAAGACAGAAACGACTTAATTACCTACTTGAAAAAAGCCTGTGAGTAA","protein_sequence":"MTEFKAGSAKKGATLFKTRCLQCHTVEKGGPHKVGPNLHGIFGRHSGQAEGYSYTDANIKKNVLWDENNMSEYLTNPKKYIPGTKMAFGGLKKEKDRNDLITYLKKACE"},{"created_at":"2011-05-27T07:29:16.000Z","updated_at":"2011-05-27T15:01:28.000Z","name":"Cytochrome c iso-2","uniprot_id":"P00045","uniprot_name":"CYC7_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"CYC7","num_residues":113,"molecular_weight":"12532.2998","theoretical_pi":"10.18","general_function":"Involved in iron ion binding","specific_function":"Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain","reactions":[{"id":14426,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006939","source":"Smpdb"}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":"1YEA","cellular_location":"Mitochondrion intermembrane space","genbank_gene_id":"AY693032","genbank_protein_id":"51013515","gene_card_id":"CYC7","chromosome_location":"chromosome 5","locus":"YEL039C","synonyms":[],"enzyme_classes":[],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" cation binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" metal ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" transition metal ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" iron ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" heme binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" electron carrier activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" binding"},{"category":"Process","description":" Not Available"}],"pfams":[{"name":"Cytochrom_C","identifier":"PF00034"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Sulfur metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00920"}],"gene_sequence":"ATGGCTAAAGAAAGTACGGGATTCAAACCAGGCTCTGCAAAAAAGGGTGCTACATTGTTTAAAACGAGGTGTCAGCAGTGTCATACAATAGAAGAGGGTGGTCCTAACAAAGTTGGACCTAATTTACATGGTATTTTTGGTAGACATTCAGGTCAGGTAAAGGGTTATTCTTACACAGATGCAAACATCAACAAGAACGTCAAATGGGATGAGGATAGTATGTCCGAGTACTTGACGAACCCAAAGAAATATATTCCTGGTACCAAGATGGCGTTTGCCGGGTTGAAGAAGGAAAAGGACAGAAACGATTTAATTACTTATATGACAAAGGCTGCCAAATAG","protein_sequence":"MAKESTGFKPGSAKKGATLFKTRCQQCHTIEEGGPNKVGPNLHGIFGRHSGQVKGYSYTDANINKNVKWDEDSMSEYLTNPKKYIPGTKMAFAGLKKEKDRNDLITYMTKAAK"}]}