Glycerol (YMDB00283)

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Identification

YMDB ID

YMDB00283

Name

Glycerol

Species

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Strain

Baker's yeast

Description

Glycerol, also known as glycerin or fumarate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sugar alcohols. These are hydrogenated forms of carbohydrate in which the carbonyl group (aldehyde or ketone, reducing sugar) has been reduced to a primary or secondary hydroxyl group. Glycerol is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Glycerol exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Glycerol is a potentially toxic compound.

Structure

MOL SDF 3D-SDF PDB SMILES InChI View 3D Structure

Synonyms

1,2,3-Trihydroxypropane
Bulbold
Cristal
Glyceol Opthalgan
Glycerin
Glycerine
Glyceritol
Glycerol
Glycyl alcohol
Glyrol
Glysanin
IFP
Incorporation factor
Osmoglyn
Propanetriol
RG-S
Trihydroxypropane
Tryhydroxypropane
1,2,3-Propanetriol
Glycerolum
Glyzerin
Gro
Oelsuess
Concentrated glycerin
Glycerin, concentrated
e 422
Emery 916
Mackstat H 66
Pricerine 9091
2,5-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid
2-(3,6-DIHYDROXYPHENYL)acetIC ACID
2,5-Dihydroxyphenylacetate
2-(3,6-DIHYDROXYPHENYL)acetate
Homogentisate
(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)-acetate
(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)-acetic acid
2,5-Dihydroxy-a-toluate
2,5-Dihydroxy-a-toluic acid
2,5-Dihydroxy-alpha-toluate
2,5-Dihydroxy-alpha-toluic acid
2,5-Dihydroxy-benzeneacetate
2,5-Dihydroxy-benzeneacetic acid
Alcapton
Homogentisate acid
Homogentisinate
Homogentisinic acid
Melanic acid
Acid, homogentisic
GlcAa
GlcAalpha
D-Glucuronate
alpha-D-Glucopyranuronic acid
alpha-D-Glucuronic acid
alpha-delta-Glucopyranuronic acid
alpha-delta-Glucuronic acid
D-(+)-Glucuronate
D-(+)-Glucuronic acid
delta-(+)-Glucuronate
delta-(+)-Glucuronic acid
delta-Glucuronate
GCU
Glucosiduronate
Glucosiduronic acid
Glucuronate
Glucuronic acid
(2E)-2-Butenedioic acid
(e)-2-Butenedioic acid
e297
Fumarsaeure
trans-1,2-Ethylenedicarboxylic acid
trans-But-2-enedioic acid
trans-Butenedioic acid
(2E)-2-Butenedioate
(e)-2-Butenedioate
trans-1,2-Ethylenedicarboxylate
trans-But-2-enedioate
trans-Butenedioate
Fumarate
(2E)-But-2-enedioate
(2E)-But-2-enedioic acid
2-(e)-Butenedioate
2-(e)-Butenedioic acid
Allomaleate
Allomaleic acid
Boletate
Boletic acid
FC 33
Lichenate
Lichenic acid
Sodium fumarate
trans-2-Butenedioate
trans-2-Butenedioic acid
Furamag
Ammonium fumarate
Magnesium fumarate
Mafusol

CAS number

56-81-5

Weight

Average: 92.0938
Monoisotopic: 92.047344122

InChI Key

PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI

InChI=1S/C3H8O3/c4-1-3(6)2-5/h3-6H,1-2H2

IUPAC Name

propane-1,2,3-triol

Traditional IUPAC Name

glycerol

Chemical Formula

C₃H₈O₃

SMILES

[H]OC([H])([H])C([H])(O[H])C([H])([H])O[H]

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sugar alcohols. These are hydrogenated forms of carbohydrate in which the carbonyl group (aldehyde or ketone, reducing sugar) has been reduced to a primary or secondary hydroxyl group.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic oxygen compounds

Class

Organooxygen compounds

Sub Class

Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates

Direct Parent

Sugar alcohols

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Sugar alcohol
Secondary alcohol
Polyol
Hydrocarbon derivative
Primary alcohol
Alcohol
Aliphatic acyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic acyclic compounds

External Descriptors

triol (CHEBI:17754 )
alditol (CHEBI:17754 )
Glycerols (C00116 )
a sugar alcohol (GLYCEROL )

Physical Properties

State

Liquid

Charge

Melting point

20 °C

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Reference
Water Solubility	1000 mg/mL at 25 oC [YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)]	PhysProp
LogP	-1.76 [HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)]	PhysProp

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	1170 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	-1.9	ALOGPS
logP	-1.8	ChemAxon
logS	1.1	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	13.61	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-3	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	3	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	3	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	60.69 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	2	ChemAxon
Refractivity	20.52 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	8.93 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	1	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	Yes	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	Yes	ChemAxon

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

extracellular
cytoplasm

Organoleptic Properties

Flavour/Odour	Source
Odorless	FDB000756

SMPDB Pathways

Triacylglycerol metabolism TG(10:0/10:0/20:0)	PW007592
Triacylglycerol metabolism TG(10:0/10:0/20:1(13Z))	PW007598
Triacylglycerol metabolism TG(10:0/10:0/22:0)	PW007608
Triacylglycerol metabolism TG(10:0/10:0/22:1(13Z))	PW007616
Triacylglycerol metabolism TG(10:0/10:0/23:1(9Z))	PW007635

KEGG Pathways

Galactose metabolism	ec00052
Glycerolipid metabolism	ec00561

SMPDB Reactions

Dihydroxyacetone + NADPH + hydron → NADP + Glycerol

Glycerol + NADP ↔ Glyceraldehyde + NADPH + hydron

Glycerol + Adenosine triphosphate → ADP + Glycerol 3-phosphate

water + Glycerol 3-phosphate Glycerol + phosphate

MG(16:0/0:0/0:0) + water → Palmitic acid + hydron + Glycerol

KEGG Reactions

D-glyceraldehyde + NADPH + hydron → NADP + Glycerol

NADP + Glycerol → Dihydroxyacetone + NADPH + hydron

Adenosine triphosphate + Glycerol → Glycerol 3-phosphate + hydron + ADP

Glycerol 3-phosphate + water → Glycerol + phosphate

Concentrations

Intracellular Concentrations

Intracellular Concentration	Substrate	Growth Conditions	Strain	Citation
2250 ± 1750 µM	Synthetic medium with 1% glucose and 0.1% yeast extract	aerobic	Baker's yeast	PMID: 16623706
Conversion Details Here

Extracellular Concentrations

Intracellular Concentration	Substrate	Growth Conditions	Strain	Citation
50 ± 50 µM	Synthetic medium with 1% glucose and 0.1% yeast extract	aerobic	Baker's yeast	PMID: 16623706
Conversion Details Here

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	View
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (3 TMS)	splash10-0fr2-0910000000-6497c0870b71585c6322	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (3 TMS)	splash10-0ktb-0920000000-93408d69acffad6f48af	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (3 TMS)	splash10-05mk-0940000000-778ba583836705f8fdf4	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized)	splash10-00kb-0920000000-2e4b358941c660851f0a	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (3 TMS)	splash10-00dj-6920000000-6828d7b00cb31e84fac1	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (3 TMS)	splash10-0le9-0940000000-e0b9bada9be26d720326	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-01ox-9000000000-3fe0c184a891364773a8	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0fr2-0930000000-470b6694b25fde40d80f	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0fr2-0910000000-6497c0870b71585c6322	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0ktb-0920000000-93408d69acffad6f48af	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-05mk-0940000000-778ba583836705f8fdf4	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-00kb-0920000000-2e4b358941c660851f0a	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-00dj-6920000000-6828d7b00cb31e84fac1	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0le9-0940000000-e0b9bada9be26d720326	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-00kb-0920000000-085a71f40d38f2729036	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-01qc-9000000000-80cdb8c006ea00f55a64	JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (3 TMS) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-0q4u-9280000000-1487e8921bcecbde6458	JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_2_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-0a4i-9000000000-d7c139dc01453f61eb99	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-0a4l-9000000000-7d7844b4813b038012da	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-0udi-9100000000-16029dbe79f139ab904a	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - EI-B (HITACHI M-80) , Positive	splash10-01ox-9000000000-3fe0c184a891364773a8	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-0006-9000000000-a638e26fe3c3f48563c2	JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-004l-9000000000-d3fd9e9abd911eb0f88e	JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-0a6r-9000000000-ca218dca3a5d86196d81	JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-0006-9000000000-b40367f5ca8d11288fbe	JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-0006-9000000000-ba29a0647084e32d8704	JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-0abc-9000000000-4cd85379d414c16f95c0	JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-0a4i-9000000000-1614392356273cb2b6a0	JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-0a4i-9000000000-9561fb02d4c00eb6eac1	JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-0a4l-9000000000-7fe914cba67cae807300	JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-0a4i-9000000000-94d8bba653e2eee46dc3	JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-0a4i-9000000000-0c6df256e26adb060cbd	JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-052e-9000000000-edf49773503421d3897a	JSpectraViewer
MS	Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)	splash10-01ox-9000000000-3706109441e6d3017895	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
2D NMR	[1H,1H] 2D NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
2D NMR	[1H,13C] 2D NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer

References

References:

UniProt Consortium (2011). "Ongoing and future developments at the Universal Protein Resource." Nucleic Acids Res 39:D214-D219.21051339
Scheer, M., Grote, A., Chang, A., Schomburg, I., Munaretto, C., Rother, M., Sohngen, C., Stelzer, M., Thiele, J., Schomburg, D. (2011). "BRENDA, the enzyme information system in 2011." Nucleic Acids Res 39:D670-D676.21062828
Herrgard, M. J., Swainston, N., Dobson, P., Dunn, W. B., Arga, K. Y., Arvas, M., Bluthgen, N., Borger, S., Costenoble, R., Heinemann, M., Hucka, M., Le Novere, N., Li, P., Liebermeister, W., Mo, M. L., Oliveira, A. P., Petranovic, D., Pettifer, S., Simeonidis, E., Smallbone, K., Spasic, I., Weichart, D., Brent, R., Broomhead, D. S., Westerhoff, H. V., Kirdar, B., Penttila, M., Klipp, E., Palsson, B. O., Sauer, U., Oliver, S. G., Mendes, P., Nielsen, J., Kell, D. B. (2008). "A consensus yeast metabolic network reconstruction obtained from a community approach to systems biology." Nat Biotechnol 26:1155-1160.18846089
Schwartz, J. M., Kanehisa, M. (2006). "Quantitative elementary mode analysis of metabolic pathways: the example of yeast glycolysis." BMC Bioinformatics 7:186.16584566
Ford, G., Ellis, E. M. (2002). "Characterization of Ypr1p from Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a 2-methylbutyraldehyde reductase." Yeast 19:1087-1096.12210903
Costenoble, R., Valadi, H., Gustafsson, L., Niklasson, C., Franzen, C. J. (2000). "Microaerobic glycerol formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Yeast 16:1483-1495.11113971
Bleve, G., Zacheo, G., Cappello, M. S., Dellaglio, F., Grieco, F. (2005). "Subcellular localization and functional expression of the glycerol uptake protein 1 (GUP1) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae tagged with green fluorescent protein." Biochem J 390:145-155.15813700
Xu, Z., Tsurugi, K. (2006). "A potential mechanism of energy-metabolism oscillation in an aerobic chemostat culture of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae." FEBS J 273:1696-1709.16623706
Castrillo, J. I., Zeef, L. A., Hoyle, D. C., Zhang, N., Hayes, A., Gardner, D. C., Cornell, M. J., Petty, J., Hakes, L., Wardleworth, L., Rash, B., Brown, M., Dunn, W. B., Broadhurst, D., O'Donoghue, K., Hester, S. S., Dunkley, T. P., Hart, S. R., Swainston, N., Li, P., Gaskell, S. J., Paton, N. W., Lilley, K. S., Kell, D. B., Oliver, S. G. (2007). "Growth control of the eukaryote cell: a systems biology study in yeast." J Biol 6:4.17439666

Synthesis Reference:

Yang, Yifang. Purification of glycerol. Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu (2007), 3pp.

External Links:

Resource	Link
CHEBI ID	17754
HMDB ID	HMDB00131
Pubchem Compound ID	753
Kegg ID	C00116
ChemSpider ID	733
FOODB ID	FDB000756
Wikipedia	Glycerol
BioCyc ID	GLYCEROL

Enzymes

Protein Details

1. Protein GCY

General function:: Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:: Unknown function which seems to be not essential
Gene Name:: GCY1
Uniprot ID:: P14065
Molecular weight:: 35078.89844

Reactions

Protein Details

2. Enolase-phosphatase E1

General function:: Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:: Bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the enolization of 2,3-diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate (DK-MTP-1-P) into the intermediate 2-hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate (HK-MTPenyl-1-P), which is then dephosphorylated to form the acireductone 1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene (DHK-MTPene)
Gene Name:: UTR4
Uniprot ID:: P32626
Molecular weight:: 25187.19922

Reactions

5-(methylthio)-2,3-dioxopentyl phosphate + H(2)O → 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + phosphate.
2-Phosphoglycolate + H2O → glycolate + phosphate

Protein Details

3. (DL)-glycerol-3-phosphatase 2

General function:: Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:: Glycerol 3-phosphate + H(2)O = glycerol + phosphate
Gene Name:: HOR2
Uniprot ID:: P40106
Molecular weight:: 27813.5

Reactions

Glycerol 3-phosphate + H(2)O → glycerol + phosphate.
glycerol 1-phosphate + H2O → glycerol + phosphate

Protein Details

4. Glycerol kinase

General function:: Involved in phosphotransferase activity, alcohol group as acceptor
Specific function:: ATP + glycerol = ADP + sn-glycerol 3- phosphate
Gene Name:: GUT1
Uniprot ID:: P32190
Molecular weight:: 79823.60156

Reactions

ATP + glycerol → ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate.

Protein Details

5. (DL)-glycerol-3-phosphatase 1

General function:: Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:: Glycerol 3-phosphate + H(2)O = glycerol + phosphate
Gene Name:: RHR2
Uniprot ID:: P41277
Molecular weight:: 27946.59961

Reactions

Glycerol 3-phosphate + H(2)O → glycerol + phosphate.
glycerol 1-phosphate + H2O → glycerol + phosphate

Protein Details

6. NADPH-dependent methylglyoxal reductase GRE2

General function:: Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:: Catalyzes the irreversible reduction of the cytotoxic compound methylglyoxal (MG) to (R)-lactaldehyde as an alternative to detoxification of MG by glyoxalase I GLO1. MG is synthesized via a bypath of glycolysis from dihydroxyacetone phosphate and is believed to play a role in cell cycle regulation and stress adaptation
Gene Name:: GRE2
Uniprot ID:: Q12068
Molecular weight:: 38169.19922

Reactions

Lactaldehyde + NADP(+) → methylglyoxal + NADPH.
3-methylbutanol + NAD(P)+ → 3-methylbutanal + NAD(P)H + H+

Protein Details

7. NADPH-dependent aldose reductase GRE3

General function:: Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:: Reduces the cytotoxic compound methylglyoxal (MG) to (R)-lactaldehyde similar to GRE2. MG is synthesized via a bypath of glycolysis from dihydroxyacetone phosphate and is believed to play a role in cell cycle regulation and stress adaptation. In pentose-fermenting yeasts, aldose reductase catalyzes the reduction of xylose into xylitol. The purified enzyme catalyzes this reaction, but the inability of S.cerevisiae to grow on xylose as sole carbon source indicates that the physiological function is more likely methylglyoxal reduction
Gene Name:: GRE3
Uniprot ID:: P38715
Molecular weight:: 37118.5

Reactions

Alditol + NAD(P)(+) → aldose + NAD(P)H.
(R)-lactaldehyde + NADP(+) → methylglyoxal + NADPH.

Protein Details

8. NADP-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase 7

General function:: Involved in zinc ion binding
Specific function:: NADP-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase with a broad substrate specificity
Gene Name:: ADH7
Uniprot ID:: P25377
Molecular weight:: 39348.19922

Reactions

An alcohol + NADP(+) → an aldehyde + NADPH.

Protein Details

9. NADP-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase 6

General function:: Involved in zinc ion binding
Specific function:: NADP-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase with a broad substrate specificity
Gene Name:: ADH6
Uniprot ID:: Q04894
Molecular weight:: 39617.30078

Reactions

An alcohol + NADP(+) → an aldehyde + NADPH.

Protein Details

10. Cardiolipin synthase

General function:: Involved in phosphotransferase activity, for other substituted phosphate groups
Specific function:: Catalyzes the reversible phosphatidyl group transfer from one phosphatidylglycerol molecule to another to form cardiolipin (CL) (diphosphatidylglycerol) and glycerol
Gene Name:: CRD1
Uniprot ID:: Q07560
Molecular weight:: 32019.30078

Reactions

2 Phosphatidylglycerol → diphosphatidylglycerol + glycerol.

Protein Details

11. Putative reductase 1

General function:: Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:: Not Available
Gene Name:: YPR1
Uniprot ID:: Q12458
Molecular weight:: 34754.69922

Reactions

Protein Details

12. Putative uncharacterized hydrolase YOR131C

General function:: Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:: Not Available
Gene Name:: Not Available
Uniprot ID:: Q12486
Molecular weight:: 24839.80078

Reactions

2-Phosphoglycolate + H2O → glycolate + phosphate

Protein Details

13. Uncharacterized protein YMR130W

General function:: Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:: Not Available
Gene Name:: Not Available
Uniprot ID:: Q04223
Molecular weight:: 35278.10156

Reactions

2-Phosphoglycolate + H2O → glycolate + phosphate

Protein Details

14. Monoglyceride lipase

General function:: triglyceride metabolic process
Specific function:: Converts monoacylglycerides (MAG) to free fatty acids and glycerol. Required for efficient degradation of MAG, short-lived intermediates of glycerolipid metabolism which may also function as lipid signaling molecules. Controls inactivation of the signaling lipid N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA).
Gene Name:: YJU3
Uniprot ID:: P28321
Molecular weight:: 35562.4

Reactions

Transporters

Protein Details

1. Sugar transporter STL1

General function:: Involved in transmembrane transporter activity
Specific function:: Not Available
Gene Name:: STL1
Uniprot ID:: P39932
Molecular weight:: 63531.19922

Protein Details

2. Glycerol uptake/efflux facilitator protein

General function:: Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:: Channel protein for glycerol. Has a role in both glycerol influx and efflux. Plays a role in osmoregulation:under osmotic stress the channel is apparently closed to allow accumulation of glycerol in the cell under hyperosmotic conditions
Gene Name:: FPS1
Uniprot ID:: P23900
Molecular weight:: 73876.89844

Structure for #<Compound:0xaf97c598>

Enzymes

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Transporters