{"ymdb_id":"YMDB00111","created_at":"2011-05-29T15:58:06.000Z","updated_at":"2016-09-08T18:35:02.000Z","name":"D-Lactaldehyde","cas":"3946-09-6","state":"Solid","melting_point":"","description":"Lactaldehyde is an intermediate metabolite in the pyruvate metabolism pathway. The isomer L-lactaldehyde is irreversibly produced from pyruvaldehyde via the enzyme aldehyde reductase [EC:1.1.1.21] which is then irreversibly converted to propylene glycol via aldehyde reductase [EC:1.1.1.21].","experimental_water_solubility":"","experimental_logp_hydrophobicity":"","location":"Cytoplasm, Nucleus","synthesis_reference":"Lobell, Mario, Grout, David H. G. New insight into the pyruvate decarboxylase-catalyzed formation of lactaldehyde from H-D exchange experiments: a 'water proof' active site. Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1: Organic and Bio-Organic C","chebi_id":"17167","hmdb_id":"HMDB06458","kegg_id":"C00937","pubchem_id":"439350","cs_id":"388473","foodb_id":null,"wikipedia_link":"Lactaldehyde","biocyc_id":"CPD-358","iupac":"(2R)-2-hydroxypropanal","traditional_iupac":"D-lactaldehyde","logp":"-0.6304457703333334","pka":null,"alogps_solubility":"6.58e+02 g/l","alogps_logp":"-1.04","alogps_logs":"0.95","acceptor_count":"2","donor_count":"1","rotatable_bond_count":"1","polar_surface_area":"37.3","refractivity":"17.9144","polarizability":"7.186454740223683","formal_charge":"0","physiological_charge":"0","pka_strongest_basic":"-3.2307254345910668","pka_strongest_acidic":"14.000927735442815","bioavailability":"1","number_of_rings":"0","rule_of_five":"1","ghose_filter":"0","veber_rule":"1","mddr_like_rule":"0","synonyms":["(2R)-2-hydroxypropanal","(R)-Lactaldehyde","D-2-hydroxypropionaldehyde","D-lactaldehyde"],"pathways":[{"name":"Fructose and mannose metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00051"},{"name":"Pyruvate metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00620"}],"growth_conditions":[],"references":[{"pubmed_id":21051339,"citation":"UniProt Consortium (2011). \"Ongoing and future developments at the Universal Protein Resource.\" Nucleic Acids Res 39:D214-D219."},{"pubmed_id":3908097,"citation":"Inoue, Y., Watanabe, K., Shimosaka, M., Saikusa, T., Fukuda, Y., Murata, K., Kimura, A. (1985). \"Metabolism of 2-oxoaldehydes in yeasts. Purification and characterization of lactaldehyde dehydrogenase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.\" Eur J Biochem 153:243-247."}],"proteins":[{"created_at":"2011-05-27T01:58:22.000Z","updated_at":"2011-07-22T17:54:34.000Z","name":"NADPH-dependent aldose reductase GRE3","uniprot_id":"P38715","uniprot_name":"GRE3_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"GRE3","num_residues":327,"molecular_weight":"37118.5","theoretical_pi":"7.09","general_function":"Involved in oxidoreductase activity","specific_function":"Reduces the cytotoxic compound methylglyoxal (MG) to (R)-lactaldehyde similar to GRE2. MG is synthesized via a bypath of glycolysis from dihydroxyacetone phosphate and is believed to play a role in cell cycle regulation and stress adaptation. In pentose-fermenting yeasts, aldose reductase catalyzes the reduction of xylose into xylitol. The purified enzyme catalyzes this reaction, but the inability of S.cerevisiae to grow on xylose as sole carbon source indicates that the physiological function is more likely methylglyoxal reduction","reactions":[{"id":1292,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1325,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1436,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1702,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2051,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2650,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus","altext":"Alditol + NAD(P)(+) = aldose + NAD(P)H.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2651,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus","altext":"(R)-lactaldehyde + NADP(+) = methylglyoxal + NADPH.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":14078,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006505","source":"Smpdb"}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus","genbank_gene_id":"U00059","genbank_protein_id":"529125","gene_card_id":"GRE3","chromosome_location":"chromosome 8","locus":"YHR104W","synonyms":["Genes de respuesta a estres protein 3","NADPH-dependent aldo-keto reductase GRE3","NADPH-dependent methylglyoxal reductase GRE3","Xylose reductase"],"enzyme_classes":["1.1.1.21","1.1.1.-"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" oxidoreductase activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" oxidation reduction"}],"pfams":[{"name":"Aldo_ket_red","identifier":"PF00248"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Pentose and glucuronate interconversions","kegg_map_id":"00040"},{"name":"Fructose and mannose metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00051"},{"name":"Galactose metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00052"},{"name":"Glycerolipid metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00561"},{"name":"Pyruvate metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00620"},{"name":"xylitol degradation","kegg_map_id":null}],"gene_sequence":"ATGTCTTCACTGGTTACTCTTAATAACGGTCTGAAAATGCCCCTAGTCGGCTTAGGGTGCTGGAAAATTGACAAAAAAGTCTGTGCGAATCAAATTTATGAAGCTATCAAATTAGGCTACCGTTTATTCGATGGTGCTTGCGACTACGGCAACGAAAAGGAAGTTGGTGAAGGTATCAGGAAAGCCATCTCCGAAGGTCTTGTTTCTAGAAAGGATATATTTGTTGTTTCAAAGTTATGGAACAATTTTCACCATCCTGATCATGTAAAATTAGCTTTAAAGAAGACCTTAAGCGATATGGGACTTGATTATTTAGACCTGTATTATATTCACTTCCCAATCGCCTTCAAATATGTTCCATTTGAAGAGAAATACCCTCCAGGATTCTATACGGGCGCAGATGACGAGAAGAAAGGTCACATCACCGAAGCACATGTACCAATCATAGATACGTACCGGGCTCTGGAAGAATGTGTTGATGAAGGCTTGATTAAGTCTATTGGTGTTTCCAACTTTCAGGGAAGCTTGATTCAAGATTTATTACGTGGTTGTAGAATCAAGCCCGTGGCTTTGCAAATTGAACACCATCCTTATTTGACTCAAGAACACCTAGTTGAGTTTTGTAAATTACACGATATCCAAGTAGTTGCTTACTCCTCCTTCGGTCCTCAATCATTCATTGAGATGGACTTACAGTTGGCAAAAACCACGCCAACTCTGTTCGAGAATGATGTAATCAAGAAGGTCTCACAAAACCATCCAGGCAGTACCACTTCCCAAGTATTGCTTAGATGGGCAACTCAGAGAGGCATTGCCGTCATTCCAAAATCTTCCAAGAAGGAAAGGTTACTTGGCAACCTAGAAATCGAAAAAAAGTTCACTTTAACGGAGCAAGAATTGAAGGATATTTCTGCACTAAATGCCAACATCAGATTTAATGATCCATGGACCTGGTTGGATGGTAAATTCCCCACTTTTGCCTGA","protein_sequence":"MSSLVTLNNGLKMPLVGLGCWKIDKKVCANQIYEAIKLGYRLFDGACDYGNEKEVGEGIRKAISEGLVSRKDIFVVSKLWNNFHHPDHVKLALKKTLSDMGLDYLDLYYIHFPIAFKYVPFEEKYPPGFYTGADDEKKGHITEAHVPIIDTYRALEECVDEGLIKSIGVSNFQGSLIQDLLRGCRIKPVALQIEHHPYLTQEHLVEFCKLHDIQVVAYSSFGPQSFIEMDLQLAKTTPTLFENDVIKKVSQNHPGSTTSQVLLRWATQRGIAVIPKSSKKERLLGNLEIEKKFTLTEQELKDISALNANIRFNDPWTWLDGKFPTFA"}]}