L-Serine (YMDB00112)

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Identification

YMDB ID

YMDB00112

Name

L-Serine

Species

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Strain

Baker's yeast

Description

Serine (abbreviated as Ser or S) is an alpha-amino acid. The L-isomer is one of the 22 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the building blocks of proteins. It is classified as a polar amino acid, because of the hydrophilic nature of the alcohol side chain. Together with threonine, serine is one of two proteinogenic amino acids bearing an alcohol group. Serine is important in metabolism in that it participates in the biosynthesis of purines and pyrimidines. It is the precursor to several amino acids including glycine and cysteine, and tryptophan. It is also the precursor to numerous other metabolites, including sphingolipids and folate, which is the principal donor of one-carbon fragments in biosynthesis. Serine catabolism involves serine being converted to glycine and then glycine oxidation to CO2 and NH3, with the production of two equivalents of N5,N10-methyleneTHF. Serine can be catabolized back to the glycolytic intermediate, 3-phosphoglycerate, by a pathway that is essentially a reversal of serine biosynthesis. Serine can also be converted to pyruvate through a deamination reaction catalyzed by serine/threonine dehydratase.

Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

(-)-Serine
(S)-2-amino-3-hydroxy-Propanoate
(S)-2-amino-3-hydroxy-Propanoic acid
(S)-2-Amino-3-hydroxypropanoate
(S)-2-Amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid
(S)-a-Amino-b-hydroxypropionate
(S)-a-Amino-b-hydroxypropionic acid
(S)-alpha-Amino-beta-hydroxypropionate
(S)-alpha-Amino-beta-hydroxypropionic acid
(S)-b-Amino-3-hydroxypropionate
(S)-b-Amino-3-hydroxypropionic acid
(S)-beta-Amino-3-hydroxypropionate
(S)-beta-Amino-3-hydroxypropionic acid
(S)-Serine
2-Amino-3-hydroxypropanoate
2-Amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid
3-hydroxy-L-Alanine
b-Hydroxy-L-alanine
beta-Hydroxy-L-alanine
beta-Hydroxyalanine
L-(-)-Serine
L-3-Hydroxy-2-aminopropionate
L-3-Hydroxy-2-aminopropionic acid
L-3-Hydroxy-alanine
L-Ser
Serine
(2S)-2-Amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid
(S)-(-)-Serine
L-2-Amino-3-hydroxypropionic acid
L-Serin
S
Ser
(2S)-2-Amino-3-hydroxypropanoate
(S)-Α-amino-β-hydroxypropionate
(S)-Α-amino-β-hydroxypropionic acid
Β-hydroxy-L-alanine
b-Hydroxyalanine
Β-hydroxyalanine
L-2-Amino-3-hydroxypropionate
L Serine
(3R,3'r,6S)-4,5-DIDEHYDRO-5,6-dihydro-BETA,BETA-carotene-3,3'-diol
Bo-xan
e 161b
Xanthophyll
(3R,3'r,6S)-4,5-DIDEHYDRO-5,6-dihydro-b,b-carotene-3,3'-diol
(3R,3'r,6S)-4,5-DIDEHYDRO-5,6-dihydro-β,β-carotene-3,3'-diol

CAS number

56-45-1

Weight

Average: 105.0926
Monoisotopic: 105.042593095

InChI Key

MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-REOHCLBHSA-N

InChI

InChI=1S/C3H7NO3/c4-2(1-5)3(6)7/h2,5H,1,4H2,(H,6,7)/t2-/m0/s1

IUPAC Name

(2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid

Traditional IUPAC Name

L-serine

Chemical Formula

C₃H₇NO₃

SMILES

[H]OC(=O)[C@@]([H])(N([H])[H])C([H])([H])O[H]

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

belongs to the class of organic compounds known as serine and derivatives. Serine and derivatives are compounds containing serine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of serine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic acids and derivatives

Class

Carboxylic acids and derivatives

Sub Class

Amino acids, peptides, and analogues

Direct Parent

Serine and derivatives

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Serine or derivatives
Alpha-amino acid
L-alpha-amino acid
Beta-hydroxy acid
Hydroxy acid
Amino acid
Carboxylic acid
Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
Alcohol
Primary amine
Primary alcohol
Organooxygen compound
Organonitrogen compound
Hydrocarbon derivative
Primary aliphatic amine
Organic oxide
Organopnictogen compound
Carbonyl group
Organic oxygen compound
Amine
Organic nitrogen compound
Aliphatic acyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic acyclic compounds

External Descriptors

proteinogenic amino acid (CHEBI:17115 )
L-alpha-amino acid (CHEBI:17115 )
serine (CHEBI:17115 )
serine family amino acid (CHEBI:17115 )
Common amino acids (C00065 )

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Charge

Melting point

228 °C

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Reference
Water Solubility	425 mg/mL at 25 oC [YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)]	PhysProp
LogP	-3.07 [HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)]	PhysProp

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	480 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	-3.4	ALOGPS
logP	-3.9	ChemAxon
logS	0.66	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	2.03	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	8.93	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	4	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	3	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	83.55 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	2	ChemAxon
Refractivity	22.04 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	9.39 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	1	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	Yes	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	Yes	ChemAxon

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

extracellular
mitochondrion
endoplasmic reticulum
cytoplasm

Organoleptic Properties

Not Available

SMPDB Pathways

Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids	PW002403
Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids (docosanoyl)	PW002408
Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids (icosanoyl)	PW002434
Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids (stearoyl)	PW002435
Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids (tetracosanoyl-CoA)	PW002404

KEGG Pathways

Sphingolipid metabolism	ec00600
Sulfur metabolism	ec00920
Tryptophan metabolism	ec00380

SMPDB Reactions

Homocysteine + L-Serine → water + L-Cystathionine

DL-O-Phosphoserine + water → phosphate + L-Serine

L-Serine + Tetrahydrofolic acid → water + Glycine + 5,10-Methylene-THF

L-Serine → water + hydron + 2-aminoprop-2-enoate

KEGG Reactions

L-Homocysteine + L-Serine → L-Cystathionine + water

L-Serine + 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrofolic acid ↔ Glycine + water + 5,10-Methylene-THF

L-Serine → Pyruvic acid + Ammonium

NADP + L-Serine ↔ NADPH + hydron + L-3-Oxoalanine

L-Serine + CDP-diacylglycerol ↔ Cytidine monophosphate + PC(14:0/16:0) + hydron

Concentrations

Intracellular Concentrations

Intracellular Concentration	Substrate	Growth Conditions	Strain	Citation
3123 ± 62 µM	YPD media	aerobic	Baker's yeast	PMID: 7654310
1073 ± 21 µM	YPG media	aerobic	Baker's yeast	PMID: 7654310
488 ± 10 µM	SD media	aerobic	Baker's yeast	PMID: 7654310
293 ± 6 µM	SG media	aerobic	Baker's yeast	PMID: 7654310
1952 ± 39 µM	M (molasses)	aerobic	Baker's yeast	PMID: 7654310
5758 ± 115 µM	MA (molasses)	aerobic	Baker's yeast	PMID: 7654310
2147 ± 43 µM	MB (molasses)	aerobic	Baker's yeast	PMID: 7654310
5172 ± 104 µM	MAB (molasses)	aerobic	Baker's yeast	PMID: 7654310
1828 ± 91 µM	YEB media with 0.5 mM glucose	aerobic	Baker's yeast	Experimentally Determined Not Available
2290 ± 577 µM	Synthetic medium with 20 g/L glucose	aerobic	Baker's yeast	PMID: 12584756
Conversion Details Here

Extracellular Concentrations

Not Available

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	View
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (3 TMS)	splash10-0udi-0940000000-59d5e0f76fd204be8110	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (3 TMS)	splash10-0udi-0980000000-ab49fc3ee88db87d1a16	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (2 TMS)	splash10-0159-0900000000-8e169037bcbe1dcd5de8	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (3 TMS)	splash10-0uxr-0970000000-67271ed235e35c662db5	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (3 TMS)	splash10-00di-9540000000-1297bf302358bcf0f1c0	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (3 TMS)	splash10-0uxr-1790000000-caaa37778f5a4686f5f0	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0159-0900000000-ae4f860052c41e9ba734	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0uxr-0590000000-ce32a8bfb64d16590b52	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0udi-0940000000-59d5e0f76fd204be8110	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0udi-0980000000-ab49fc3ee88db87d1a16	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0159-0900000000-8e169037bcbe1dcd5de8	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0uxr-0970000000-67271ed235e35c662db5	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-QQ (Non-derivatized)	splash10-00dr-7966000000-7b5b37fd4ac885548172	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-00di-9540000000-1297bf302358bcf0f1c0	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0uxr-1790000000-caaa37778f5a4686f5f0	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-06sl-9000000000-033631650075b940e0e2	JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (2 TMS) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-0fkl-9420000000-ed7a327e1f071802a4dd	JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_3) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_3) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_4) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-03di-9100000000-38f84912ebfc7b4e8339	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-03dl-9000000000-89e57995d3ca765a20e8	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-01ox-9100000000-f3baf93032cc9f09cf2d	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-0zfr-0900000000-b6085e53e881cdaa1824	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-000i-9000000000-2e16e9d6f9b3c2688f8a	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-0a4i-9000000000-9857daa028fb3016a7e2	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-0006-0009200000-0617acd25c69bf24ad1f	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-0a4i-0900000000-823dfcf6229956372e31	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-0a4i-9000000000-eec63565f8a9fe4bd336	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-000i-9000000000-008412efd202c202d56a	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-0002-0930000000-932aedc4efb5e1dd5e7b	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-0w29-0951000000-cd0895e475dd50e4934d	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-00di-9000000000-15294ba22b153cf5ab5b	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-014i-9000000000-48c370acff657443f0e6	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-0udi-0190000000-1bad10ba7388ce0c2249	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-0ue9-0792100000-9f2bfe40e4c01044d209	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-00di-9000000000-dfa7aca58cc28303ebc7	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-0udi-0900000000-282f31d8021649afdbe8	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-0udi-0290000000-eeee98e6b0514b08cd63	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negative	splash10-0udi-1900000000-ed66566e27a94ee99f13	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negative	splash10-00di-9100000000-b9f6b4b6ee7c88a9c569	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negative	splash10-00di-9000000000-929aea63ace0e20c6d43	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Negative	splash10-00di-9000000000-ba9cd5b3e37ded5d3764	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positive	splash10-0a4i-6900000000-5622633ab0a27d2e5360	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Positive	splash10-03di-9000000000-3e25ca80e2e62be19ac5	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
MS	Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)	splash10-0200-9000000000-dc5e2afcfab602641180	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
2D NMR	[1H,1H] 2D NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
2D NMR	[1H,13C] 2D NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer

References

References:

Martinez-Force, E., Benitez, T. (1995). "Effects of varying media, temperature, and growth rates on the intracellular concentrations of yeast amino acids." Biotechnol Prog 11:386-392.7654310
UniProt Consortium (2011). "Ongoing and future developments at the Universal Protein Resource." Nucleic Acids Res 39:D214-D219.21051339
Scheer, M., Grote, A., Chang, A., Schomburg, I., Munaretto, C., Rother, M., Sohngen, C., Stelzer, M., Thiele, J., Schomburg, D. (2011). "BRENDA, the enzyme information system in 2011." Nucleic Acids Res 39:D670-D676.21062828
Herrgard, M. J., Swainston, N., Dobson, P., Dunn, W. B., Arga, K. Y., Arvas, M., Bluthgen, N., Borger, S., Costenoble, R., Heinemann, M., Hucka, M., Le Novere, N., Li, P., Liebermeister, W., Mo, M. L., Oliveira, A. P., Petranovic, D., Pettifer, S., Simeonidis, E., Smallbone, K., Spasic, I., Weichart, D., Brent, R., Broomhead, D. S., Westerhoff, H. V., Kirdar, B., Penttila, M., Klipp, E., Palsson, B. O., Sauer, U., Oliver, S. G., Mendes, P., Nielsen, J., Kell, D. B. (2008). "A consensus yeast metabolic network reconstruction obtained from a community approach to systems biology." Nat Biotechnol 26:1155-1160.18846089
Wiebers, J. L., Garner, H. R. (1967). "Acyl derivatives of homoserine as substrates for homocysteine synthesis in Neurospora crassa, yeast, and Escherichia coli." J Biol Chem 242:5644-5649.12325384
Cherest, H., Eichler, F., Robichon-Szulmajster, H. (1969). "Genetic and regulatory aspects of methionine biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." J Bacteriol 97:328-336.5764336
Takada, Y., Noguchi, T. (1985). "Characteristics of alanine: glyoxylate aminotransferase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a regulatory enzyme in the glyoxylate pathway of glycine and serine biosynthesis from tricarboxylic acid-cycle intermediates." Biochem J 231:157-163.3933486
Hans, M. A., Heinzle, E., Wittmann, C. (2003). "Free intracellular amino acid pools during autonomous oscillations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Biotechnol Bioeng 82:143-151.12584756
Nookaew, I., Jewett, M. C., Meechai, A., Thammarongtham, C., Laoteng, K., Cheevadhanarak, S., Nielsen, J., Bhumiratana, S. (2008). "The genome-scale metabolic model iIN800 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its validation: a scaffold to query lipid metabolism." BMC Syst Biol 2:71.18687109
Jhee, K. H., McPhie, P., Miles, E. W. (2000). "Yeast cystathionine beta-synthase is a pyridoxal phosphate enzyme but, unlike the human enzyme, is not a heme protein." J Biol Chem 275:11541-11544.10766767
McNeil, J. B., Bognar, A. L., Pearlman, R. E. (1996). "In vivo analysis of folate coenzymes and their compartmentation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Genetics 142:371-381.8852837
Fujisawa, H., Nagata, S., Misono, H. (2003). "Characterization of short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase homologues of Escherichia coli (YdfG) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (YMR226C)." Biochim Biophys Acta 1645:89-94.12535615
Melcher, K., Entian, K. D. (1992). "Genetic analysis of serine biosynthesis and glucose repression in yeast." Curr Genet 21:295-300.1326413
Yamashita, S., Nikawa, J. (1997). "Phosphatidylserine synthase from yeast." Biochim Biophys Acta 1348:228-235.9370337
Cowart, L. A., Hannun, Y. A. (2005). "Using genomic and lipidomic strategies to investigate sphingolipid function in the yeast heat-stress response." Biochem Soc Trans 33:1166-1169.16246073
Obeid, L. M., Okamoto, Y., Mao, C. (2002). "Yeast sphingolipids: metabolism and biology." Biochim Biophys Acta 1585:163-171.12531550
Castrillo, J. I., Zeef, L. A., Hoyle, D. C., Zhang, N., Hayes, A., Gardner, D. C., Cornell, M. J., Petty, J., Hakes, L., Wardleworth, L., Rash, B., Brown, M., Dunn, W. B., Broadhurst, D., O'Donoghue, K., Hester, S. S., Dunkley, T. P., Hart, S. R., Swainston, N., Li, P., Gaskell, S. J., Paton, N. W., Lilley, K. S., Kell, D. B., Oliver, S. G. (2007). "Growth control of the eukaryote cell: a systems biology study in yeast." J Biol 6:4.17439666

Synthesis Reference:

Qin, Wei-min; Cao, Fei; Zhou, Hua; Li, Zhen-jiang; Wei, Ping. Asymmetric synthesis of D- and L-serine with "Glycine equivalent" method. Huaxue Shiji (2005), 27(11), 643-644, 670.

External Links:

Resource	Link
CHEBI ID	17115
HMDB ID	HMDB00187
Pubchem Compound ID	5951
Kegg ID	C00065
ChemSpider ID	5736
FOODB ID	FDB012739
Wikipedia	Serine
BioCyc ID	SER

L-serine → pyruvate + NH(3).
L-threonine → 2-oxobutanoate + NH(3).

ATP + L-serine + tRNA(Ser) → AMP + diphosphate + L-seryl-tRNA(Ser).
ATP + L-serine + tRNA(Sec) → AMP + diphosphate + L-seryl-tRNA(Sec).

ATP + L-serine + tRNA(Ser) → AMP + diphosphate + L-seryl-tRNA(Ser).
ATP + L-serine + tRNA(Sec) → AMP + diphosphate + L-seryl-tRNA(Sec).

Structure for #<Compound:0xb15c53a8>

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