L-Threonine (YMDB00214)

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Identification

YMDB ID

YMDB00214

Name

L-Threonine

Species

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Strain

Baker's yeast

Description

Threonine (abbreviated as Thr or T) is an alpha-amino acid. The L-isomer is one of the 22 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the building blocks of proteins. It is classified as a nonpolar, branched chain amino acid, because of the hydrophobic nature of the alcoholic side chain. Together with serine, threonine is one of two proteinogenic amino acids bearing an alcohol group. It is also one of two common amino acids that bear a chiral side chain, along with isoleucine. The threonine residue is susceptible to numerous posttranslational modifications. The hydroxy side-chain can undergo O-linked glycosylation. In addition, threonine residues undergo phosphorylation through the action of a threonine kinase. threonine is synthesized from aspartic acid via alpha-aspartyl-semialdehyde and homoserine. Homoserine undergoes O-phosphorylation; this phosphate ester undergoes hydrolysis concomitant with relocation of the OH group. Enzymes involved in a typical biosynthesis of threonine include: 1) aspartokinase; 2) beta-aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase; 3) homoserine dehydrogenase; 4) homoserine kinase and 5) threonine synthase. Threonine can be catabolized in one of three pathways. One process involves glycine-independent serine/threonine dehydratase yielding alpha-ketobutyrate which is further catabolized to propionyl-CoA and finally the TCA cycle intermediate, succinyl-CoA. The second pathway of threonine catabolism utilizes serine hydroxymethyltransferase. The products of this reaction are acetyl-CoA and glycine. The glycine can be converted to serine via the same enzyme and the serine is then catabolized yielding pyruvate and NH4+. Thus, via this catabolic pathway threonine yields ketogenic and glucogenic byproducts. A third pathway occurs in the mitochondria and is initiated by threonine dehydrogenase yielding alpha-amino-beta-ketobutyrate (2-amino-3-ketobutyrate). The 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate is either converted to acetyl-CoA and glycine, via the action of 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase (also called glycine C-acetyltransfease), or it can spontaneously degrade to aminoacetone which is converted to pyruvate.

Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

(2S,3R)-(-)-Threonine
(2S,3R)-2-Amino-3-hydroxybutyrate
(2S,3R)-2-Amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid
(R-(R*,S*))-2-Amino-3-hydroxybutanoate
(R-(R*,S*))-2-Amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid
(S)-Threonine
[R-(R*,S*)]-2-amino-3-hydroxy-Butanoate
[R-(R*,S*)]-2-amino-3-hydroxy-Butanoic acid
[R-(R*,S*)]-2-Amino-3-hydroxybutanoate
[R-(R*,S*)]-2-Amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid
2-Amino-3-hydroxybutanoate
2-Amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid
2-Amino-3-hydroxybutyrate
2-Amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid
L-(-)-Threonine
L-2-Amino-3-hydroxybutyrate
L-2-Amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid
L-alpha-Amino-beta-hydroxybutyrate
L-alpha-Amino-beta-hydroxybutyric acid
Threonin
Threonine
(2S)-Threonine
(2S,3R)-2-Amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid
L-Threonin
T
Thr
(2S,3R)-2-Amino-3-hydroxybutanoate
L-a-Amino-b-hydroxybutyrate
L-a-Amino-b-hydroxybutyric acid
L-Α-amino-β-hydroxybutyrate
L-Α-amino-β-hydroxybutyric acid
L Threonine

CAS number

72-19-5

Weight

Average: 119.1192
Monoisotopic: 119.058243159

InChI Key

AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N

InChI

InChI=1S/C4H9NO3/c1-2(6)3(5)4(7)8/h2-3,6H,5H2,1H3,(H,7,8)/t2-,3+/m1/s1

IUPAC Name

(2S,3R)-2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid

Traditional IUPAC Name

L-threonine

Chemical Formula

C₄H₉NO₃

SMILES

[H]OC(=O)[C@@]([H])(N([H])[H])[C@]([H])(O[H])C([H])([H])[H]

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

belongs to the class of organic compounds known as l-alpha-amino acids. These are alpha amino acids which have the L-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic acids and derivatives

Class

Carboxylic acids and derivatives

Sub Class

Amino acids, peptides, and analogues

Direct Parent

L-alpha-amino acids

Alternative Parents

Substituents

L-alpha-amino acid
Beta-hydroxy acid
Short-chain hydroxy acid
Hydroxy acid
Fatty acid
Amino acid
Secondary alcohol
Carboxylic acid
Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
Alcohol
Hydrocarbon derivative
Primary amine
Organooxygen compound
Organonitrogen compound
Organic oxide
Primary aliphatic amine
Organopnictogen compound
Organic oxygen compound
Carbonyl group
Organic nitrogen compound
Amine
Aliphatic acyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic acyclic compounds

External Descriptors

aspartate family amino acid (CHEBI:16857 )
proteinogenic amino acid (CHEBI:16857 )
L-alpha-amino acid (CHEBI:16857 )
threonine (CHEBI:16857 )
Common amino acids (C00188 )

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Charge

Melting point

256 °C

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Reference
Water Solubility	97 mg/mL at 25 oC [YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)]	PhysProp
LogP	-2.94 [HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)]	PhysProp

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	477 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	-3	ALOGPS
logP	-3.5	ChemAxon
logS	0.6	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	2.21	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	9	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	4	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	3	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	83.55 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	2	ChemAxon
Refractivity	26.46 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	11.08 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	1	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	Yes	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	Yes	ChemAxon

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

extracellular
mitochondrion
cytoplasm

Organoleptic Properties

Not Available

SMPDB Pathways

glycine metabolism	PW002398
isoleucine biosynthesis	PW002476
threonine metabolism	PW002401

KEGG Pathways

Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism	ec00260
Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism	ec00860
Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis	ec00290

SMPDB Reactions

L-Threonine → Acetaldehyde + Glycine

O-Phosphohomoserine + water → phosphate + L-Threonine

L-Threonine + NAD → hydron + NADH + L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoic acid

L-Threonine → hydron + water + (2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

KEGG Reactions

L-Threonine → Ammonium + 2-Ketobutyric acid

L-Threonine → Glycine + Acetaldehyde

water + O-Phosphohomoserine → phosphate + L-Threonine

Adenosine triphosphate + L-Threonine + tRNA(Thr) → Adenosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate + Thr-tRNA(Thr)

Concentrations

Intracellular Concentrations

Intracellular Concentration	Substrate	Growth Conditions	Strain	Citation
4219 ± 84 µM	YPD media	aerobic	Baker's yeast	PMID: 7654310
2067 ± 41 µM	YPG media	aerobic	Baker's yeast	PMID: 7654310
775 ± 15 µM	SD media	aerobic	Baker's yeast	PMID: 7654310
603 ± 12 µM	SG media	aerobic	Baker's yeast	PMID: 7654310
2841 ± 57 µM	M (molasses)	aerobic	Baker's yeast	PMID: 7654310
1206 ± 24 µM	MA (molasses)	aerobic	Baker's yeast	PMID: 7654310
3616 ± 72 µM	MB (molasses)	aerobic	Baker's yeast	PMID: 7654310
1206 ± 24 µM	MAB (molasses)	aerobic	Baker's yeast	PMID: 7654310
1274 ± 64 µM	YEB media with 0.5 mM glucose	aerobic	Baker's yeast	Experimentally Determined Not Available
2210 ± 210 µM	Synthetic medium with 20 g/L glucose	aerobic	Baker's yeast	PMID: 12584756
Conversion Details Here

Extracellular Concentrations

Not Available

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	View
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (3 TMS)	splash10-0gb9-0930000000-045341234639d940688b	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0gb9-0930000000-08f448150a2533471625	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (2 TMS)	splash10-0159-1910000000-98a39d63665a1a1855dd	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (3 TMS)	splash10-014i-1960000000-82e1bd8ff2e302e6b51b	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0159-0910000000-d36a7a07f0444e55e38f	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-014i-0980000000-ebba7965f95f804648ab	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0gb9-0930000000-045341234639d940688b	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0gb9-0930000000-08f448150a2533471625	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-QQ (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0ffa-3921000000-05359581d7eb97866c8f	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0159-1910000000-98a39d63665a1a1855dd	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)	splash10-014i-1960000000-82e1bd8ff2e302e6b51b	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-00dl-9000000000-a05d200d324c3242c239	JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (2 TMS) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-0fdk-8930000000-c4701f28963821b700b3	JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_3) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_3) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_4) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_3) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_2_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_2_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-00di-9300000000-85dce837b0f965e73c8a	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-0a4i-9000000000-221510fd551c0b52c362	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-0a4i-9100000000-6ee11649899572cd4867	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-00di-0900000000-fde7ef1951fddff4b817	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-0uk9-8900000000-2d7e5609618437e59272	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-000i-9000000000-4b43567f4a446aed0828	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-014i-4900000000-45382d9abd25be948e5b	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-00di-0900000000-071b61d3ea723715c1c1	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-0a59-9000000000-c8320d0556dbe72049ca	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-0uk9-8900000000-9945ecd06408cb733177	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-0ufr-8900000000-c9804e2bfc51ec0e8593	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-02t9-0692200000-f96dba3c74726ede32de	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-00di-9000000000-94eeca12e76e23c1695e	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-014i-0930000000-efff9b10ae39f6ce6095	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-014i-0190000000-74ab3cba7b57b1b1b681	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negative	splash10-014i-1900000000-d9348197a5df9756d30c	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negative	splash10-00di-9100000000-9008bb1dfd2806e9f87d	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negative	splash10-00di-9000000000-47fd01696817c86aecc5	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Negative	splash10-00di-9000000000-ba9cd5b3e37ded5d3764	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positive	splash10-00di-1900000000-3fa8bd5efd825e5ac3fa	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Positive	splash10-0kn9-9200000000-063cffd047551fca9ee6	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Positive	splash10-0a4i-9000000000-8b82bffd35f30875a7c0	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Positive	splash10-0a4i-9000000000-1748dd9a759c98e1c5ee	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Positive	splash10-0a4i-9000000000-e9069de219196460cc61	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-0uk9-6900000000-d30fcc60bda11aeb88b4	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
2D NMR	[1H,1H] 2D NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
2D NMR	[1H,13C] 2D NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer

References

References:

Martinez-Force, E., Benitez, T. (1995). "Effects of varying media, temperature, and growth rates on the intracellular concentrations of yeast amino acids." Biotechnol Prog 11:386-392.7654310
UniProt Consortium (2011). "Ongoing and future developments at the Universal Protein Resource." Nucleic Acids Res 39:D214-D219.21051339
Scheer, M., Grote, A., Chang, A., Schomburg, I., Munaretto, C., Rother, M., Sohngen, C., Stelzer, M., Thiele, J., Schomburg, D. (2011). "BRENDA, the enzyme information system in 2011." Nucleic Acids Res 39:D670-D676.21062828
Herrgard, M. J., Swainston, N., Dobson, P., Dunn, W. B., Arga, K. Y., Arvas, M., Bluthgen, N., Borger, S., Costenoble, R., Heinemann, M., Hucka, M., Le Novere, N., Li, P., Liebermeister, W., Mo, M. L., Oliveira, A. P., Petranovic, D., Pettifer, S., Simeonidis, E., Smallbone, K., Spasic, I., Weichart, D., Brent, R., Broomhead, D. S., Westerhoff, H. V., Kirdar, B., Penttila, M., Klipp, E., Palsson, B. O., Sauer, U., Oliver, S. G., Mendes, P., Nielsen, J., Kell, D. B. (2008). "A consensus yeast metabolic network reconstruction obtained from a community approach to systems biology." Nat Biotechnol 26:1155-1160.18846089
Ryan, E. D., Kohlhaw, G. B. (1974). "Subcellular localization of isoleucine-valine biosynthetic enzymes in yeast." J Bacteriol 120:631-637.4616942
Cherest, H., Eichler, F., Robichon-Szulmajster, H. (1969). "Genetic and regulatory aspects of methionine biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." J Bacteriol 97:328-336.5764336
Hans, M. A., Heinzle, E., Wittmann, C. (2003). "Free intracellular amino acid pools during autonomous oscillations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Biotechnol Bioeng 82:143-151.12584756
Nookaew, I., Jewett, M. C., Meechai, A., Thammarongtham, C., Laoteng, K., Cheevadhanarak, S., Nielsen, J., Bhumiratana, S. (2008). "The genome-scale metabolic model iIN800 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its validation: a scaffold to query lipid metabolism." BMC Syst Biol 2:71.18687109
Ramos, C., Calderon, I. L. (1994). "Biochemical evidence that the Saccharomyces cerevisiae THR4 gene encodes threonine synthetase." FEBS Lett 351:357-359.8082795
Liu, J. Q., Nagata, S., Dairi, T., Misono, H., Shimizu, S., Yamada, H. (1997). "The GLY1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a low-specific L-threonine aldolase that catalyzes cleavage of L-allo-threonine and L-threonine to glycine--expression of the gene in Escherichia coli and purification and characterization of the enzyme." Eur J Biochem 245:289-293.9151955
Castrillo, J. I., Zeef, L. A., Hoyle, D. C., Zhang, N., Hayes, A., Gardner, D. C., Cornell, M. J., Petty, J., Hakes, L., Wardleworth, L., Rash, B., Brown, M., Dunn, W. B., Broadhurst, D., O'Donoghue, K., Hester, S. S., Dunkley, T. P., Hart, S. R., Swainston, N., Li, P., Gaskell, S. J., Paton, N. W., Lilley, K. S., Kell, D. B., Oliver, S. G. (2007). "Growth control of the eukaryote cell: a systems biology study in yeast." J Biol 6:4.17439666

Synthesis Reference:

Fujita, Chuzo; Nara, Takashi; Samejima, Hirotoshi; Kinoshita, Shukuo. L-Threonine fermentation. I. Microbial conversion of L-homoserine to L-threonine. Nippon Nogei Kagaku Kaishi (1965), 39(6), 2

External Links:

Resource	Link
CHEBI ID	16857
HMDB ID	HMDB00167
Pubchem Compound ID	6288
Kegg ID	C00188
ChemSpider ID	24532173
FOODB ID	FDB011999
Wikipedia	Threonine
BioCyc ID	THR

Enzymes

Protein Details

1. Low specificity L-threonine aldolase

General function:: Involved in lyase activity
Specific function:: Catalyzes the cleavage of L-allo-threonine and L- threonine to glycine and acetaldehyde
Gene Name:: GLY1
Uniprot ID:: P37303
Molecular weight:: 42814.60156

Reactions

L-threonine → glycine + acetaldehyde.
L-allo-threonine → glycine + acetaldehyde.

Protein Details

2. Threonine dehydratase, mitochondrial

General function:: Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:: L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH(3)
Gene Name:: ILV1
Uniprot ID:: P00927
Molecular weight:: 63830.69922

Reactions

L-threonine → 2-oxobutanoate + NH(3).

Protein Details

3. Catabolic L-serine/threonine dehydratase

General function:: Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:: L-serine = pyruvate + NH(3)
Gene Name:: CHA1
Uniprot ID:: P25379
Molecular weight:: 39301.0

Reactions

L-serine → pyruvate + NH(3).
L-threonine → 2-oxobutanoate + NH(3).

Protein Details

4. Threo-3-hydroxyaspartate ammonia-lyase

General function:: Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:: Exhibits dehydratase activity specific for L-threo-3- hydroxyaspartate
Gene Name:: SRY1
Uniprot ID:: P36007
Molecular weight:: 34898.69922

Reactions

Threo-3-hydroxy-L-aspartate → oxaloacetate + NH(3).

Protein Details

5. Threonyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial

General function:: Involved in nucleotide binding
Specific function:: ATP + L-threonine + tRNA(Thr) = AMP + diphosphate + L-threonyl-tRNA(Thr)
Gene Name:: MST1
Uniprot ID:: P07236
Molecular weight:: 54091.60156

Reactions

ATP + L-threonine + tRNA(Thr) → AMP + diphosphate + L-threonyl-tRNA(Thr).

Protein Details

6. Threonyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic

General function:: Involved in nucleotide binding
Specific function:: ATP + L-threonine + tRNA(Thr) = AMP + diphosphate + L-threonyl-tRNA(Thr)
Gene Name:: THS1
Uniprot ID:: P04801
Molecular weight:: 84519.79688

Reactions

ATP + L-threonine + tRNA(Thr) → AMP + diphosphate + L-threonyl-tRNA(Thr).

Protein Details

7. NADP-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase 6

General function:: Involved in zinc ion binding
Specific function:: NADP-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase with a broad substrate specificity
Gene Name:: ADH6
Uniprot ID:: Q04894
Molecular weight:: 39617.30078

Reactions

An alcohol + NADP(+) → an aldehyde + NADPH.

Protein Details

8. Threonine synthase

General function:: Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:: Catalyzes the gamma-elimination of phosphate from L- phosphohomoserine and the beta-addition of water to produce L- threonine
Gene Name:: THR4
Uniprot ID:: P16120
Molecular weight:: 57473.69922

Reactions

O-phospho-L-homoserine + H(2)O → L-threonine + phosphate.

Transporters

Protein Details

1. General amino-acid permease GAP1

General function:: Involved in transport
Specific function:: Permease for various amino acids as well as for GABA. Can also transport L-cysteine and beta-alanine
Gene Name:: GAP1
Uniprot ID:: P19145
Molecular weight:: 65654.89844

Protein Details

2. High-affinity glutamine permease

General function:: Involved in transport
Specific function:: High affinity transport of glutamine. Also transport Leu, Ser, Thr, Cys, Met and Asn
Gene Name:: GNP1
Uniprot ID:: P48813
Molecular weight:: 73597.39844

Protein Details

3. Valine/tyrosine/tryptophan amino-acid permease 1

General function:: Involved in transport
Specific function:: High-affinity transport of valine and tyrosine. Low- affinity transport of tryptophan. Can also transport L-cysteine
Gene Name:: TAT1
Uniprot ID:: P38085
Molecular weight:: 68756.89844

Protein Details

4. Valine amino-acid permease

General function:: Involved in transport
Specific function:: Involved in transport of isoleucine, leucine, valine, cysteine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan
Gene Name:: BAP3
Uniprot ID:: P41815
Molecular weight:: 67364.39844

Protein Details

5. General amino acid permease AGP1

General function:: Involved in transport
Specific function:: Broad substrate range permease which transports asparagine and glutamine with intermediate specificity. Also transports Ala, Cys, Gly, Ile, Leu, Met, Phe, Ser, Thr, Tyr and Val. Important for the utilization of amino acids as a nitrogen source
Gene Name:: AGP1
Uniprot ID:: P25376
Molecular weight:: 69670.70313

Structure for #<Compound:0xaf6d72c0>

Enzymes

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Transporters