{"ymdb_id":"YMDB00177","created_at":"2011-05-29T16:04:08.000Z","updated_at":"2016-09-08T18:35:08.000Z","name":"(S)-2-Acetolactate","cas":null,"state":"Solid","melting_point":"","description":"(S)-2-Acetolactate is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of valine, leucine and isoleucine. It is the sixth to last step in the synthesis of protein and is converted from 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate via the enzyme acetolactate synthase [EC:2.2.1.6]. It is then converted to 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate via the enzyme ketol-acid reductoisomerase [EC:1.1.1.86].","experimental_water_solubility":"","experimental_logp_hydrophobicity":"","location":"Mitochondrion","synthesis_reference":null,"chebi_id":"18409","hmdb_id":"HMDB06855","kegg_id":"C06010","pubchem_id":"22","cs_id":"389710","foodb_id":null,"wikipedia_link":"Acetolactic_acid","biocyc_id":null,"iupac":"(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoic acid","traditional_iupac":"acetolactic acid","logp":"-0.2838843203333333","pka":"12.416069462259802","alogps_solubility":"2.86e+02 g/l","alogps_logp":"-0.65","alogps_logs":"0.33","acceptor_count":"4","donor_count":"2","rotatable_bond_count":"2","polar_surface_area":"74.6","refractivity":"28.590400000000002","polarizability":"11.807991180939668","formal_charge":"0","physiological_charge":"-1","pka_strongest_basic":"-4.591623143588905","pka_strongest_acidic":"3.4493929439633346","bioavailability":"1","number_of_rings":"0","rule_of_five":"1","ghose_filter":"0","veber_rule":"0","mddr_like_rule":"0","synonyms":["(S)-2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate","(S)-2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoic acid"],"pathways":[{"name":"Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis","kegg_map_id":"00290"},{"name":"Valine Biosynthesis","kegg_map_id":null}],"growth_conditions":[],"references":[{"pubmed_id":21051339,"citation":"UniProt Consortium (2011). \"Ongoing and future developments at the Universal Protein Resource.\" Nucleic Acids Res 39:D214-D219."},{"pubmed_id":21062828,"citation":"Scheer, M., Grote, A., Chang, A., Schomburg, I., Munaretto, C., Rother, M., Sohngen, C., Stelzer, M., Thiele, J., Schomburg, D. (2011). \"BRENDA, the enzyme information system in 2011.\" Nucleic Acids Res 39:D670-D676."}],"proteins":[{"created_at":"2011-05-24T20:27:16.000Z","updated_at":"2011-07-22T17:53:52.000Z","name":"Pyruvate decarboxylase isozyme 3","uniprot_id":"P26263","uniprot_name":"PDC6_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"PDC6","num_residues":563,"molecular_weight":"61579.89844","theoretical_pi":"6.11","general_function":"Involved in magnesium ion binding","specific_function":"Minor of three pyruvate decarboxylases (PDC1, PDC5, PDC6) implicated in the nonoxidative conversion of pyruvate to acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide during alcoholic fermentation. Most of the produced acetaldehyde is subsequently reduced to ethanol, but some is required for cytosolic acetyl-CoA production for biosynthetic pathways. The enzyme is also one of five 2-oxo acid decarboxylases (PDC1, PDC5, PDC6, ARO10, and THI3) able to decarboxylate more complex 2-oxo acids (alpha-keto-acids) than pyruvate, which seem mainly involved in amino acid catabolism. Here the enzyme catalyzes the decarboxylation of amino acids, which, in a first step, have been transaminated to the corresponding 2-oxo acids. In a third step, the resulting aldehydes are reduced to alcohols, collectively referred to as fusel oils or alcohols. Its preferred substrates are the transaminated amino acids valine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan, whereas leucine is no substrate. In a side-reaction the carbanionic intermediate (or active aldehyde) generated by decarboxylation or by activation of an aldehyde can react with an aldehyde via condensation (or carboligation) yielding a 2-hydroxy ketone, collectively called acyloins. The expression level of this protein in the presence of fermentable carbon sources is so low that it can not compensate for the other two pyruvate decarboxylases to sustain fermentation","reactions":[{"id":1184,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1186,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1228,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1658,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1841,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1933,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1934,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2319,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm;Nucleus","altext":"A 2-oxo acid = an aldehyde + CO(2).","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2320,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm","altext":"3-(indol-3-yl)pyruvate = 2-(indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde + CO(2).","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2321,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm","altext":"Phenylpyruvate = phenylacetaldehyde + CO(2).","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2322,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm","altext":"Pyruvate = Acetaldehyde + CO(2).","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2323,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm","altext":"A 2-oxo acid + an aldehyde = A 2-hydroxy ketone + CO(2).","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2324,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm","altext":"An aldehyde + an aldehyde = A 2-hydroxy ketone.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":14096,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006520","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14097,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006525","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14098,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006537","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14099,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006557","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14100,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006971","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14101,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006979","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14283,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006759","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14285,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006770","source":"Smpdb"}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":"Cytoplasm","genbank_gene_id":"X55905","genbank_protein_id":"4116","gene_card_id":"PDC6","chromosome_location":"chromosome 7","locus":"YGR087C","synonyms":[],"enzyme_classes":["4.1.1.-","4.1.1.1"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" lyase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" carbon-carbon lyase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" carboxy-lyase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" cation binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" metal ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" vitamin binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" magnesium ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" thiamin pyrophosphate binding"},{"category":"Process","description":" Not Available"}],"pfams":[{"name":"TPP_enzyme_C","identifier":"PF02775"},{"name":"TPP_enzyme_M","identifier":"PF00205"},{"name":"TPP_enzyme_N","identifier":"PF02776"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis","kegg_map_id":"00010"},{"name":"Ethanol fermentation","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"Isoleucine degradation","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"Phenylalanine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00360"},{"name":"Pyruvate metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00620"},{"name":"Tryptophan metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00380"},{"name":"Tyrosine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00350"},{"name":"Valine Biosynthesis","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"Valine Degradation","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"isoleucine biosynthesis","kegg_map_id":null}],"gene_sequence":"ATGTCTGAAATTACTCTTGGAAAATACTTATTTGAAAGATTGAAGCAAGTTAATGTTAACACCATTTTTGGGCTACCAGGCGACTTCAACTTGTCCCTATTGGACAAGATTTACGAGGTAGATGGATTGAGATGGGCTGGTAATGCAAATGAGCTGAACGCCGCCTATGCCGCCGATGGTTACGCACGCATCAAGGGTTTATCTGTGCTGGTAACTACTTTTGGCGTAGGTGAATTATCCGCCTTGAATGGTATTGCAGGATCGTATGCAGAACACGTCGGTGTACTGCATGTTGTTGGTGTCCCCTCTATCTCCGCTCAGGCTAAGCAATTGTTGTTGCATCATACCTTGGGTAACGGTGATTTTACCGTTTTTCACAGAATGTCCGCCAATATCTCAGAAACTACATCAATGATTACAGACATTGCTACAGCCCCTTCAGAAATCGATAGGTTGATCAGGACAACATTTATAACACAAAGGCCTAGCTACTTGGGGTTGCCAGCGAATTTGGTAGATCTAAAGGTTCCTGGTTCTCTTTTGGAAAAACCGATTGATCTATCATTAAAACCTAACGATCCCGAAGCTGAAAAGGAAGTTATTGATACCGTACTAGAATTGATCCAGAATTCGAAAAACCCTGTTATACTATCGGATGCCTGTGCTTCTAGGCACAACGTTAAAAAAGAAACCCAGAAGTTAATTGATTTGACGCAATTCCCAGCTTTTGTGACACCTCTAGGTAAAGGGTCAATAGATGAACAGCATCCCAGATATGGCGGTGTTTATGTGGGAACGCTGTCCAAACAAGACGTGAAACAGGCCGTTGAGTCGGCTGATTTGATCCTTTCGGTCGGTGCTTTGCTCTCTGATTTTAACACAGGTTCGTTTTCCTACTCCTACAAGACTAAAAATGTAGTGGAGTTTCATTCCGATTACGTAAAGGTGAAGAACGCTACGTTCCTCGGTGTACAAATGAAATTTGCACTACAAAACTTACTGAAGGTTATTCCCGATGTTGTTAAGGGCTACAAGAGCGTTCCCGTACCAACCAAAACTCCCGCAAACAAAGGTGTACCTGCTAGCACGCCCTTGAAACAAGAGTGGTTGTGGAACGAATTGTCCAAATTCTTGCAAGAAGGTGATGTTATCATTTCCGAGACCGGCACGTCTGCCTTCGGTATCAATCAAACTATCTTTCCTAAGGACGCCTACGGTATCTCGCAGGTGTTGTGGGGGTCCATCGGTTTTACAACAGGAGCAACTTTAGGTGCTGCCTTTGCCGCTGAGGAGATTGACCCCAACAAGAGAGTCATCTTATTCATAGGTGACGGGTCTTTGCAGTTAACCGTCCAAGAAATCTCCACCATGATCAGATGGGGGTTAAAGCCGTATCTTTTTGTCCTTAACAACGACGGCTACACTATCGAAAAGCTGATTCATGGGCCTCACGCAGAGTACAACGAAATCCAGACCTGGGATCACCTCGCCCTGTTGCCCGCATTTGGTGCGAAAAAGTACGAAAATCACAAGATCGCCACTACGGGTGAGTGGGATGCCTTAACCACTGATTCAGAGTTCCAGAAAAACTCGGTGATCAGACTAATTGAACTGAAACTGCCCGTCTTTGATGCTCCGGAAAGTTTGATCAAACAAGCGCAATTGACTGCCGCTACAAATGCCAAACAATAA","protein_sequence":"MSEITLGKYLFERLKQVNVNTIFGLPGDFNLSLLDKIYEVDGLRWAGNANELNAAYAADGYARIKGLSVLVTTFGVGELSALNGIAGSYAEHVGVLHVVGVPSISAQAKQLLLHHTLGNGDFTVFHRMSANISETTSMITDIATAPSEIDRLIRTTFITQRPSYLGLPANLVDLKVPGSLLEKPIDLSLKPNDPEAEKEVIDTVLELIQNSKNPVILSDACASRHNVKKETQKLIDLTQFPAFVTPLGKGSIDEQHPRYGGVYVGTLSKQDVKQAVESADLILSVGALLSDFNTGSFSYSYKTKNVVEFHSDYVKVKNATFLGVQMKFALQNLLKVIPDVVKGYKSVPVPTKTPANKGVPASTPLKQEWLWNELSKFLQEGDVIISETGTSAFGINQTIFPKDAYGISQVLWGSIGFTTGATLGAAFAAEEIDPNKRVILFIGDGSLQLTVQEISTMIRWGLKPYLFVLNNDGYTIEKLIHGPHAEYNEIQTWDHLALLPAFGAKKYENHKIATTGEWDALTTDSEFQKNSVIRLIELKLPVFDAPESLIKQAQLTAATNAKQ"},{"created_at":"2011-05-24T21:09:37.000Z","updated_at":"2011-07-22T17:53:52.000Z","name":"Ketol-acid reductoisomerase, mitochondrial","uniprot_id":"P06168","uniprot_name":"ILV5_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"ILV5","num_residues":395,"molecular_weight":"44368.10156","theoretical_pi":"9.42","general_function":"Involved in oxidoreductase activity","specific_function":"(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP(+) = (S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH","reactions":[{"id":1142,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1229,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1682,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2362,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Mitochondrion","altext":"(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP(+) = (S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2363,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Mitochondrion","altext":"(2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate + NADP(+) = (S)-2-hydroxy-2-ethyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":"Mitochondrion","genbank_gene_id":"U19102","genbank_protein_id":"609403","gene_card_id":"ILV5","chromosome_location":"chromosome 12","locus":"YLR355C","synonyms":["Acetohydroxy-acid reductoisomerase","Alpha-keto-beta-hydroxylacil reductoisomerase"],"enzyme_classes":["1.1.1.86"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" oxidoreductase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" cofactor binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH-OH group of donors"},{"category":"Function","description":" oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor"},{"category":"Function","description":" coenzyme binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" ketol-acid reductoisomerase activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" branched chain family amino acid biosynthetic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular amino acid and derivative metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular amino acid metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" oxidation reduction"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular amino acid biosynthetic process"}],"pfams":[{"name":"IlvC","identifier":"PF01450"},{"name":"IlvN","identifier":"PF07991"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis","kegg_map_id":"00290"},{"name":"Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis","kegg_map_id":"00770"}],"gene_sequence":"ATGTTGAGAACTCAAGCCGCCAGATTGATCTGCAACTCCCGTGTCATCACTGCTAAGAGAACCTTTGCTTTGGCCACCCGTGCTGCTGCTTACAGCAGACCAGCTGCCCGTTTCGTTAAGCCAATGATCACTACCCGTGGTTTGAAGCAAATCAACTTCGGTGGTACTGTTGAAACCGTCTACGAAAGAGCTGACTGGCCAAGAGAAAAGTTGTTGGACTACTTCAAGAACGACACTTTTGCTTTGATCGGTTACGGTTCCCAAGGTTACGGTCAAGGTTTGAACTTGAGAGACAACGGTTTGAACGTTATCATTGGTGTCCGTAAAGATGGTGCTTCTTGGAAGGCTGCCATCGAAGACGGTTGGGTTCCAGGCAAGAACTTGTTCACTGTTGAAGATGCTATCAAGAGAGGTAGTTACGTTATGAACTTGTTGTCCGATGCCGCTCAATCAGAAACCTGGCCTGCTATCAAGCCATTGTTGACCAAGGGTAAGACTTTGTACTTCTCCCACGGTTTCTCCCCAGTCTTCAAGGACTTGACTCACGTTGAACCACCAAAGGACTTAGATGTTATCTTGGTTGCTCCAAAGGGTTCCGGTAGAACTGTCAGATCTTTGTTCAAGGAAGGTCGTGGTATTAACTCTTCTTACGCCGTCTGGAACGATGTCACCGGTAAGGCTCACGAAAAGGCCCAAGCTTTGGCCGTTGCCATTGGTTCCGGTTACGTTTACCAAACCACTTTCGAAAGAGAAGTCAACTCTGACTTGTACGGTGAAAGAGGTTGTTTAATGGGTGGTATCCACGGTATGTTCTTGGCTCAATACGACGTCTTGAGAGAAAACGGTCACTCCCCATCTGAAGCTTTCAACGAAACCGTCGAAGAAGCTACCCAATCTCTATACCCATTGATCGGTAAGTACGGTATGGATTACATGTACGATGCTTGTTCCACCACCGCCAGAAGAGGTGCTTTGGACTGGTACCCAATCTTCAAGAATGCTTTGAAGCCTGTTTTCCAAGACTTGTACGAATCTACCAAGAACGGTACCGAAACCAAGAGATCTTTGGAATTCAACTCTCAACCTGACTACAGAGAAAAGCTAGAAAAGGAATTAGACACCATCAGAAACATGGAAATCTGGAAGGTTGGTAAGGAAGTCAGAAAGTTGAGACCAGAAAACCAATAA","protein_sequence":"MLRTQAARLICNSRVITAKRTFALATRAAAYSRPAARFVKPMITTRGLKQINFGGTVETVYERADWPREKLLDYFKNDTFALIGYGSQGYGQGLNLRDNGLNVIIGVRKDGASWKAAIEDGWVPGKNLFTVEDAIKRGSYVMNLLSDAAQSETWPAIKPLLTKGKTLYFSHGFSPVFKDLTHVEPPKDLDVILVAPKGSGRTVRSLFKEGRGINSSYAVWNDVTGKAHEKAQALAVAIGSGYVYQTTFEREVNSDLYGERGCLMGGIHGMFLAQYDVLRENGHSPSEAFNETVEEATQSLYPLIGKYGMDYMYDACSTTARRGALDWYPIFKNALKPVFQDLYESTKNGTETKRSLEFNSQPDYREKLEKELDTIRNMEIWKVGKEVRKLRPENQ"},{"created_at":"2011-05-27T03:16:08.000Z","updated_at":"2011-05-27T15:01:19.000Z","name":"Acetolactate synthase catalytic subunit, mitochondrial","uniprot_id":"P07342","uniprot_name":"ILVB_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"ILV2","num_residues":687,"molecular_weight":"74936.29688","theoretical_pi":"8.87","general_function":"Involved in magnesium ion binding","specific_function":"2 pyruvate = 2-acetolactate + CO(2)","reactions":[{"id":2713,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Mitochondrion","altext":"2 pyruvate = 2-acetolactate + CO(2).","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":"1T9D","cellular_location":"Mitochondrion","genbank_gene_id":"AY692995","genbank_protein_id":"51013441","gene_card_id":"ILV2","chromosome_location":"chromosome 13","locus":"YMR108W","synonyms":["Acetohydroxy-acid synthase catalytic subunit","AHAS","ALS"],"enzyme_classes":["2.2.1.6"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" vitamin binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" magnesium ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" thiamin pyrophosphate binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity, transferring aldehyde or ketonic groups"},{"category":"Function","description":" acetolactate synthase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" nucleoside binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" purine nucleoside binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" adenyl nucleotide binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" FAD or FADH2 binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" cation binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" metal ion binding"},{"category":"Process","description":" metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular amino acid biosynthetic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" branched chain family amino acid biosynthetic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular amino acid and derivative metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular amino acid metabolic process"}],"pfams":[{"name":"TPP_enzyme_C","identifier":"PF02775"},{"name":"TPP_enzyme_M","identifier":"PF00205"},{"name":"TPP_enzyme_N","identifier":"PF02776"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis","kegg_map_id":"00290"},{"name":"Butanoate metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00650"},{"name":"Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis","kegg_map_id":"00770"}],"gene_sequence":"ATGATCAGACAATCTACGCTAAAAAACTTCGCTATTAAGCGTTGCTTTCAACATATAGCATACCGCAACACACCTGCCATGAGATCAGTAGCTCTCGCGCAGCGCTTTTATAGTTCGTCTTCCCGTTATTACAGTGCGTCTCCATTACCAGCCTCTAAAAGGCCAGAGCCTGCTCCAAGTTTCAATGTTGATCCATTAGAACAGCCCGCTGAACCTTCAAAATTGGCTAAGAAACTACGCGCTGAGCCTGACATGGATACCTCTTTCGTCGGTTTAACTGGTGGTCAAATATTTAACGAAATGATGTCCAGACAAAACGTTGATACTGTATTTGGTTATCCAGGTGGTGCTATCCTACCTGTTTACGATGCCATTCATAACAGTGATAAATTCAACTTCGTTCTTCCAAAACACGAACAAGGTGCCGGTCACATGGCAGAAGGCTACGCCAGAGCTTCTGGTAAACCAGGTGTTGTCTTGGTTACTTCTGGGCCAGGTGCCACCAATGTCGTTACTCCAATGGCAGATGCCTTTGCAGACGGGATTCCAATGGTTGTCTTTACAGGGCAAGTCCCAACTAGTGCTATCGGTACTGATGCTTTCCAAGAGGCTGACGTCGTTGGTATTTCTAGATCTTGTACGAAATGGAATGTCATGGTCAAGTCCGTGGAAGAATTGCCATTGCGTATTAACGAGGCTTTTGAAATTGCCACGAGCGGTAGACCGGGACCAGTCTTGGTCGATTTACCAAAGGATGTTACAGCAGCTATCTTAAGAAATCCAATTCCAACAAAAACAACTCTTCCATCAAACGCACTAAACCAATTAACCAGTCGCGCACAAGATGAATTTGTCATGCAAAGTATCAATAAAGCAGCAGATTTGATCAACTTGGCAAAGAAACCTGTCTTATACGTCGGTGCTGGTATTTTAAACCATGCAGATGGTCCAAGATTACTAAAAGAATTAAGTGACCGTGCTCAAATACCTGTCACCACTACTTTACAAGGTTTAGGTTCATTCGACCAAGAAGATCCAAAATCATTGGATATGCTTGGTATGCACGGTTGTGCTACTGCCAACCTGGCAGTGCAAAATGCCGACTTGATAATTGCAGTTGGTGCTAGATTCGACGACCGTGTCACTGGTAATATTTCTAAATTCGCTCCAGAAGCTCGTCGTGCAGCTGCCGAGGGTAGAGGTGGTATTATTCATTTCGAGGTTAGTCCAAAAAACATAAACAAGGTTGTTCAAACTCAAATAGCAGTGGAAGGTGATGCTACGACCAATCTGGGCAAAATGATGTCAAAGATTTTCCCAGTTAAGGAGAGGTCTGAATGGTTTGCTCAAATAAATAAATGGAAGAAGGAATACCCATACGCTTATATGGAGGAGACTCCAGGATCTAAAATTAAACCACAGACGGTTATAAAGAAACTATCCAAGGTTGCCAACGACACAGGAAGACATGTCATTGTTACAACGGGTGTGGGGCAACATCAAATGTGGGCTGCTCAACACTGGACATGGAGAAATCCACATACTTTCATCACATCAGGTGGTTTAGGTACGATGGGTTACGGTCTCCCTGCCGCCATCGGTGCTCAAGTTGCAAAGCCAGAATCTTTGGTTATTGACATTGATGGTGACGCATCCTTTAACATGACTCTAACGGAATTGAGTTCTGCCGTTCAAGCTGGTACTCCAGTGAAGATTTTGATTTTGAACAATGAAGAGCAAGGTATGGTTACTCAATGGCAATCCCTGTTCTACGAACATCGTTATTCCCACACACATCAATTGAACCCTGATTTCATAAAACTAGCGGAGGCTATGGGTTTAAAAGGTTTAAGAGTCAAGAAGCAAGAGGAATTGGACGCTAAGTTGAAAGAATTCGTTTCTACCAAGGGCCCAGTTTTGCTTGAAGTGGAAGTTGATAAAAAAGTTCCTGTTTTGCCAATGGTGGCAGGTGGTAGCGGTCTAGACGAGTTCATAAATTTTGACCCAGAAGTTGAAAGACAACAGACTGAATTACGTCATAAGCGTACAGGCGGTAAGCACTGA","protein_sequence":"MIRQSTLKNFAIKRCFQHIAYRNTPAMRSVALAQRFYSSSSRYYSASPLPASKRPEPAPSFNVDPLEQPAEPSKLAKKLRAEPDMDTSFVGLTGGQIFNEMMSRQNVDTVFGYPGGAILPVYDAIHNSDKFNFVLPKHEQGAGHMAEGYARASGKPGVVLVTSGPGATNVVTPMADAFADGIPMVVFTGQVPTSAIGTDAFQEADVVGISRSCTKWNVMVKSVEELPLRINEAFEIATSGRPGPVLVDLPKDVTAAILRNPIPTKTTLPSNALNQLTSRAQDEFVMQSINKAADLINLAKKPVLYVGAGILNHADGPRLLKELSDRAQIPVTTTLQGLGSFDQEDPKSLDMLGMHGCATANLAVQNADLIIAVGARFDDRVTGNISKFAPEARRAAAEGRGGIIHFEVSPKNINKVVQTQIAVEGDATTNLGKMMSKIFPVKERSEWFAQINKWKKEYPYAYMEETPGSKIKPQTVIKKLSKVANDTGRHVIVTTGVGQHQMWAAQHWTWRNPHTFITSGGLGTMGYGLPAAIGAQVAKPESLVIDIDGDASFNMTLTELSSAVQAGTPVKILILNNEEQGMVTQWQSLFYEHRYSHTHQLNPDFIKLAEAMGLKGLRVKKQEELDAKLKEFVSTKGPVLLEVEVDKKVPVLPMVAGGSGLDEFINFDPEVERQQTELRHKRTGGKH"},{"created_at":"2011-05-29T03:47:57.000Z","updated_at":"2011-07-22T17:53:41.000Z","name":"2-dehydropantoate 2-reductase","uniprot_id":"P38787","uniprot_name":"PANE_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"PAN5","num_residues":379,"molecular_weight":"42820.89844","theoretical_pi":"6.62","general_function":"Involved in oxidoreductase activity","specific_function":"Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of ketopantoate into pantoic acid","reactions":[{"id":1142,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2839,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":"(R)-pantoate + NADP(+) = 2-dehydropantoate + NADPH.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":14216,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006655","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14217,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006763","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14218,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006771","source":"Smpdb"}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":null,"genbank_gene_id":null,"genbank_protein_id":null,"gene_card_id":"PAN5","chromosome_location":"chromosome 8","locus":"YHR063C","synonyms":["Ketopantoate reductase","KPA reductase","KPR"],"enzyme_classes":["1.1.1.169"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" cell part"},{"category":"Component","description":" intracellular part"},{"category":"Component","description":" cytoplasm"},{"category":"Function","description":" coenzyme binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" nucleotide binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" oxidoreductase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" cofactor binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" NADP or NADPH binding"},{"category":"Process","description":" pantothenate biosynthetic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" oxidation reduction"},{"category":"Process","description":" cofactor metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" coenzyme metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" coenzyme biosynthetic process"}],"pfams":[{"name":"ApbA","identifier":"PF02558"},{"name":"ApbA_C","identifier":"PF08546"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis","kegg_map_id":"00770"}],"gene_sequence":"ATGACTGCACCACACAGAAGTACTATTCATATTCTTGGGTTGGGTGCCATGGGTACCGTTTTGGCAGTTGACCTTTTAAGATTTACCAATGCCCTAGTTGTGCCCTTATTTAGATCACAAGAAAGACTTGCACAATTTCAGAAGACAAATGGGAACAACATTTCGATTCGCAAACTTTATTTGGAAGGCTCGCCAATATTTTCTTATCCAGTGGAGAAATGCGAATGCCCTGAAACTTTCTCTAAAAAACCTATTGACAACTTAGTCGTCACTACAAAGACTTACCAAACCAAAGAAGCACTAGCTCCTTATTTGCCTTATATTAATAAAAATACAAACTTAATTTTGATTCAGAATGGACTGGGCGTTTTAGAACTATTGAGAGAAGAAATCTTTACAGATTCAAAAAACAGACCACATTTATTTCAGGGTGTCATTTCTCATGGCGTTTATCAGGATAAAGCAGGAGTTTTCAATCATGCTGGGTGGGCTGGTATGAAAATTGCCAAATTGCCTTGGACTGAGGAAGAAATGATTCAAAAAAAATCCGTAGTCGAGGACGATGCAGCCAATAACTCATTAGTAAAATTATTAACAGAACCAAAATTTGCCAAGGAATTTGGAATAGAACATTCCACTTATCAAGAAATGCTCTTTGGTCAATTATTTAAATTTTTGGTTAATGCATGCATGAATCCAGTTACGGCTATTCTAGATTGTGTCAATGGTGAGATGAAGGCCAGTTGCGGTCCAGTTTTCACATCTATTATTGACGAGTGTTTACAAATATTGAGAGTTGCTTATAGGCCATTGTTTCAATACCACGAAAAATACAGCGGTAATGAAGAATACCCAGAAATGGATGTCAATGCAGTACTGACAACCGATAACATGGTCTCCGAAGTCACTAGAATTGGCTGTGACATCAATTCTAGGAACAGTAGTTCAATGAGACAAGACACTTTGTTCTTAAGAGACATTGAAATTGAGTATATCAATGGCTATGTCGTCAAATTGGCTGATAACTTAAATCTAGACCCAAACTGCTGCAAGGTTAATAAAACTATCGGAGAATTGGCCACTATGAGATTAGCATTGAACAGGTCGAGAAGTATCAATGGTGACTGGAGAAAGGACTGA","protein_sequence":"MTAPHRSTIHILGLGAMGTVLAVDLLRFTNALVVPLFRSQERLAQFQKTNGNNISIRKLYLEGSPIFSYPVEKCECPETFSKKPIDNLVVTTKTYQTKEALAPYLPYINKNTNLILIQNGLGVLELLREEIFTDSKNRPHLFQGVISHGVYQDKAGVFNHAGWAGMKIAKLPWTEEEMIQKKSVVEDDAANNSLVKLLTEPKFAKEFGIEHSTYQEMLFGQLFKFLVNACMNPVTAILDCVNGEMKASCGPVFTSIIDECLQILRVAYRPLFQYHEKYSGNEEYPEMDVNAVLTTDNMVSEVTRIGCDINSRNSSSMRQDTLFLRDIEIEYINGYVVKLADNLNLDPNCCKVNKTIGELATMRLALNRSRSINGDWRKD"}]}