{"ymdb_id":"YMDB00169","created_at":"2011-05-29T16:03:26.000Z","updated_at":"2016-09-08T18:35:08.000Z","name":"3-(indol-3-yl)pyruvic acid","cas":"392-12-1","state":null,"melting_point":null,"description":"3-(Indol-3-yl)pyruvic acid (3-indolepyruvate) is an intermediate in tryptophan degradation pathway to tryptophol. Tryptophan is deaminated to form 3-indolepyruvate which is then decarboxylated to form trytophol. ","experimental_water_solubility":null,"experimental_logp_hydrophobicity":null,"location":"Cytoplasm","synthesis_reference":null,"chebi_id":"29750","hmdb_id":null,"kegg_id":"C00331","pubchem_id":"803","cs_id":"781","foodb_id":null,"wikipedia_link":null,"biocyc_id":null,"iupac":"3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-oxopropanoic acid","traditional_iupac":"3-(indol-3-yl)pyruvic acid","logp":"1.9989757659999996","pka":"15.040628284598952","alogps_solubility":"2.37e-01 g/l","alogps_logp":"1.71","alogps_logs":"-2.93","acceptor_count":"3","donor_count":"2","rotatable_bond_count":"3","polar_surface_area":"70.16","refractivity":"53.79810000000001","polarizability":"19.72292001680295","formal_charge":"0","physiological_charge":"-1","pka_strongest_basic":"-9.759146672079298","pka_strongest_acidic":"3.4941090875988134","bioavailability":"1","number_of_rings":"2","rule_of_five":"1","ghose_filter":"1","veber_rule":"0","mddr_like_rule":"0","synonyms":["(Indol-3-yl)pyruvate","(indol-3-yl)pyruvic acid","1H-Indole-3-propanoic acid, \u0026alpha","1H-Indole-3-propanoic acid, alpha-oxo-","3-(1H-Indol-3-yl)-2-oxopropanoic acid","3-(Indol-3-yl)pyruvate","3-Indolepyruvic acid","3-Indolylpyroracemic acid","3-Indolylpyruvic acid","beta-Indolepyruvic acid","beta-Indolylpyruvic acid","Indole-3-pyruvate","indole-3-pyruvic acid","indole-3-pyruvic acid monohydrate","Indolepyruvate","Indolepyruvic acid","Indolyl-3-pyruvate"],"pathways":[{"name":"Tryptophan metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00380"}],"growth_conditions":[],"references":[{"pubmed_id":21051339,"citation":"UniProt Consortium (2011). \"Ongoing and future developments at the Universal Protein Resource.\" Nucleic Acids Res 39:D214-D219."},{"pubmed_id":18846089,"citation":"Herrgard, M. J., Swainston, N., Dobson, P., Dunn, W. B., Arga, K. Y., Arvas, M., Bluthgen, N., Borger, S., Costenoble, R., Heinemann, M., Hucka, M., Le Novere, N., Li, P., Liebermeister, W., Mo, M. L., Oliveira, A. P., Petranovic, D., Pettifer, S., Simeonidis, E., Smallbone, K., Spasic, I., Weichart, D., Brent, R., Broomhead, D. S., Westerhoff, H. V., Kirdar, B., Penttila, M., Klipp, E., Palsson, B. O., Sauer, U., Oliver, S. G., Mendes, P., Nielsen, J., Kell, D. B. (2008). \"A consensus yeast metabolic network reconstruction obtained from a community approach to systems biology.\" Nat Biotechnol 26:1155-1160."},{"pubmed_id":12902239,"citation":"Vuralhan, Z., Morais, M. A., Tai, S. L., Piper, M. D., Pronk, J. T. (2003). \"Identification and characterization of phenylpyruvate decarboxylase genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.\" Appl Environ Microbiol 69:4534-4541."},{"pubmed_id":9491083,"citation":"Iraqui, I., Vissers, S., Cartiaux, M., Urrestarazu, A. (1998). \"Characterisation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ARO8 and ARO9 genes encoding aromatic aminotransferases I and II reveals a new aminotransferase subfamily.\" Mol Gen Genet 257:238-248."},{"pubmed_id":12499363,"citation":"Dickinson, J. R., Salgado, L. E., Hewlins, M. J. (2003). \"The catabolism of amino acids to long chain and complex alcohols in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.\" J Biol Chem 278:8028-8034."}],"proteins":[{"created_at":"2011-05-24T20:26:42.000Z","updated_at":"2011-07-22T17:53:52.000Z","name":"Pyruvate decarboxylase isozyme 2","uniprot_id":"P16467","uniprot_name":"PDC5_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"PDC5","num_residues":563,"molecular_weight":"61911.60156","theoretical_pi":"6.4","general_function":"Involved in magnesium ion binding","specific_function":"Second most abundant of three pyruvate decarboxylases (PDC1, PDC5, PDC6) implicated in the nonoxidative conversion of pyruvate to acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide during alcoholic fermentation. Most of the produced acetaldehyde is subsequently reduced to ethanol, but some is required for cytosolic acetyl-CoA production for biosynthetic pathways. The enzyme is also one of five 2-oxo acid decarboxylases (PDC1, PDC5, PDC6, ARO10, and THI3) able to decarboxylate more complex 2-oxo acids (alpha-keto-acids) than pyruvate, which seem mainly involved in amino acid catabolism. Here the enzyme catalyzes the decarboxylation of amino acids, which, in a first step, have been transaminated to the corresponding 2-oxo acids. In a third step, the resulting aldehydes are reduced to alcohols, collectively referred to as fusel oils or alcohols. Its preferred substrates are the transaminated amino acids valine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan, whereas leucine is no substrate. In a side-reaction the carbanionic intermediate (or active aldehyde) generated by decarboxylation or by activation of an aldehyde can react with an aldehyde via condensation (or carboligation) yielding a 2-hydroxy ketone, collectively called acyloins","reactions":[{"id":1184,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1186,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1228,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1658,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1841,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1933,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1934,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2319,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. 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Nucleus","genbank_gene_id":"U53881","genbank_protein_id":"1256902","gene_card_id":"PDC5","chromosome_location":"chromosome 12","locus":"YLR134W","synonyms":[],"enzyme_classes":["4.1.1.-","4.1.1.1"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" carbon-carbon lyase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" carboxy-lyase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" cation binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" metal ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" vitamin binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" magnesium ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" thiamin pyrophosphate binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" lyase activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" Not Available"}],"pfams":[{"name":"TPP_enzyme_C","identifier":"PF02775"},{"name":"TPP_enzyme_M","identifier":"PF00205"},{"name":"TPP_enzyme_N","identifier":"PF02776"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis","kegg_map_id":"00010"},{"name":"Ethanol fermentation","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"Isoleucine degradation","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"Phenylalanine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00360"},{"name":"Pyruvate metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00620"},{"name":"Tryptophan metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00380"},{"name":"Tyrosine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00350"},{"name":"Valine Degradation","kegg_map_id":null}],"gene_sequence":"ATGTCTGAAATAACCTTAGGTAAATATTTATTTGAAAGATTGAGCCAAGTCAACTGTAACACCGTCTTCGGTTTGCCAGGTGACTTTAACTTGTCTCTTTTGGATAAGCTTTATGAAGTCAAAGGTATGAGATGGGCTGGTAACGCTAACGAATTGAACGCTGCCTATGCTGCTGATGGTTACGCTCGTATCAAGGGTATGTCCTGTATTATTACCACCTTCGGTGTTGGTGAATTGTCTGCTTTGAATGGTATTGCCGGTTCTTACGCTGAACATGTCGGTGTTTTGCACGTTGTTGGTGTTCCATCCATCTCTTCTCAAGCTAAGCAATTGTTGTTGCATCATACCTTGGGTAACGGTGACTTCACTGTTTTCCACAGAATGTCTGCCAACATTTCTGAAACCACTGCCATGATCACTGATATTGCTAACGCTCCAGCTGAAATTGACAGATGTATCAGAACCACCTACACTACCCAAAGACCAGTCTACTTGGGTTTGCCAGCTAACTTGGTTGACTTGAACGTCCCAGCCAAGTTATTGGAAACTCCAATTGACTTGTCTTTGAAGCCAAACGACGCTGAAGCTGAAGCTGAAGTTGTTAGAACTGTTGTTGAATTGATCAAGGATGCTAAGAACCCAGTTATCTTGGCTGATGCTTGTGCTTCTAGACATGATGTCAAGGCTGAAACTAAGAAGTTGATGGACTTGACTCAATTCCCAGTTTACGTCACCCCAATGGGTAAGGGTGCTATTGACGAACAACACCCAAGATACGGTGGTGTTTACGTTGGTACCTTGTCTAGACCAGAAGTTAAGAAGGCTGTAGAATCTGCTGATTTGATATTGTCTATCGGTGCTTTGTTGTCTGATTTCAATACCGGTTCTTTCTCTTACTCCTACAAGACCAAAAATATCGTTGAATTCCACTCTGACCACATCAAGATCAGAAACGCCACCTTCCCAGGTGTTCAAATGAAATTTGCCTTGCAAAAATTGTTGGATGCTATTCCAGAAGTCGTCAAGGACTACAAACCTGTTGCTGTCCCAGCTAGAGTTCCAATTACCAAGTCTACTCCAGCTAACACTCCAATGAAGCAAGAATGGATGTGGAACCATTTGGGTAACTTCTTGAGAGAAGGTGATATTGTTATTGCTGAAACCGGTACTTCCGCCTTCGGTATTAACCAAACTACTTTCCCAACAGATGTATACGCTATCGTCCAAGTCTTGTGGGGTTCCATTGGTTTCACAGTCGGCGCTCTATTGGGTGCTACTATGGCCGCTGAAGAACTTGATCCAAAGAAGAGAGTTATTTTATTCATTGGTGACGGTTCTCTACAATTGACTGTTCAAGAAATCTCTACCATGATTAGATGGGGTTTGAAGCCATACATTTTTGTCTTGAATAACAACGGTTACACCATTGAAAAATTGATTCACGGTCCTCATGCCGAATATAATGAAATTCAAGGTTGGGACCACTTGGCCTTATTGCCAACTTTTGGTGCTAGAAACTACGAAACCCACAGAGTTGCTACCACTGGTGAATGGGAAAAGTTGACTCAAGACAAGGACTTCCAAGACAACTCTAAGATTAGAATGATTGAAGTTATGTTGCCAGTCTTTGATGCTCCACAAAACTTGGTTAAACAAGCTCAATTGACTGCCGCTACTAACGCTAAACAATAA","protein_sequence":"MSEITLGKYLFERLSQVNCNTVFGLPGDFNLSLLDKLYEVKGMRWAGNANELNAAYAADGYARIKGMSCIITTFGVGELSALNGIAGSYAEHVGVLHVVGVPSISSQAKQLLLHHTLGNGDFTVFHRMSANISETTAMITDIANAPAEIDRCIRTTYTTQRPVYLGLPANLVDLNVPAKLLETPIDLSLKPNDAEAEAEVVRTVVELIKDAKNPVILADACASRHDVKAETKKLMDLTQFPVYVTPMGKGAIDEQHPRYGGVYVGTLSRPEVKKAVESADLILSIGALLSDFNTGSFSYSYKTKNIVEFHSDHIKIRNATFPGVQMKFALQKLLDAIPEVVKDYKPVAVPARVPITKSTPANTPMKQEWMWNHLGNFLREGDIVIAETGTSAFGINQTTFPTDVYAIVQVLWGSIGFTVGALLGATMAAEELDPKKRVILFIGDGSLQLTVQEISTMIRWGLKPYIFVLNNNGYTIEKLIHGPHAEYNEIQGWDHLALLPTFGARNYETHRVATTGEWEKLTQDKDFQDNSKIRMIEVMLPVFDAPQNLVKQAQLTAATNAKQ"},{"created_at":"2011-05-24T20:27:16.000Z","updated_at":"2011-07-22T17:53:52.000Z","name":"Pyruvate decarboxylase isozyme 3","uniprot_id":"P26263","uniprot_name":"PDC6_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"PDC6","num_residues":563,"molecular_weight":"61579.89844","theoretical_pi":"6.11","general_function":"Involved in magnesium ion binding","specific_function":"Minor of three pyruvate decarboxylases (PDC1, PDC5, PDC6) implicated in the nonoxidative conversion of pyruvate to acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide during alcoholic fermentation. Most of the produced acetaldehyde is subsequently reduced to ethanol, but some is required for cytosolic acetyl-CoA production for biosynthetic pathways. The enzyme is also one of five 2-oxo acid decarboxylases (PDC1, PDC5, PDC6, ARO10, and THI3) able to decarboxylate more complex 2-oxo acids (alpha-keto-acids) than pyruvate, which seem mainly involved in amino acid catabolism. Here the enzyme catalyzes the decarboxylation of amino acids, which, in a first step, have been transaminated to the corresponding 2-oxo acids. In a third step, the resulting aldehydes are reduced to alcohols, collectively referred to as fusel oils or alcohols. Its preferred substrates are the transaminated amino acids valine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan, whereas leucine is no substrate. In a side-reaction the carbanionic intermediate (or active aldehyde) generated by decarboxylation or by activation of an aldehyde can react with an aldehyde via condensation (or carboligation) yielding a 2-hydroxy ketone, collectively called acyloins. The expression level of this protein in the presence of fermentable carbon sources is so low that it can not compensate for the other two pyruvate decarboxylases to sustain fermentation","reactions":[{"id":1184,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1186,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1228,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1658,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1841,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1933,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1934,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2319,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm;Nucleus","altext":"A 2-oxo acid = an aldehyde + CO(2).","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2320,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm","altext":"3-(indol-3-yl)pyruvate = 2-(indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde + CO(2).","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2321,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm","altext":"Phenylpyruvate = phenylacetaldehyde + CO(2).","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2322,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm","altext":"Pyruvate = Acetaldehyde + CO(2).","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2323,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm","altext":"A 2-oxo acid + an aldehyde = A 2-hydroxy ketone + CO(2).","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2324,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm","altext":"An aldehyde + an aldehyde = A 2-hydroxy ketone.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":14096,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006520","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14097,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006525","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14098,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006537","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14099,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006557","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14100,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006971","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14101,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006979","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14283,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006759","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14285,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006770","source":"Smpdb"}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":"Cytoplasm","genbank_gene_id":"X55905","genbank_protein_id":"4116","gene_card_id":"PDC6","chromosome_location":"chromosome 7","locus":"YGR087C","synonyms":[],"enzyme_classes":["4.1.1.-","4.1.1.1"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" carbon-carbon lyase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" carboxy-lyase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" cation binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" metal ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" vitamin binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" magnesium ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" thiamin pyrophosphate binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" lyase activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" Not Available"}],"pfams":[{"name":"TPP_enzyme_C","identifier":"PF02775"},{"name":"TPP_enzyme_M","identifier":"PF00205"},{"name":"TPP_enzyme_N","identifier":"PF02776"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis","kegg_map_id":"00010"},{"name":"Ethanol fermentation","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"Isoleucine degradation","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"Phenylalanine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00360"},{"name":"Pyruvate metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00620"},{"name":"Tryptophan metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00380"},{"name":"Tyrosine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00350"},{"name":"Valine Biosynthesis","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"Valine Degradation","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"isoleucine biosynthesis","kegg_map_id":null}],"gene_sequence":"ATGTCTGAAATTACTCTTGGAAAATACTTATTTGAAAGATTGAAGCAAGTTAATGTTAACACCATTTTTGGGCTACCAGGCGACTTCAACTTGTCCCTATTGGACAAGATTTACGAGGTAGATGGATTGAGATGGGCTGGTAATGCAAATGAGCTGAACGCCGCCTATGCCGCCGATGGTTACGCACGCATCAAGGGTTTATCTGTGCTGGTAACTACTTTTGGCGTAGGTGAATTATCCGCCTTGAATGGTATTGCAGGATCGTATGCAGAACACGTCGGTGTACTGCATGTTGTTGGTGTCCCCTCTATCTCCGCTCAGGCTAAGCAATTGTTGTTGCATCATACCTTGGGTAACGGTGATTTTACCGTTTTTCACAGAATGTCCGCCAATATCTCAGAAACTACATCAATGATTACAGACATTGCTACAGCCCCTTCAGAAATCGATAGGTTGATCAGGACAACATTTATAACACAAAGGCCTAGCTACTTGGGGTTGCCAGCGAATTTGGTAGATCTAAAGGTTCCTGGTTCTCTTTTGGAAAAACCGATTGATCTATCATTAAAACCTAACGATCCCGAAGCTGAAAAGGAAGTTATTGATACCGTACTAGAATTGATCCAGAATTCGAAAAACCCTGTTATACTATCGGATGCCTGTGCTTCTAGGCACAACGTTAAAAAAGAAACCCAGAAGTTAATTGATTTGACGCAATTCCCAGCTTTTGTGACACCTCTAGGTAAAGGGTCAATAGATGAACAGCATCCCAGATATGGCGGTGTTTATGTGGGAACGCTGTCCAAACAAGACGTGAAACAGGCCGTTGAGTCGGCTGATTTGATCCTTTCGGTCGGTGCTTTGCTCTCTGATTTTAACACAGGTTCGTTTTCCTACTCCTACAAGACTAAAAATGTAGTGGAGTTTCATTCCGATTACGTAAAGGTGAAGAACGCTACGTTCCTCGGTGTACAAATGAAATTTGCACTACAAAACTTACTGAAGGTTATTCCCGATGTTGTTAAGGGCTACAAGAGCGTTCCCGTACCAACCAAAACTCCCGCAAACAAAGGTGTACCTGCTAGCACGCCCTTGAAACAAGAGTGGTTGTGGAACGAATTGTCCAAATTCTTGCAAGAAGGTGATGTTATCATTTCCGAGACCGGCACGTCTGCCTTCGGTATCAATCAAACTATCTTTCCTAAGGACGCCTACGGTATCTCGCAGGTGTTGTGGGGGTCCATCGGTTTTACAACAGGAGCAACTTTAGGTGCTGCCTTTGCCGCTGAGGAGATTGACCCCAACAAGAGAGTCATCTTATTCATAGGTGACGGGTCTTTGCAGTTAACCGTCCAAGAAATCTCCACCATGATCAGATGGGGGTTAAAGCCGTATCTTTTTGTCCTTAACAACGACGGCTACACTATCGAAAAGCTGATTCATGGGCCTCACGCAGAGTACAACGAAATCCAGACCTGGGATCACCTCGCCCTGTTGCCCGCATTTGGTGCGAAAAAGTACGAAAATCACAAGATCGCCACTACGGGTGAGTGGGATGCCTTAACCACTGATTCAGAGTTCCAGAAAAACTCGGTGATCAGACTAATTGAACTGAAACTGCCCGTCTTTGATGCTCCGGAAAGTTTGATCAAACAAGCGCAATTGACTGCCGCTACAAATGCCAAACAATAA","protein_sequence":"MSEITLGKYLFERLKQVNVNTIFGLPGDFNLSLLDKIYEVDGLRWAGNANELNAAYAADGYARIKGLSVLVTTFGVGELSALNGIAGSYAEHVGVLHVVGVPSISAQAKQLLLHHTLGNGDFTVFHRMSANISETTSMITDIATAPSEIDRLIRTTFITQRPSYLGLPANLVDLKVPGSLLEKPIDLSLKPNDPEAEKEVIDTVLELIQNSKNPVILSDACASRHNVKKETQKLIDLTQFPAFVTPLGKGSIDEQHPRYGGVYVGTLSKQDVKQAVESADLILSVGALLSDFNTGSFSYSYKTKNVVEFHSDYVKVKNATFLGVQMKFALQNLLKVIPDVVKGYKSVPVPTKTPANKGVPASTPLKQEWLWNELSKFLQEGDVIISETGTSAFGINQTIFPKDAYGISQVLWGSIGFTTGATLGAAFAAEEIDPNKRVILFIGDGSLQLTVQEISTMIRWGLKPYLFVLNNDGYTIEKLIHGPHAEYNEIQTWDHLALLPAFGAKKYENHKIATTGEWDALTTDSEFQKNSVIRLIELKLPVFDAPESLIKQAQLTAATNAKQ"},{"created_at":"2011-05-24T20:31:18.000Z","updated_at":"2011-07-22T17:53:52.000Z","name":"Pyruvate decarboxylase isozyme 1","uniprot_id":"P06169","uniprot_name":"PDC1_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"PDC1","num_residues":563,"molecular_weight":"61494.89844","theoretical_pi":"6.11","general_function":"Involved in magnesium ion binding","specific_function":"Major of three pyruvate decarboxylases (PDC1, PDC5, PDC6) implicated in the nonoxidative conversion of pyruvate to acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide during alcoholic fermentation. Most of the produced acetaldehyde is subsequently reduced to ethanol, but some is required for cytosolic acetyl-CoA production for biosynthetic pathways. The enzyme is also one of five 2-oxo acid decarboxylases (PDC1, PDC5, PDC6, ARO10, and THI3) able to decarboxylate more complex 2-oxo acids (alpha-ketoacids) than pyruvate, which seem mainly involved in amino acid catabolism. Here the enzyme catalyzes the decarboxylation of amino acids, which, in a first step, have been transaminated to the corresponding 2-oxo acids. In a third step, the resulting aldehydes are reduced to alcohols, collectively referred to as fusel oils or alcohols. Its preferred substrates are the transaminated amino acids valine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan, whereas leucine is no substrate. In a side-reaction the carbanionic intermediate (or active aldehyde) generated by decarboxylation or by activation of an aldehyde can react with an aldehyde via condensation (or carboligation) yielding a 2-hydroxy ketone, collectively called acyloins","reactions":[{"id":1184,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1186,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1228,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1658,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1841,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1933,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1934,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2319,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm;Nucleus","altext":"A 2-oxo acid = an aldehyde + CO(2).","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2320,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm","altext":"3-(indol-3-yl)pyruvate = 2-(indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde + CO(2).","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2321,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm","altext":"Phenylpyruvate = phenylacetaldehyde + CO(2).","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2322,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm","altext":"Pyruvate = Acetaldehyde + CO(2).","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2323,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm","altext":"A 2-oxo acid + an aldehyde = A 2-hydroxy ketone + CO(2).","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2324,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm","altext":"An aldehyde + an aldehyde = A 2-hydroxy ketone.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":14096,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006520","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14097,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006525","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14098,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006537","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14099,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006557","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14100,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006971","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14101,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006979","source":"Smpdb"}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":"1QPB","cellular_location":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus","genbank_gene_id":"X77316","genbank_protein_id":"871533","gene_card_id":"PDC1","chromosome_location":"chromosome 12","locus":"YLR044C","synonyms":[],"enzyme_classes":["4.1.1.-","4.1.1.1"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" carbon-carbon lyase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" carboxy-lyase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" cation binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" metal ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" vitamin binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" magnesium ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" thiamin pyrophosphate binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" lyase activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" Not Available"}],"pfams":[{"name":"TPP_enzyme_C","identifier":"PF02775"},{"name":"TPP_enzyme_M","identifier":"PF00205"},{"name":"TPP_enzyme_N","identifier":"PF02776"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis","kegg_map_id":"00010"},{"name":"Ethanol fermentation","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"Isoleucine degradation","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"Phenylalanine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00360"},{"name":"Pyruvate metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00620"},{"name":"Tryptophan metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00380"},{"name":"Tyrosine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00350"},{"name":"Valine Degradation","kegg_map_id":null}],"gene_sequence":"ATGTCTGAAATTACTTTGGGTAAATATTTGTTCGAAAGATTAAAGCAAGTCAACGTTAACACCGTTTTCGGTTTGCCAGGTGACTTCAACTTGTCCTTGTTGGACAAGATCTACGAAGTTGAAGGTATGAGATGGGCTGGTAACGCCAACGAATTGAACGCTCGTTACGCCGCTGATGGTTACGCTCGTATCAAGGGTATGTCTTGTATCATCACCACCTTCGGTGTCGGTGAATTGTCTGCTTTGAACGGTATTGCCGGTTCTTACGCTGAACACGTCGGTGTTTTGCACGTTGTTGGTGTCCCATCCATCTCTTCTCAAGCTAAGCAATTGTTGTTGCACCACACCTTGGGTAACGGTGACTTCACTGTTTTCCACAGAATGTCTGCCAACATTTCTGAAACCACTGCTATGATCACTGACATCTGTACCGCCCCAGCTGAAATTGACAGATGTATCAGAACCACTTACGTCACCCAAAGACCAGTCTACTTAGGTTTGCCAGCTAACTTGGTCGACTTGAACGTCCCAGCTAAGTTGTTGCAAACTCCAATTGACATGTCTTTGAAGCCAAACGATGCTGAATCCGAAAAGGAAGTCATTGACACCATCTTGGTCTTGGCTAAGGATGCTAAGAACCCAGTTATCTTGGCTGATGCTTGTTGTTCCAGACACGACGTCAAGGCTGAAACTAAGAAGTTGATTGACTTGACTCAATTCCCAGCTTTCGTCACCCCAATGGGTAAGGGTTCCATTAGCGAACAACACCCAAGATACGGTGGTGTTTACGTCGGTACCTTGTCCAAGCCAGAAGTTAAGGAAGCCGTTGAATCTGCTGACTTGATTTTGTCTGTCGGTGCTTTGTTGTCTGATTTCAACACCGGTTCTTTCTCTTACTCTTACAAGACCAAGAACATTGTCGAATTCCACTCCGACCACATGAAGATCAGAAACGCCACTTTCCCAGGTGTCCAAATGAAATTCGTTTTGCAAAAGTTGTTGACCAATATTGCTGACGCCGCTAAGGGTTACAAGCCAGTTGCTGTCCCAGCTAGAACTCCAGCTAACGCTGCTGTCCCAGCTTCTACCCCATTGAAGCAAGAATGGATGTGGAACCAATTGGGTAACTTCTTGCAAGAAGGTGATGTTGTCATTGCTGAAACCGGTACCTCCGCTTTCGGTATCAACCAAACCACTTTCCCAAACAACACCTACGGTATCTCTCAAGTCTTATGGGGTTCCATTGGTTTCACCACTGGTGCTACCTTGGGTGCTGCTTTCGCTGCTGAAGAAATTGATCCAAAGAAGAGAGTTATCTTATTCATTGGTGACGGTTCTTTGCAATTGACTGTTCAAGAAATCTCCACCATGATCAGATGGGGCTTGAAGCCATACTTGTTCGTCTTGAACAACGATGGTTACACCATTGAAAAGTTGATTCACGGTCCAAAGGCTCAATACAACGAAATTCAAGGTTGGGACCACCTATCCTTGTTGCCAACTTTCGGTGCTAAGGACTACGAAACCCACAGAGTCGCTACCACCGGTGAATGGGACAAGTTGACCCAAGACAAGTCTTTCAACGACAACTCTAAGATCAGAATGATTGAGGTTATGTTGCCAGTCTTCGATGCTCCACAAAACTTGGTTGAACAAGCTAAGTTGACTGCTGCTACCAACGCTAAGCAATAA","protein_sequence":"MSEITLGKYLFERLKQVNVNTVFGLPGDFNLSLLDKIYEVEGMRWAGNANELNAAYAADGYARIKGMSCIITTFGVGELSALNGIAGSYAEHVGVLHVVGVPSISAQAKQLLLHHTLGNGDFTVFHRMSANISETTAMITDIATAPAEIDRCIRTTYVTQRPVYLGLPANLVDLNVPAKLLQTPIDMSLKPNDAESEKEVIDTILALVKDAKNPVILADACCSRHDVKAETKKLIDLTQFPAFVTPMGKGSIDEQHPRYGGVYVGTLSKPEVKEAVESADLILSVGALLSDFNTGSFSYSYKTKNIVEFHSDHMKIRNATFPGVQMKFVLQKLLTTIADAAKGYKPVAVPARTPANAAVPASTPLKQEWMWNQLGNFLQEGDVVIAETGTSAFGINQTTFPNNTYGISQVLWGSIGFTTGATLGAAFAAEEIDPKKRVILFIGDGSLQLTVQEISTMIRWGLKPYLFVLNNDGYTIEKLIHGPKAQYNEIQGWDHLSLLPTFGAKDYETHRVATTGEWDKLTQDKSFNDNSKIRMIEIMLPVFDAPQNLVEQAKLTAATNAKQ"},{"created_at":"2011-05-27T02:09:02.000Z","updated_at":"2011-07-22T17:53:49.000Z","name":"Transaminated amino acid decarboxylase","uniprot_id":"Q06408","uniprot_name":"ARO10_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"ARO10","num_residues":635,"molecular_weight":"71383.79688","theoretical_pi":"6.51","general_function":"Involved in magnesium ion binding","specific_function":"One of five 2-oxo acid decarboxylases (PDC1, PDC5, PDC6, ARO10, and THI3) involved in amino acid catabolism. The enzyme catalyzes the decarboxylation of amino acids, which, in a first step, have been transaminated to the corresponding 2-oxo acids (alpha-keto-acids). In a third step, the resulting aldehydes are reduced to alcohols, collectively referred to as fusel oils or alcohols. Its preferred substrates are the transaminated amino acids, phenylalanine, tryptophan, (and probably tyrosine), but also isoleucine, whereas leucine is a low efficiency and valine and pyruvate are no substrates. In analogy to the pyruvate decarboxylases the enzyme may in a side-reaction catalyze condensation (or carboligation) reactions leading to the formation of 2-hydroxy ketone, collectively called acyloins","reactions":[{"id":1186,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1197,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1658,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1841,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2319,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm;Nucleus","altext":"A 2-oxo acid = an aldehyde + CO(2).","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2321,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm","altext":"Phenylpyruvate = phenylacetaldehyde + CO(2).","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2320,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm","altext":"3-(indol-3-yl)pyruvate = 2-(indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde + CO(2).","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":14461,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006975","source":"Smpdb"}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":"Cytoplasm","genbank_gene_id":"U28373","genbank_protein_id":"849201","gene_card_id":"ARO10","chromosome_location":"chromosome 4","locus":"YDR380W","synonyms":["Transaminated branched-chain amino acid decarboxylase"],"enzyme_classes":["4.1.1.-","4.1.1.43"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" carboxy-lyase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" cation binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" metal ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" vitamin binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" magnesium ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" thiamin pyrophosphate binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" lyase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" carbon-carbon lyase activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" Not Available"}],"pfams":[{"name":"TPP_enzyme_C","identifier":"PF02775"},{"name":"TPP_enzyme_M","identifier":"PF00205"},{"name":"TPP_enzyme_N","identifier":"PF02776"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Leucine Degradation","kegg_map_id":null}],"gene_sequence":"ATGGCACCTGTTACAATTGAAAAGTTCGTAAATCAAGAAGAACGACACCTTGTTTCCAACCGATCAGCAACAATTCCGTTTGGTGAATACATATTTAAAAGATTGTTGTCCATCGATACGAAATCAGTTTTCGGTGTTCCTGGTGACTTCAACTTATCTCTATTAGAATATCTCTATTCACCTAGTGTTGAATCAGCTGGCCTAAGATGGGTCGGCACGTGTAATGAACTGAACGCCGCTTATGCGGCCGACGGATATTCCCGTTACTCTAATAAGATTGGCTGTTTAATAACCACGTATGGCGTTGGTGAATTAAGCGCCTTGAACGGTATAGCCGGTTCGTTCGCTGAAAATGTCAAAGTTTTGCACATTGTTGGTGTGGCCAAGTCCATAGATTCGCGTTCAAGTAACTTTAGTGATCGGAACCTACATCATTTGGTCCCACAGCTACATGATTCAAATTTTAAAGGGCCAAATCATAAAGTATATCATGATATGGTAAAAGATAGAGTCGCTTGCTCGGTAGCCTACTTGGAGGATATTGAAACTGCATGTGACCAAGTCGATAATGTTATCCGCGATATTTACAAGTATTCTAAACCTGGTTATATTTTTGTTCCTGCAGATTTTGCGGATATGTCTGTTACATGTGATAATTTGGTTAATGTTCCACGTATATCTCAACAAGATTGTATAGTATACCCTTCTGAAAACCAATTGTCTGACATAATCAACAAGATTACTAGTTGGATATATTCCAGTAAAACACCTGCGATCCTTGGAGACGTACTGACTGATAGGTATGGTGTGAGTAACTTTTTGAACAAGCTTATCTGCAAAACTGGGATTTGGAATTTTTCCACTGTTATGGGAAAATCTGTAATTGATGAGTCAAACCCAACTTATATGGGTCAATATAATGGTAAAGAAGGTTTAAAACAAGTCTATGAACATTTTGAACTGTGCGACTTGGTCTTGCATTTTGGAGTCGACATCAATGAAATTAATAATGGGCATTATACTTTTACTTATAAACCAAATGCTAAAATCATTCAATTTCATCCGAATTATATTCGCCTTGTGGACACTAGGCAGGGCAATGAGCAAATGTTCAAAGGAATCAATTTTGCCCCTATTTTAAAAGAACTATACAAGCGCATTGACGTTTCTAAACTTTCTTTGCAATATGATTCAAATGTAACTCAATATACGAACGAAACAATGCGGTTAGAAGATCCTACCAATGGACAATCAAGCATTATTACACAAGTTCACTTACAAAAGACGATGCCTAAATTTTTGAACCCTGGTGATGTTGTCGTTTGTGAAACAGGCTCTTTTCAATTCTCTGTTCGTGATTTCGCGTTTCCTTCGCAATTAAAATATATATCGCAAGGATTTTTCCTTTCCATTGGCATGGCCCTTCCTGCCGCCCTAGGTGTTGGAATTGCCATGCAAGACCACTCAAACGCTCACATCAATGGTGGCAACGTAAAAGAGGACTATAAGCCAAGATTAATTTTGTTTGAAGGTGACGGTGCAGCACAGATGACAATCCAAGAACTGAGCACCATTCTGAAGTGCAATATTCCACTAGAAGTTATCATTTGGAACAATAACGGCTACACTATTGAAAGAGCCATCATGGGCCCTACCAGGTCGTATAACGACGTTATGTCTTGGAAATGGACCAAACTATTTGAAGCATTCGGAGACTTCGACGGAAAGTATACTAATAGCACTCTCATTCAATGTCCCTCTAAATTAGCACTGAAATTGGAGGAGCTTAAGAATTCAAACAAAAGAAGCGGGATAGAACTTTTAGAAGTCAAATTAGGCGAATTGGATTTCCCCGAACAGCTAAAGTGCATGGTTGAAGCAGCGGCACTTAAAAGAAATAAAAAATAG","protein_sequence":"MAPVTIEKFVNQEERHLVSNRSATIPFGEYIFKRLLSIDTKSVFGVPGDFNLSLLEYLYSPSVESAGLRWVGTCNELNAAYAADGYSRYSNKIGCLITTYGVGELSALNGIAGSFAENVKVLHIVGVAKSIDSRSSNFSDRNLHHLVPQLHDSNFKGPNHKVYHDMVKDRVACSVAYLEDIETACDQVDNVIRDIYKYSKPGYIFVPADFADMSVTCDNLVNVPRISQQDCIVYPSENQLSDIINKITSWIYSSKTPAILGDVLTDRYGVSNFLNKLICKTGIWNFSTVMGKSVIDESNPTYMGQYNGKEGLKQVYEHFELCDLVLHFGVDINEINNGHYTFTYKPNAKIIQFHPNYIRLVDTRQGNEQMFKGINFAPILKELYKRIDVSKLSLQYDSNVTQYTNETMRLEDPTNGQSSIITQVHLQKTMPKFLNPGDVVVCETGSFQFSVRDFAFPSQLKYISQGFFLSIGMALPAALGVGIAMQDHSNAHINGGNVKEDYKPRLILFEGDGAAQMTIQELSTILKCNIPLEVIIWNNNGYTIERAIMGPTRSYNDVMSWKWTKLFEAFGDFDGKYTNSTLIQCPSKLALKLEELKNSNKRSGIELLEVKLGELDFPEQLKCMVEAAALKRNKK"},{"created_at":"2011-05-27T02:15:50.000Z","updated_at":"2011-05-27T15:01:17.000Z","name":"Aromatic amino acid aminotransferase 2","uniprot_id":"P38840","uniprot_name":"ARO9_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"ARO9","num_residues":513,"molecular_weight":"58527.0","theoretical_pi":"5.16","general_function":"Involved in transferase activity, transferring nitrogenous groups","specific_function":"Has aromatic amino acid transaminase activity and kynurenine aminotransferase activity","reactions":[{"id":1839,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2024,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2027,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;peroxisome;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2667,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm","altext":"An aromatic amino acid + 2-oxoglutarate = an aromatic oxo acid + L-glutamate.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":3787,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006309","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":3788,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006518","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":3789,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006523","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":3790,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006536","source":"Smpdb"}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":"Cytoplasm","genbank_gene_id":"U10398","genbank_protein_id":"500670","gene_card_id":"ARO9","chromosome_location":"chromosome 8","locus":"YHR137W","synonyms":["Aromatic amino acid aminotransferase II","Aromatic amino acid-requiring protein 9"],"enzyme_classes":["2.6.1.57"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity, transferring nitrogenous groups"},{"category":"Function","description":" cofactor binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" pyridoxal phosphate binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" biosynthetic process"}],"pfams":[{"name":"Aminotran_1_2","identifier":"PF00155"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Cysteine and methionine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00270"},{"name":"Lysine biosynthesis","kegg_map_id":"00300"},{"name":"Tyrosine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00350"},{"name":"Phenylalanine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00360"},{"name":"Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis","kegg_map_id":"00400"},{"name":"Methionine metabolism and salvage","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"Tryptophan metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00380"}],"gene_sequence":"ATGACTGCTGGTTCTGCCCCCCCTGTTGATTACACTTCCTTAAAGAAGAACTTCCAACCGTTTCTCTCCAGAAGAGTAGAAAATAGATCTCTGAAAAGCTTTTGGGATGCTTCTGATATCTCAGATGACGTCATTGAGCTAGCTGGTGGAATGCCAAACGAGAGATTTTTTCCTATCGAATCTATGGATTTGAAAATATCAAAAGTTCCTTTTAATGATAACCCAAAATGGCATAATTCGTTTACCACGGCGCATTTGGACTTGGGATCCCCCAGTGAGCTACCCATTGCACGTTCTTTCCAATATGCAGAAACCAAGGGTTTACCCCCTCTCTTACATTTTGTTAAAGATTTTGTGTCCAGAATTAATCGCCCAGCCTTTTCCGATGAGACGGAGTCTAACTGGGATGTCATCCTTTCTGGCGGGTCCAACGATTCAATGTTTAAGGTTTTTGAAACAATTTGCGACGAATCGACCACTGTGATGATTGAAGAGTTTACTTTCACCCCGGCTATGTCCAATGTGGAGGCTACAGGAGCAAAAGTCATCCCCATCAAGATGAACCTGACCTTCGACAGAGAGTCCCAGGGTATTGATGTCGAATATCTAACGCAGTTGCTCGATAATTGGTCAACTGGACCATACAAAGACTTAAACAAGCCAAGGGTCCTATATACCATTGCAACGGGCCAAAATCCTACCGGGATGTCTGTCCCCCAGTGGAAAAGAGAGAAAATTTACCAGTTGGCCCAAAGACACGATTTCCTCATTGTTGAAGATGATCCCTACGGTTATCTGTACTTTCCTTCCTATAATCCGCAAGAGCCATTAGAAAACCCTTACCATTCTAGCGACCTGACTACTGAACGGTATTTGAATGATTTTTTAATGAAATCATTCTTGACTTTGGATACAGATGCCCGTGTCATCCGTTTGGAGACTTTTTCTAAAATTTTTGCTCCTGGATTAAGGTTATCCTTCATCGTTGCTAATAAATTCCTTTTGCAAAAAATCTTGGATTTGGCCGACATTACTACAAGGGCCCCCAGTGGTACCTCACAAGCTATTGTTTATTCTACAATAAAGGCAATGGCTGAGTCCAACTTATCGTCCTCTCTTTCTATGAAAGAAGCAATGTTTGAGGGTTGGATAAGATGGATAATGCAGATTGCTTCTAAATACAATCATAGGAAAAATCTTACTTTGAAAGCCTTATACGAAACAGAATCTTACCAAGCTGGTCAGTTTACCGTTATGGAACCCTCCGCGGGTATGTTCATCATTATTAAAATCAATTGGGGGAATTTCGATAGACCTGACGATTTGCCGCAACAGATGGATATTTTAGATAAGTTCTTGCTGAAGAATGGTGTTAAAGTAGTGCTTGGTTATAAAATGGCTGTTTGCCCAAATTATTCAAAGCAGAATTCAGATTTTCTAAGACTCACCATCGCCTATGCAAGGGATGATGATCAGTTGATTGAAGCTTCCAAAAGAATCGGTAGTGGCATAAAAGAATTTTTTGACAACTATAAAAGTTGA","protein_sequence":"MTAGSAPPVDYTSLKKNFQPFLSRRVENRSLKSFWDASDISDDVIELAGGMPNERFFPIESMDLKISKVPFNDNPKWHNSFTTAHLDLGSPSELPIARSFQYAETKGLPPLLHFVKDFVSRINRPAFSDETESNWDVILSGGSNDSMFKVFETICDESTTVMIEEFTFTPAMSNVEATGAKVIPIKMNLTFDRESQGIDVEYLTQLLDNWSTGPYKDLNKPRVLYTIATGQNPTGMSVPQWKREKIYQLAQRHDFLIVEDDPYGYLYFPSYNPQEPLENPYHSSDLTTERYLNDFLMKSFLTLDTDARVIRLETFSKIFAPGLRLSFIVANKFLLQKILDLADITTRAPSGTSQAIVYSTIKAMAESNLSSSLSMKEAMFEGWIRWIMQIASKYNHRKNLTLKALYETESYQAGQFTVMEPSAGMFIIIKINWGNFDRPDDLPQQMDILDKFLLKNGVKVVLGYKMAVCPNYSKQNSDFLRLTIAYARDDDQLIEASKRIGSGIKEFFDNYKS"},{"created_at":"2011-05-27T02:16:21.000Z","updated_at":"2011-05-29T14:08:01.000Z","name":"Aromatic amino acid aminotransferase 1","uniprot_id":"P53090","uniprot_name":"ARO8_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"ARO8","num_residues":500,"molecular_weight":"56177.30078","theoretical_pi":"5.86","general_function":"Involved in transferase activity, transferring nitrogenous groups","specific_function":"Has aromatic amino acid transaminase activity. Also active with methionine, alpha-aminoadipate and leucine when phenylpyruvate is the amino acceptor","reactions":[{"id":1839,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2024,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2027,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;peroxisome;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2667,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm","altext":"An aromatic amino acid + 2-oxoglutarate = an aromatic oxo acid + L-glutamate.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2668,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm","altext":"L-2-aminoadipate + 2-oxoglutarate = 2-oxoadipate + L-glutamate","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":14093,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006519","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14094,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006524","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14095,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006535","source":"Smpdb"}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":"Cytoplasm","genbank_gene_id":"AY692962","genbank_protein_id":"51013375","gene_card_id":"ARO8","chromosome_location":"chromosome 7","locus":"YGL202W","synonyms":["Aromatic amino acid aminotransferase I","Aromatic amino acid-requiring protein 8"],"enzyme_classes":["2.6.1.57","2.6.1.39"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity, transferring nitrogenous groups"},{"category":"Function","description":" cofactor binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" pyridoxal phosphate binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" biosynthetic process"}],"pfams":[{"name":"Aminotran_1_2","identifier":"PF00155"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Cysteine and methionine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00270"},{"name":"Lysine biosynthesis","kegg_map_id":"00300"},{"name":"Tyrosine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00350"},{"name":"Phenylalanine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00360"},{"name":"Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis","kegg_map_id":"00400"},{"name":"Tryptophan metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00380"}],"gene_sequence":"ATGACTTTACCTGAATCAAAAGACTTTTCTTACTTGTTTTCGGATGAAACCAATGCTCGTAAACCATCCCCATTGAAAACCTGCATCCATCTTTTCCAAGATCCTAACATTATCTTTTTGGGTGGTGGCCTGCCATTAAAAGATTATTTCCCATGGGATAATCTATCTGTAGATTCACCCAAGCCTCCTTTTCCCCAGGGTATTGGAGCTCCAATTGACGAGCAGAATTGCATAAAATACACCGTCAACAAAGATTACGCTGATAAAAGTGCCAATCCTTCCAACGATATTCCTTTGTCAAGAGCTTTGCAATACGGGTTCAGTGCTGGTCAACCTGAACTATTAAACTTCATTAGAGATCATACCAAGATTATCCACGATTTGAAGTATAAGGACTGGGACGTTTTAGCCACTGCAGGTAACACAAATGCCTGGGAATCTACTTTAAGAGTCTTTTGTAACCGAGGTGATGTCATCTTAGTTGAGGCACATTCTTTTTCCTCTTCATTGGCTTCTGCAGAGGCTCAAGGTGTCATTACCTTCCCCGTGCCAATTGACGCTGATGGTATCATTCCTGAAAAATTAGCTAAAGTCATGGAAAACTGGACACCTGGTGCTCCTAAACCAAAGTTGTTATACACTATTCCAACGGGCCAAAATCCAACTGGTACTTCCATTGCAGACCATAGAAAGGAGGCAATTTACAAGATCGCTCAAAAGTACGACTTCCTAATTGTGGAAGATGAACCTTATTATTTCTTACAAATGAATCCCTACATCAAAGACTTGAAGGAAAGAGAGAAGGCACAAAGTTCTCCAAAGCAGGACCATGACGAATTTTTGAAGTCCTTGGCAAACACTTTCCTTTCCTTGGATACAGAAGGCCGTGTTATTAGAATGGATTCCTTTTCAAAAGTTTTGGCCCCAGGGACAAGATTGGGTTGGATTACTGGTTCATCCAAAATCTTGAAGCCTTACTTGAGTTTGCATGAAATGACGATTCAAGCCCCAGCAGGTTTTACACAAGTTTTGGTCAACGCTACGCTATCCAGGTGGGGTCAAAAGGGTTACTTGGACTGGTTGCTTGGCCTGCGTCATGAATACACTTTGAAACGTGACTGTGCCATCGATGCCCTTTACAAGTATCTACCACAATCTGATGCTTTCGTGATCAATCCTCCAATTGCAGGTATGTTTTTCACCGTGAACATTGACGCATCTGTCCACCCTGAGTTTAAAACAAAATACAACTCAGACCCTTACCAGCTAGAACAGAGTCTTTACCACAAAGTGGTTGAACGTGGTGTTTTAGTGGTTCCCGGTTCTTGGTTCAAGAGTGAGGGTGAGACGGAACCTCCTCAACCCGCTGAATCTAAAGAAGTCAGTAATCCAAACATAATTTTCTTCAGAGGTACCTATGCAGCTGTCTCTCCTGAGAAACTGACTGAAGGTCTGAAGAGATTAGGTGATACTTTATACGAAGAATTTGGTATTTCCAAATAG","protein_sequence":"MTLPESKDFSYLFSDETNARKPSPLKTCIHLFQDPNIIFLGGGLPLKDYFPWDNLSVDSPKPPFPQGIGAPIDEQNCIKYTVNKDYADKSANPSNDIPLSRALQYGFSAGQPELLNFIRDHTKIIHDLKYKDWDVLATAGNTNAWESTLRVFCNRGDVILVEAHSFSSSLASAEAQGVITFPVPIDADGIIPEKLAKVMENWTPGAPKPKLLYTIPTGQNPTGTSIADHRKEAIYKIAQKYDFLIVEDEPYYFLQMNPYIKDLKEREKAQSSPKQDHDEFLKSLANTFLSLDTEGRVIRMDSFSKVLAPGTRLGWITGSSKILKPYLSLHEMTIQAPAGFTQVLVNATLSRWGQKGYLDWLLGLRHEYTLKRDCAIDALYKYLPQSDAFVINPPIAGMFFTVNIDASVHPEFKTKYNSDPYQLEQSLYHKVVERGVLVVPGSWFKSEGETEPPQPAESKEVSNPNIIFFRGTYAAVSPEKLTEGLKRLGDTLYEEFGISK"}]}