{"ymdb_id":"YMDB00083","created_at":"2011-05-29T15:55:02.000Z","updated_at":"2016-09-08T18:34:59.000Z","name":"5-Aminolevulinic acid","cas":"106-60-5","state":"Solid","melting_point":"156-158 oC","description":"5-Aminolevulinic acid is an intermediate in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis pathway. 5-Aminolevulinic acid is produced by the enzyme ALA synthase from glycine and succinyl CoA. Uroporphyrinogen-III, the final product in this pathway, is a major branch point that leads to biosynthesis of different tetrapyrrole compounds (e.g. porphyrins). Tetrapyrroles usually function as a metal-binding cofactor in many important enzymes, proteins and pigments, such as heme, chlorophyll, cobalamine, siroheme, and cofator F430. [Biocyc PWY-5189]","experimental_water_solubility":"1000 mg/mL at 25 oC [MEYLAN,WM et al. (1996)]","experimental_logp_hydrophobicity":null,"location":"Cytoplasm;Extracellular;Mitochondrion","synthesis_reference":"Goli?ski J., D?browski Z., Obukowicz B., Kami?ski J., Be?dowicz M., Kwa?ny M.: \"Synthesis of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)\", ICRI Annual Report '99, 2000, 119-122. ","chebi_id":"17549","hmdb_id":"HMDB01149","kegg_id":"C00430","pubchem_id":"137","cs_id":"134","foodb_id":null,"wikipedia_link":"Aminolevulinic_acid","biocyc_id":"5-AMINO-LEVULINATE","iupac":"5-amino-4-oxopentanoic acid","traditional_iupac":"aminolevulinic acid","logp":"-3.2526454527445376","pka":"17.164001067559852","alogps_solubility":"1.73e+02 g/l","alogps_logp":"-2.85","alogps_logs":"0.12","acceptor_count":"4","donor_count":"2","rotatable_bond_count":"4","polar_surface_area":"80.39","refractivity":"30.447799999999997","polarizability":"12.548276397155476","formal_charge":"0","physiological_charge":"0","pka_strongest_basic":"7.835220055699867","pka_strongest_acidic":"4.053151638897345","bioavailability":"1","number_of_rings":"0","rule_of_five":"1","ghose_filter":"0","veber_rule":"0","mddr_like_rule":"0","synonyms":["5-amino-4-oxo-Pentanoate","5-amino-4-oxo-Pentanoic acid","5-Amino-4-oxopentanoate","5-Amino-4-oxopentanoic acid","5-Amino-4-oxovalerate","5-Amino-4-oxovaleric acid","5-amino-Levulinate","5-amino-Levulinic acid","5-aminolaevulinate","5-Aminolaevulinic acid","5-Aminolevulinate","ALA","Aladerm","Amino-levulinic acid","Aminolevulinate","Aminolevulinic acid","delta-aminolevulinate","delta-Aminolevulinic acid","Kerastick"],"pathways":[{"name":"Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00860"},{"name":"Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00260"},{"name":"Porphyrin Metabolism","kegg_map_id":null}],"growth_conditions":[],"references":[{"pubmed_id":21051339,"citation":"UniProt Consortium (2011). \"Ongoing and future developments at the Universal Protein Resource.\" Nucleic Acids Res 39:D214-D219."},{"pubmed_id":21062828,"citation":"Scheer, M., Grote, A., Chang, A., Schomburg, I., Munaretto, C., Rother, M., Sohngen, C., Stelzer, M., Thiele, J., Schomburg, D. (2011). \"BRENDA, the enzyme information system in 2011.\" Nucleic Acids Res 39:D670-D676."},{"pubmed_id":18846089,"citation":"Herrgard, M. J., Swainston, N., Dobson, P., Dunn, W. B., Arga, K. Y., Arvas, M., Bluthgen, N., Borger, S., Costenoble, R., Heinemann, M., Hucka, M., Le Novere, N., Li, P., Liebermeister, W., Mo, M. L., Oliveira, A. P., Petranovic, D., Pettifer, S., Simeonidis, E., Smallbone, K., Spasic, I., Weichart, D., Brent, R., Broomhead, D. S., Westerhoff, H. V., Kirdar, B., Penttila, M., Klipp, E., Palsson, B. O., Sauer, U., Oliver, S. G., Mendes, P., Nielsen, J., Kell, D. B. (2008). \"A consensus yeast metabolic network reconstruction obtained from a community approach to systems biology.\" Nat Biotechnol 26:1155-1160."},{"pubmed_id":6381051,"citation":"Volland, C., Felix, F. (1984). \"Isolation and properties of 5-aminolevulinate synthase from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.\" Eur J Biochem 142:551-557."},{"pubmed_id":8234090,"citation":"Chelstowska, A., Rytka, J. (1993). \"[Biosynthesis of heme in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae].\" Postepy Biochem 39:173-185."}],"proteins":[{"created_at":"2011-05-24T20:09:37.000Z","updated_at":"2011-07-22T17:53:50.000Z","name":"5-aminolevulinate synthase, mitochondrial","uniprot_id":"P09950","uniprot_name":"HEM1_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"HEM1","num_residues":548,"molecular_weight":"59361.69922","theoretical_pi":"7.56","general_function":"Involved in 5-aminolevulinate synthase activity","specific_function":"Succinyl-CoA + glycine = 5-aminolevulinate + CoA + CO(2)","reactions":[{"id":1213,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2301,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Mitochondrion matrix","altext":"Succinyl-CoA + glycine = 5-aminolevulinate + CoA + CO(2).","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":"Mitochondrion matrix","genbank_gene_id":"M26329","genbank_protein_id":"171662","gene_card_id":"HEM1","chromosome_location":"chromosome 4","locus":"YDR232W","synonyms":["5-aminolevulinic acid synthase","Delta-ALA synthase","Delta-aminolevulinate synthase"],"enzyme_classes":["2.3.1.37"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity, transferring acyl groups other than amino-acyl groups"},{"category":"Function","description":" acyltransferase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" N-acyltransferase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" N-succinyltransferase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" 5-aminolevulinate synthase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity, transferring nitrogenous groups"},{"category":"Function","description":" cofactor binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" pyridoxal phosphate binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity, transferring acyl groups"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular biosynthetic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" heterocycle biosynthetic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" biosynthetic process"}],"pfams":[{"name":"Aminotran_1_2","identifier":"PF00155"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00260"},{"name":"Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00860"},{"name":"Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids (docosanoyl)","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids (tetracosanoyl-CoA)","kegg_map_id":null}],"gene_sequence":"ATGCAACGCTCCATTTTTGCGAGGTTCGGTAACTCCTCTGCCGCTGTTTCCACACTGAATAGGCTGTCCACGACAGCCGCACCACATGCGAAAAATGGCTATGCCACCGCTACTGGTGCTGGTGCCGCTGCTGCCACTGCCACAGCGTCATCAACACATGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCCGCTGCTGCCAACCATTCCACCCAGGAGTCGGGTTTCGATTACGAAGGCCTGATAGATTCCGAACTGCAGAAGAAAAGACTTGACAAATCGTACAGATATTTCAACAATATCAACCGATTGGCCAAGGAGTTCCCCCTAGCTCATCGCCAGAGAGAGGCGGACAAGGTCACCGTTTGGTGTTCCAACGACTATTTAGCACTTTCCAAGCACCCTGAGGTATTGGACGCCATGCATAAAACTATCGACAAGTATGGTTGTGGTGCCGGTGGTACAAGAAACATTGCTGGCCATAACATCCCCACTTTGAATCTGGAAGCCGAATTGGCCACTTTACACAAGAAGGAAGGTGCCTTAGTTTTTTCGTCATGTTACGTAGCCAACGATGCCGTCTTATCCCTACTGGGTCAAAAGATGAAGGACTTGGTGATTTTCTCCGACGAACTCAACCATGCGTCCATGATTGTCGGTATTAAGCATGCTAACGTAAAAAAACACATTTTCAAACATAATGACTTGAACGAATTGGAACAACTGCTCCAGTCATACCCCAAATCCGTTCCTAAACTAATTGCTTTCGAATCAGTATATTCTATGGCCGGTTCAGTGGCCGACATAGAAAAAATTTGCGACTTGGCCGACAAATACGGTGCTTTGACCTTCTTGGATGAAGTACATGCGGTCGGCCTGTACGGCCCTCACGGTGCAGGTGTTGCAGAACATTGTGATTTTGAAAGTCACCGTGCAAGTGGTATTGCTACCCCAAAGACCAATGACAAGGGCGGCGCGAAGACTGTGATGGACCGTGTCGACATGATCACCGGCACTTTAGGTAAGTCTTTCGGTAGCGTAGGTGGCTACGTCGCAGCCTCTAGGAAATTGATCGATTGGTTCAGATCGTTTGCACCTGGTTTCATTTTCACCACGACTTTACCACCTTCAGTTATGGCAGGCGCTACCGCAGCAATTAGATACCAACGTTGCCACATCGACCTAAGAACCTCGCAACAGAAACATACCATGTACGTAAAGAAAGCTTTCCATGAGTTGGGCATTCCAGTTATTCCAAATCCTTCTCATATCGTCCCAGTGTTGATTGGTAATGCTGATTTGGCTAAGCAAGCTTCTGACATCTTAATCAATAAGCATCAAATCTACGTACAAGCTATCAACTTCCCTACGGTTGCTCGCGGTACCGAAAGATTGAGAATTACCCCAACGCCAGGTCACACCAACGATTTATCTGACATCTTAATCAATGCAGTTGATGATGTGTTCAATGAGCTACAGTTACCACGTGTCAGAGACTGGGAAAGCCAAGGTGGCTTATTGGGTGTTGGAGAGAGCGGATTTGTGGAAGAGTCTAACTTATGGACATCAAGCCAACTATCTTTAACTAATGACGACTTGAACCCTAATGTTAGAGACCCCATCGTTAAACAACTAGAGGTTTCTAGTGGTATCAAGCAGTAA","protein_sequence":"MQRSIFARFGNSSAAVSTLNRLSTTAAPHAKNGYATATGAGAAAATATASSTHAAAAAAAAANHSTQESGFDYEGLIDSELQKKRLDKSYRYFNNINRLAKEFPLAHRQREADKVTVWCSNDYLALSKHPEVLDAMHKTIDKYGCGAGGTRNIAGHNIPTLNLEAELATLHKKEGALVFSSCYVANDAVLSLLGQKMKDLVIFSDELNHASMIVGIKHANVKKHIFKHNDLNELEQLLQSYPKSVPKLIAFESVYSMAGSVADIEKICDLADKYGALTFLDEVHAVGLYGPHGAGVAEHCDFESHRASGIATPKTNDKGGAKTVMDRVDMITGTLGKSFGSVGGYVAASRKLIDWFRSFAPGFIFTTTLPPSVMAGATAAIRYQRCHIDLRTSQQKHTMYVKKAFHELGIPVIPNPSHIVPVLIGNADLAKQASDILINKHQIYVQAINFPTVARGTERLRITPTPGHTNDLSDILINAVDDVFNELQLPRVRDWESQGGLLGVGESGFVEESNLWTSSQLSLTNDDLNPNVRDPIVKQLEVSSGIKQ"},{"created_at":"2011-05-26T17:55:05.000Z","updated_at":"2011-05-27T15:01:02.000Z","name":"Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase","uniprot_id":"P05373","uniprot_name":"HEM2_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"HEM2","num_residues":342,"molecular_weight":"37739.69922","theoretical_pi":"6.05","general_function":"Involved in porphobilinogen synthase activity","specific_function":"Catalyzes an early step in the biosynthesis of tetrapyrroles. Binds two molecules of 5-aminolevulinate per subunit, each at a distinct site, and catalyzes their condensation to form porphobilinogen","reactions":[{"id":1905,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2495,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":"2 5-aminolevulinate = porphobilinogen + 2 H(2)O.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":"1OHL","cellular_location":null,"genbank_gene_id":"AY692744","genbank_protein_id":"51012939","gene_card_id":"HEM2","chromosome_location":"chromosome 7","locus":"YGL040C","synonyms":["ALADH","Porphobilinogen synthase"],"enzyme_classes":["4.2.1.24"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" carbon-oxygen lyase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" hydro-lyase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" porphobilinogen synthase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" lyase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" cation binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" metal ion binding"},{"category":"Process","description":" heterocycle biosynthetic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" biosynthetic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular biosynthetic process"}],"pfams":[{"name":"ALAD","identifier":"PF00490"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00860"}],"gene_sequence":"ATGCATACAGCTGAATTTTTGGAAACAGAACCAACAGAAATCTCATCTGTTCTAGCAGGTGGTTATAATCACCCACTGCTGAGACAGTGGCAAAGTGAGCGTCAACTGACTAAGAACATGTTGATTTTTCCGCTATTCATCTCCGATAATCCAGATGACTTTACTGAAATTGACTCTCTACCTAATATCAATAGAATCGGTGTAAATAGGCTAAAAGACTACTTAAAGCCATTAGTGGCCAAGGGTTTGCGTTCTGTGATCTTGTTTGGTGTGCCTCTCATCCCTGGTACCAAGGATCCAGTGGGTACAGCGGCTGACGATCCTGCAGGGCCAGTCATTCAAGGTATTAAATTCATTCGTGAGTATTTCCCTGAACTGTATATTATTTGCGATGTCTGTCTCTGTGAATACACTTCTCATGGCCATTGCGGGGTTCTATACGATGATGGTACTATTAATAGAGAACGTAGTGTCTCTAGATTAGCAGCTGTGGCAGTTAACTACGCTAAAGCTGGTGCGCACTGTGTGGCTCCCAGTGATATGATCGATGGTAGGATCAGAGATATTAAACGAGGCTTAATAAATGCAAACTTGGCTCACAAGACCTTCGTGTTATCCTATGCAGCTAAGTTTAGCGGTAATCTATATGGGCCATTCCGTGATGCTGCTTGTTCAGCTCCTTCGAATGGTGATAGGAAATGTTACCAATTACCTCCTGCCGGTCGTGGCCTGGCACGTAGGGCGTTGGAAAGGGATATGAGTGAAGGTGCCGACGGTATTATTGTTAAGCCTTCCACTTTCTACTTAGATATAATGAGGGATGCAAGTGAAATTTGTAAAGACTTACCAATCTGCGCATATCACGTGTCGGGCGAATACGCAATGTTACATGCTGCAGCTGAAAAAGGTGTTGTTGATTTGAAGACAATTGCCTTTGAATCTCATCAAGGTTTCTTGAGGGCGGGTGCCAGATTAATCATCACTTATTTGGCTCCTGAGTTCCTAGACTGGTTAGATGAAGAAAACTAA","protein_sequence":"MHTAEFLETEPTEISSVLAGGYNHPLLRQWQSERQLTKNMLIFPLFISDNPDDFTEIDSLPNINRIGVNRLKDYLKPLVAKGLRSVILFGVPLIPGTKDPVGTAADDPAGPVIQGIKFIREYFPELYIICDVCLCEYTSHGHCGVLYDDGTINRERSVSRLAAVAVNYAKAGAHCVAPSDMIDGRIRDIKRGLINANLAHKTFVLSYAAKFSGNLYGPFRDAACSAPSNGDRKCYQLPPAGRGLARRALERDMSEGADGIIVKPSTFYLDIMRDASEICKDLPICAYHVSGEYAMLHAAAEKGVVDLKTIAFESHQGFLRAGARLIITYLAPEFLDWLDEEN"},{"created_at":"2011-05-27T07:59:23.000Z","updated_at":"2011-05-27T15:01:29.000Z","name":"GABA-specific permease","uniprot_id":"P32837","uniprot_name":"UGA4_YEAST","enzyme":false,"transporter":true,"gene_name":"UGA4","num_residues":571,"molecular_weight":"61872.30078","theoretical_pi":"6.64","general_function":"Involved in transport","specific_function":"Required for high-affinity, high-specificity GABA transport. Also transports putrescine","reactions":[],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"74-94;106-126;154-174;199-219;229-249;272-292;313-333;365-385;417-437;442-462;483-503;515-535","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":"Vacuole membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein","genbank_gene_id":"X66472","genbank_protein_id":"4750","gene_card_id":"UGA4","chromosome_location":"chromosome 4","locus":"YDL210W","synonyms":["GABA-specific transport protein"],"enzyme_classes":[],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" cell part"},{"category":"Component","description":" membrane"},{"category":"Component","description":" membrane part"},{"category":"Component","description":" intrinsic to membrane"},{"category":"Component","description":" integral to membrane"},{"category":"Function","description":" transporter activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" transmembrane transporter activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" active transmembrane transporter activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" amine transmembrane transporter activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" amino acid transmembrane transporter activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" amine transport"},{"category":"Process","description":" amino acid transport"},{"category":"Process","description":" transmembrane transport"},{"category":"Process","description":" establishment of localization"},{"category":"Process","description":" transport"}],"pfams":[{"name":"AA_permease","identifier":"PF00324"}],"pathways":[],"gene_sequence":"ATGAGTATGTCAAGCAAAAACGAGAATAAGATATCAGTAGAACAAAGAATATCCACTGATATCGGTCAGGCTTACCAGTTACAAGGCCTTGGGTCTAACCTAAGGTCGATTCGCTCCAAGACTGGTGCCGGTGAAGTGAACTATATCGATGCTGCTAAATCTGTAAATGATAACCAACTGCTTGCAGAGATCGGTTATAAACAAGAATTAAAAAGACAATTTTCAACATTACAAGTTTTCGGTATTGCGTTCTCCATTATGGGTCTATTGCCCTCCATTGCATCTGTGATGGGTGGTGGGCTCGGTGGTGGTCCAGCAACATTAGTGTGGGGTTGGTTCGTTGCTGCGTTTTTCATTTTACTGGTGGGTATTACCATGGCTGAACATGCAAGTTCCATTCCTACCGCTGGTGGTTTGTACTACTGGACGTATTACTATGCTCCAGAAGGTTATAAAGAGATTATTTCTTTTATTATTGGTTGCTCAAACTCCCTAGCGTTGGCAGCCGGTGTGTGTTCCATTGATTACGGTTTGGCTGAGGAAATTGCTGCTGCTGTCACATTAACCAAAGATGGAAATTTTGAAGTAACGAGTGGGAAACTTTACGGTATATTTGCTGGAGCAGTGGTGGTTATGTGTATTTGTACATGTGTTGCTTCTGGGGCCATTGCTCGTCTGCAGACGCTAAGTATATTTGCCAATCTTTTCATTATTGTTTTATTGTTCATTGCGCTACCGATTGGTACCAAGCATAGAATGGGAGGTTTCAATGATGGTGACTTTATATTTGGGAAATATGAAAACTTAAGTGACTGGAATAATGGTTGGCAATTTTGTCTTGCTGGTTTCATGCCTGCTGTCTGGACTATTGGTTCCTTTGATTCATGTGTCCATCAATCTGAAGAAGCCAAAGATGCCAAGAAATCAGTCCCCATTGGTATAATCTCATCTATTGCTGTTTGTTGGATTTTAGGTTGGTTGATTATTATTTGTTTAATGGCCTGTATCAACCCTGATATTGACAGCGTTTTGGACTCCAAGTACGGCTTTGCTTTGGCTCAAATAATTTATGATTCGTTAGGAAAAAAATGGGCCATTGCATTTATGTCATTGATCGCATTCTGTCAATTTCTAATGGGTGCTTCCATTACCACAGCTGTTTCTAGACAAGTTTGGGCATTTTCCCGTGATAACGGTTTGCCCCTATCAAAGTATATTAAAAGAGTGGATTCTAAATACTCGGTCCCTTTTTTCGCTATTTTGGCTGCCTGTGTAGGTTCCTTGATTTTAGGATTGTTATGTTTGATTGATGATGCCGCCACTGATGCATTATTTAGTCTGGCTGTTGCAGGAAACAATTTGGCATGGAGTACCCCTACAGTTTTCCGTTTAACATCAGGTAGAGATTTATTTAGACCTGGTCCATTTTATTTGGGTAAAATCTGGTCTCCAATTGTTGCTTGGACAGGTGTTGCTTTCCAATTGTTCATTATTATTTTGGTTATGTTCCCCTCTCAACAACATGGTATTACTAAATCCACAATGAATTATGCATGCGTTATTGGTCCCGGTATCTGGATCCTTGCAGGTATCTACTACAAAGTTTACAAGAAGAAATACTACCACGGTCCAGCAACCAATTTGTCGGATGATGATTATACTGAAGCCGTTGGTGCTGATGTTATCGACACAATTATGTCCAAACAGGAACCATAA","protein_sequence":"MSMSSKNENKISVEQRISTDIGQAYQLQGLGSNLRSIRSKTGAGEVNYIDAAKSVNDNQLLAEIGYKQELKRQFSTLQVFGIAFSIMGLLPSIASVMGGGLGGGPATLVWGWFVAAFFILLVGITMAEHASSIPTAGGLYYWTYYYAPEGYKEIISFIIGCSNSLALAAGVCSIDYGLAEEIAAAVTLTKDGNFEVTSGKLYGIFAGAVVVMCICTCVASGAIARLQTLSIFANLFIIVLLFIALPIGTKHRMGGFNDGDFIFGKYENLSDWNNGWQFCLAGFMPAVWTIGSFDSCVHQSEEAKDAKKSVPIGIISSIAVCWILGWLIIICLMACINPDIDSVLDSKYGFALAQIIYDSLGKKWAIAFMSLIAFCQFLMGASITTAVSRQVWAFSRDNGLPLSKYIKRVDSKYSVPFFAILAACVGSLILGLLCLIDDAATDALFSLAVAGNNLAWSTPTVFRLTSGRDLFRPGPFYLGKIWSPIVAWTGVAFQLFIIILVMFPSQQHGITKSTMNYACVIGPGIWILAGIYYKVYKKKYYHGPATNLSDDDYTEAVGADVIDTIMSKQEP"}]}