{"ymdb_id":"YMDB00022","created_at":"2011-05-29T15:49:17.000Z","updated_at":"2016-10-18T17:11:15.000Z","name":"Acetaldehyde","cas":"75-07-0","state":"Liquid","melting_point":"-123 oC","description":"Acetaldehyde is an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol and is produced through the action of alcohol dehydrogenase on ethanol. This compound tends to peak during the early to mid-stages of fermentation.","experimental_water_solubility":"1000 mg/mL at 25 oC [RIDDICK,JA et al. (1986)]","experimental_logp_hydrophobicity":"-0.34 [TSCATS]","location":"extracellular;mitochondrion;cytoplasm","synthesis_reference":"Wertheim, E. Laboratory preparation of acetaldehyde. Journal of the American Chemical Society (1922), 44 2658-9.","chebi_id":"15343","hmdb_id":"HMDB00990","kegg_id":"C00084","pubchem_id":"177","cs_id":"172","foodb_id":null,"wikipedia_link":"Acetaldehyde","biocyc_id":"ACETALD","iupac":"acetaldehyde","traditional_iupac":"acetaldehyde","logp":"-0.38196196666666665","pka":null,"alogps_solubility":"2.25e+02 g/l","alogps_logp":"-0.01","alogps_logs":"0.71","acceptor_count":"1","donor_count":"0","rotatable_bond_count":"0","polar_surface_area":"17.07","refractivity":"11.718300000000001","polarizability":"4.482618641060988","formal_charge":"0","physiological_charge":"0","pka_strongest_basic":"-6.868085879188193","pka_strongest_acidic":"16.73469113332386","bioavailability":"1","number_of_rings":"0","rule_of_five":"1","ghose_filter":"0","veber_rule":"1","mddr_like_rule":"0","synonyms":["Acetaldehyd","acetaldehyde","Acetaldehydes","acetic aldehyde","aldehyde","Azetaldehyd","ethanal","ethyl aldehyde"],"pathways":[{"name":"Phenylalanine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00360"},{"name":"Pyruvate metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00620"},{"name":"Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis","kegg_map_id":"00010"},{"name":"Glycerophospholipid metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00564"},{"name":"Ethanol fermentation","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"glycine metabolism","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"threonine metabolism","kegg_map_id":null}],"growth_conditions":[{"growth_media":"glucose~(140 g/L), KHzP04 (5 g/L), and yeast extract (10 g/L).","concentration":"9080.0","concentration_units":"\u0026#181;M","error":"0.0"},{"growth_media":"Synthetic medium with 1% glucose and 0.1% yeast extract","concentration":"50.0","concentration_units":"\u0026#181;M","error":"50.0"}],"references":[{"pubmed_id":18609643,"citation":"Stanley, G. A., Pamment, N. B. (1993). \"Transport and intracellular accumulation of acetaldehyde in saccharomyces cerevisiae.\" Biotechnol Bioeng 42:24-29."},{"pubmed_id":21051339,"citation":"UniProt Consortium (2011). \"Ongoing and future developments at the Universal Protein Resource.\" Nucleic Acids Res 39:D214-D219."},{"pubmed_id":21062828,"citation":"Scheer, M., Grote, A., Chang, A., Schomburg, I., Munaretto, C., Rother, M., Sohngen, C., Stelzer, M., Thiele, J., Schomburg, D. (2011). \"BRENDA, the enzyme information system in 2011.\" Nucleic Acids Res 39:D670-D676."},{"pubmed_id":18846089,"citation":"Herrgard, M. J., Swainston, N., Dobson, P., Dunn, W. B., Arga, K. Y., Arvas, M., Bluthgen, N., Borger, S., Costenoble, R., Heinemann, M., Hucka, M., Le Novere, N., Li, P., Liebermeister, W., Mo, M. L., Oliveira, A. P., Petranovic, D., Pettifer, S., Simeonidis, E., Smallbone, K., Spasic, I., Weichart, D., Brent, R., Broomhead, D. S., Westerhoff, H. V., Kirdar, B., Penttila, M., Klipp, E., Palsson, B. O., Sauer, U., Oliver, S. G., Mendes, P., Nielsen, J., Kell, D. B. (2008). \"A consensus yeast metabolic network reconstruction obtained from a community approach to systems biology.\" Nat Biotechnol 26:1155-1160."},{"pubmed_id":4352908,"citation":"Dickinson, F. M., Monger, G. P. (1973). \"A study of the kinetics and mechanism of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase with a variety of substrates.\" Biochem J 131:261-270."},{"pubmed_id":18065623,"citation":"Maestre, O., Garcia-Martinez, T., Peinado, R. A., Mauricio, J. C. (2008). \"Effects of ADH2 overexpression in Saccharomyces bayanus during alcoholic fermentation.\" Appl Environ Microbiol 74:702-707."},{"pubmed_id":16584566,"citation":"Schwartz, J. M., Kanehisa, M. (2006). \"Quantitative elementary mode analysis of metabolic pathways: the example of yeast glycolysis.\" BMC Bioinformatics 7:186."},{"pubmed_id":12702265,"citation":"Leskovac, V., Trivic, S., Pericin, D. (2002). \"The three zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenases from baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae.\" FEMS Yeast Res 2:481-494."},{"pubmed_id":15256563,"citation":"Saint-Prix, F., Bonquist, L., Dequin, S. (2004). \"Functional analysis of the ALD gene family of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during anaerobic growth on glucose: the NADP+-dependent Ald6p and Ald5p isoforms play a major role in acetate formation.\" Microbiology 150:2209-2220."},{"pubmed_id":12902239,"citation":"Vuralhan, Z., Morais, M. A., Tai, S. L., Piper, M. D., Pronk, J. T. (2003). \"Identification and characterization of phenylpyruvate decarboxylase genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.\" Appl Environ Microbiol 69:4534-4541."},{"pubmed_id":9151955,"citation":"Liu, J. Q., Nagata, S., Dairi, T., Misono, H., Shimizu, S., Yamada, H. (1997). \"The GLY1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a low-specific L-threonine aldolase that catalyzes cleavage of L-allo-threonine and L-threonine to glycine--expression of the gene in Escherichia coli and purification and characterization of the enzyme.\" Eur J Biochem 245:289-293."},{"pubmed_id":12499363,"citation":"Dickinson, J. R., Salgado, L. E., Hewlins, M. J. (2003). \"The catabolism of amino acids to long chain and complex alcohols in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.\" J Biol Chem 278:8028-8034."},{"pubmed_id":16623706,"citation":"Xu, Z., Tsurugi, K. (2006). \"A potential mechanism of energy-metabolism oscillation in an aerobic chemostat culture of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.\" FEBS J 273:1696-1709."}],"proteins":[{"created_at":"2011-05-24T20:08:56.000Z","updated_at":"2011-05-27T14:56:00.000Z","name":"Low specificity L-threonine aldolase","uniprot_id":"P37303","uniprot_name":"GLY1_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"GLY1","num_residues":387,"molecular_weight":"42814.60156","theoretical_pi":"6.24","general_function":"Involved in lyase activity","specific_function":"Catalyzes the cleavage of L-allo-threonine and L- threonine to glycine and acetaldehyde","reactions":[{"id":1690,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2008,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2299,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":"L-threonine = glycine + acetaldehyde.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2300,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":"L-allo-threonine = glycine + acetaldehyde.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":3852,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006373","source":"Smpdb"}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":null,"genbank_gene_id":"L28739","genbank_protein_id":"453570","gene_card_id":"GLY1","chromosome_location":"chromosome 5","locus":"YEL046C","synonyms":["Low specificity L-TA","TA"],"enzyme_classes":["4.1.2.5"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" cofactor binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" pyridoxal phosphate binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" lyase activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular amino acid and derivative metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular amino acid metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" metabolic process"}],"pfams":[{"name":"Beta_elim_lyase","identifier":"PF01212"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00260"},{"name":"glycine metabolism","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"threonine metabolism","kegg_map_id":null}],"gene_sequence":"ATGACTGAATTCGAATTGCCTCCAAAATATATCACCGCTGCTAACGACTTGCGGTCAGACACATTCACCACTCCAACTGCAGAGATGATGGAGGCCGCTTTAGAGGCCTCTATCGGTGACGCTGTCTACGGTGAAGATGTTGACACCGTTAGGCTCGAACAGACCGTTGCCCGCATGGCTGGCAAAGAAGCAGGTTTGTTCTGTGTCTCTGGGACTTTGTCCAACCAGATTGCCATCAGAACTCACTTGATGCAACCTCCATACTCTATTCTATGTGATTACAGGGCTCACGTTTACACTCACGAAGCCGCTGGACTGGCGATCTTGTCTCAAGCGATGGTGGTTCCTGTGGTTCCTTCCAACGGTGACTACTTGACCTTGGAAGACATCAAGTCACACTACGTCCCAGACGACGGTGATATTCACGGTGCCCCCACCAGATTGATTTCTCTGGAAAACACTTTACACGGTATTGTTTATCCATTGGAAGAACTGGTCCGCATCAAAGCTTGGTGTATGGAAAATGGTCTCAAACTACATTGTGACGGTGCCAGAATCTGGAATGCCGCTGCACAATCTGGCGTGCCATTAAAGCAATATGGGGAAATCTTCGACTCCATCTCCATCTGTCTATCCAAGTCTATGGGTGCTCCTATTGGGTCCGTCTTGGTTGGGAACCTTAAGTTTGTCAAGAAGGCCACCCATTTCAGAAAACAACAAGGTGGTGGTATTAGACAATCTGGTATGATGGCTAGAATAGCTCTTGTAAACATCAACAACGATTGGAAGTCCCAATTGCTGTACTCGCACTCTTTGGCTCATGAATTAGCCGAATATTGTGAGGCAAAGGGCATCCCGCTAGAGTCTCCAGCAGACACCAACTTTGTCTTTATTAACCTGAAGGCCGCTAGAATGGACCCAGATGTCCTTGTTAAGAAGGGTTTGAAGTACAACGTTAAGCTAATGGGTGGTAGAGTCTCGTTCCACTATCAAGTCACCAGAGATACTTTGGAAAAAGTCAAATTGGCCATCTCCGAGGCCTTCGACTATGCTAAAGAACATCCTTTCGACTGTAACGGACCTACCCAGATTTACCGTAGTGAATCCACCGAGGTCGACGTTGATGGCAACGCTATCCGCGAAATAAAAACCTACAAATACTGA","protein_sequence":"MTEFELPPKYITAANDLRSDTFTTPTAEMMEAALEASIGDAVYGEDVDTVRLEQTVARMAGKEAGLFCVSGTLSNQIAIRTHLMQPPYSILCDYRAHVYTHEAAGLAILSQAMVVPVVPSNGDYLTLEDIKSHYVPDDGDIHGAPTRLISLENTLHGIVYPLEELVRIKAWCMENGLKLHCDGARIWNAAAQSGVPLKQYGEIFDSISICLSKSMGAPIGSVLVGNLKFVKKATHFRKQQGGGIRQSGMMARMALVNINNDWKSQLLYSHSLAHELAEYCEAKGIPLESPADTNFVFINLKAARMDPDVLVKKGLKYNVKLMGGRVSFHYQVTRDTLEKVKLAISEAFDYAKEHPFDCNGPTQIYRSESTEVDVDGNAIREIKTYKY"},{"created_at":"2011-05-24T20:23:50.000Z","updated_at":"2011-07-22T17:54:09.000Z","name":"Alcohol 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NADH","reactions":[{"id":1293,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1294,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1296,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1303,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1305,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1308,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2314,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Mitochondrion matrix;Cytoplasm;Mitochondrion","altext":"An alcohol + NAD(+) = an aldehyde or ketone + NADH.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":"Mitochondrion matrix","genbank_gene_id":"AY692988","genbank_protein_id":"51013427","gene_card_id":"ADH3","chromosome_location":"chromosome 13","locus":"YMR083W","synonyms":["Alcohol dehydrogenase III","YADH-3"],"enzyme_classes":["1.1.1.1"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" cation binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" metal ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" transition metal ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" oxidoreductase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" zinc ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" binding"},{"category":"Process","description":" oxidation reduction"},{"category":"Process","description":" metabolic process"}],"pfams":[{"name":"ADH_N","identifier":"PF08240"},{"name":"ADH_zinc_N","identifier":"PF00107"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis","kegg_map_id":"00010"},{"name":"Fatty acid metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00071"},{"name":"Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00260"},{"name":"Tyrosine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00350"}],"gene_sequence":"ATGTTGAGAACGTCAACATTGTTCACCAGGCGTGTCCAACCAAGCCTATTTTCTAGAAACATTCTTAGATTGCAATCCACAGCTGCAATCCCTAAGACTCAAAAAGGTGTCATCTTTTATGAGAATAAGGGGAAGCTGCATTACAAAGATATCCCTGTCCCCGAGCCTAAGCCAAATGAAATTTTAATCAACGTTAAATATTCTGGTGTATGTCACACCGATTTACATGCTTGGCACGGCGATTGGCCATTACCTGTTAAACTACCATTAGTAGGTGGTCATGAAGGTGCTGGTGTAGTTGTCAAACTAGGTTCCAATGTCAAGGGCTGGAAAGTCGGTGATTTAGCAGGTATCAAATGGCTGAACGGTTCTTGTATGACATGCGAATTCTGTGAATCAGGTCATGAATCAAATTGTCCAGATGCTGATTTATCTGGTTACACTCATGATGGTTCTTTCCAACAATTTGCGACCGCTGATGCTATTCAAGCCGCCAAAATTCAACAGGGTACCGACTTGGCCGAAGTAGCCCCAATATTATGTGCTGGTGTTACTGTATATAAAGCACTAAAAGAGGCAGACTTGAAAGCTGGTGACTGGGTTGCCATCTCTGGTGCTGCAGGTGGCTTGGGTTCCTTGGCCGTTCAATATGCAACTGCGATGGGTTACAGAGTTCTAGGTATTGATGCAGGTGAGGAAAAGGAAAAACTTTTCAAGAAATTGGGGGGTGAAGTATTCATCGACTTTACTAAAACAAAGAATATGGTTTCTGACATTCAAGAAGCTACCAAAGGTGGCCCTCATGGTGTCATTAACGTTTCCGTTTCTGAAGCCGCTATTTCTCTATCTACGGAATATGTTAGACCATGTGGTACCGTCGTTTTGGTTGGTTTGCCCGCTAACGCCTACGTTAAATCAGAGGTATTCTCTCATGTGGTGAAGTCCATCAATATCAAGGGTTCTTATGTTGGTAACAGAGCTGATACGAGAGAAGCCTTAGACTTCTTTAGCAGAGGTTTGATCAAATCACCAATCAAAATTGTTGGATTATCTGAATTACCAAAGGTTTATGACTTGATGGAAAAGGGCAAGATTTTGGGTAGATACGTCGTCGATACTAGTAAATAA","protein_sequence":"MLRTSTLFTRRVQPSLFSRNILRLQSTAAIPKTQKGVIFYENKGKLHYKDIPVPEPKPNEILINVKYSGVCHTDLHAWHGDWPLPVKLPLVGGHEGAGVVVKLGSNVKGWKVGDLAGIKWLNGSCMTCEFCESGHESNCPDADLSGYTHDGSFQQFATADAIQAAKIQQGTDLAEVAPILCAGVTVYKALKEADLKAGDWVAISGAAGGLGSLAVQYATAMGYRVLGIDAGEEKEKLFKKLGGEVFIDFTKTKNMVSDIQEATKGGPHGVINVSVSEAAISLSTEYVRPCGTVVLVGLPANAYVKSEVFSHVVKSINIKGSYVGNRADTREALDFFSRGLIKSPIKIVGLSELPKVYDLMEKGKILGRYVVDTSK"},{"created_at":"2011-05-24T20:24:23.000Z","updated_at":"2011-07-22T17:54:08.000Z","name":"Aldehyde dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] 1","uniprot_id":"P47771","uniprot_name":"ALDH2_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"ALD2","num_residues":506,"molecular_weight":"55187.39844","theoretical_pi":"5.24","general_function":"Involved in oxidoreductase activity","specific_function":"An aldehyde + NAD(P)(+) + H(2)O = an acid + NAD(P)H","reactions":[{"id":1298,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1307,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2315,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm (Potential)","altext":"An aldehyde + NAD(P)(+) + H(2)O = an acid + NAD(P)H.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":"Cytoplasm (Potential)","genbank_gene_id":"X85987","genbank_protein_id":"758648","gene_card_id":"ALD2","chromosome_location":"chromosome 13","locus":"YMR170C","synonyms":[],"enzyme_classes":["1.2.1.5"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" oxidoreductase activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" oxidation reduction"},{"category":"Process","description":" metabolic process"}],"pfams":[{"name":"Aldedh","identifier":"PF00171"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis","kegg_map_id":"00010"},{"name":"Histidine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00340"},{"name":"Tyrosine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00350"},{"name":"Phenylalanine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00360"}],"gene_sequence":"ATGCCTACCTTGTATACTGATATCGAAATCCCACAATTGAAAATCTCTTTAAAGCAACCGCTAGGGTGTTTTATCAACAATGAGTTTTGTCCATCATCAGATGGAAAGACCATCGAAACTGTGAACCCAGCTACTGGCGAACCGATAACATCCTTCCAAGCAGCTAACGAAAAGGATGTAGACAAAGCTGTGAAAGCTGCCAGGGCTGCTTTTGATAACGTTTGGTCGAAGACATCTTCTGAGCAACGTGGTATTTATCTTTCAAACTTATTAAAACTTATTGAGGAGGAGCAAGACACACTTGCCGCATTAGAGACTTTAGACGCTGGAAAGCCTTACCATTCAAATGCCAAAGGTGATTTGGCACAAATTTTACAGCTTACCAGATATTTTGCTGGGTCCGCTGATAAGTTTGACAAAGGTGCAACCATACCATTGACTTTTAACAAGTTTGCATATACTCTAAAAGTTCCTTTTGGCGTTGTTGCTCAAATCGTTCCATGGAATTATCCTCTAGCTATGGCTTGTTGGAAATTGCAAGGTGCCTTAGCAGCCGGTAACACGGTTATCATCAAACCTGCTGAGAATACCTCTCTATCTCTACTTTATTTTGCTACTTTAATTAAAAAAGCAGGTTTTCCACCTGGTGTTGTCAATATCGTTCCTGGTTATGGATCACTTGTAGGCCAAGCCCTAGCATCTCACATGGATATCGACAAAATATCTTTTACGGGAAGCACCAAGGTCGGTGGATTTGTGTTGGAAGCTTCCGGCCAATCGAACCTTAAAGACGTTACACTAGAATGCGGTGGTAAGTCTCCTGCTCTCGTATTTGAAGATGCAGACCTTGATAAGGCTATCGATTGGATAGCAGCTGGCATTTTCTACAATTCAGGACAGAATTGTACCGCAAACTCAAGAGTTTATGTTCAAAGTTCGATCTACGACAAGTTTGTTGAAAAGTTTAAAGAAACTGCAAAGAAGGAGTGGGATGTTGCAGGAAAATTTGATCCGTTTGATGAGAAATGCATCGTTGGTCCAGTTATATCAAGTACACAGTATGACCGCATCAAAAGTTACATAGAACGTGGTAAAAGGGAGGAAAAGTTGGACATGTTCCAGACCTCTGAATTTCCTATTGGTGGAGCTAAAGGCTACTTCATTCCCCCAACCATCTTCACTGATGTCCCGCAAACATCGAAACTGTTACAGGATGAGATATTTGGCCCGGTTGTGGTTGTTAGCAAGTTCACAAATTATGATGACGCTCTGAAGCTGGCTAATGATACTTGCTACGGGCTCGCCTCTGCGGTCTTCACAAAAGATGTCAAGAAAGCGCACATGTTTGCTCGCGATATTAAAGCAGGAACTGTTTGGATCAATCAATCTAACGATGAAGATGTTACCGTTCCTTTTGGCGGGTTTAAGATGAGTGGTATTGGTAGAGAACTAGGCGACAACGTCGTTGATACCTATCTACAAACAAAATCAGTTCACATGGATCTCTCTTTGGACAACTAA","protein_sequence":"MPTLYTDIEIPQLKISLKQPLGLFINNEFCPSSDGKTIETVNPATGEPITSFQAANEKDVDKAVKAARAAFDNVWSKTSSEQRGIYLSNLLKLIEEEQDTLAALETLDAGKPYHSNAKGDLAQILQLTRYFAGSADKFDKGATIPLTFNKFAYTLKVPFGVVAQIVPWNYPLAMACWKLQGALAAGNTVIIKPAENTSLSLLYFATLIKKAGFPPGVVNIVPGYGSLVGQALASHMDIDKISFTGSTKVGGFVLEASGQSNLKDVTLECGGKSPALVFEDADLDKAIDWIAAGIFYNSGQNCTANSRVYVQSSIYDKFVEKFKETAKKEWDVAGKFDPFDEKCIVGPVISSTQYDRIKSYIERGKREEKLDMFQTSEFPIGGAKGYFIPPTIFTDVPQTSKLLQDEIFGPVVVVSKFTNYDDALKLANDTCYGLASAVFTKDVKKAHMFARDIKAGTVWINSSNDEDVTVPFGGFKMSGIGRELGQSGVDTYLQTKAVHINLSLDN"},{"created_at":"2011-05-24T20:24:50.000Z","updated_at":"2011-05-24T20:24:50.000Z","name":"Putative nitronate monooxygenase","uniprot_id":"P47177","uniprot_name":"2NDP_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":null,"num_residues":404,"molecular_weight":"45142.60156","theoretical_pi":"8.65","general_function":"Involved in nitronate monooxygenase activity","specific_function":"Catalyzes the oxidation of alkyl nitronates to produce the corresponding carbonyl compounds and nitrites","reactions":[{"id":2316,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":"Ethylnitronate + O(2) + FMNH(2) = acetaldehyde + nitrite + FMN + H(2)O.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":null,"genbank_gene_id":"Z49649","genbank_protein_id":"1015899","gene_card_id":null,"chromosome_location":null,"locus":"YJR149W","synonyms":["Nitroalkane oxidase"],"enzyme_classes":["1.13.12.16"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" monooxygenase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen, incorporation of one atom of oxygen (internal monooxygenases or internal mixed function oxidases)"},{"category":"Function","description":" nitronate monooxygenase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" oxidoreductase activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" oxidation reduction"},{"category":"Process","description":" metabolic process"}],"pfams":[{"name":"NPD","identifier":"PF03060"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Nitrogen metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00910"}],"gene_sequence":"ATGTACTTTTTAAACCAACTAATATTTCAAGACGTTTCCGTAATGTCGGTGGATAAAAGAGAAGATATGAGCAGATCTTTCCAAAAATGTTTAAACTTGAGATACCCTATCATCCAGGCCCCTATGGCGGGGGTCACGACTATTGAAATGGCCGCTAAGGCTTGTATTGCGGGCGCCATAGCTTCACTACCCCTATCCCACTTAGACTTCAGAAAGGTCAATGATATTGAAAAGCTTAAACTGATGGTTTCACAATTCAGAGATCAAGTAGCCGATGAATCTTTAGAGGGCAATCTCAACCTAAACTTTTTTTGCCATGATATCGTTGATAAACCGACCGATCTTCAAACAGCTAACTGGGCGAAGCTATACAGAAAGTCTATGAATGTGCCGATTGATATGAATGAGATTAAATTCGATAATGGTAATGTATCTTTTAAGGCATTTGAAAAAGAAAATGCTCTTCAAGATTTTTTCCAGTACCTATCAGATGGCTTTAGGCCTAAAATCATTAGTTTCCATTTTGGCCATCCGTCGAAATCTACAATAGAATATTTACAAAAAATTGGAATTCTAATTTTTGTGACTGCCACCTCTGTAAGAGAAGTTCGATTGTTAGCACGTCTCGGCATTAATGGCATAGTGTGTCAAGGCTATGAAGCGGGAGGACATAGAGGAAATTTCTTAGTAAATGACCCCAAAGATGATGAAAACTTATCAACTGTACAATTGGTGAAAAGAACAGTTGATGAACTTGCTGAAATGAAAAATAAAGGTCTTATACATGCTACTCCCTTTGTCATTGCAGCAGGTGGTATAATGGATTCCAAAGATATATCATACATGTTATCACAGCAAGCAGACGCTGTTCAAGTGGGGACTGCTTTTCTTGGTTGCAGTGAATCCAATGCATCAAAAAACTTTTCAAGCCCCTTCACTCGAGAAACAACAACTAAAATGGTTAATATAATATCAGGAAAGCCTGCAAGGACCATCTCTACTCCTTTTATCGAAAAAGTCATTGCTAATTTTCAAGGTGAGGAGCTTCCTCCATATGGCTACATGTATAGTGCTTTCAAGCAAGTAAGAAAAAAGTATCCAGAATTGGCTAACTTTATTTTAGCTGGACAAGGATTTCAGAATGTCCAATCAGGAATCACAACAGACAAGAAAATTGAAACTATGGGCGCAAGATTGAAAATTGTCGGAAAATAA","protein_sequence":"MYFLNQLIFQDVSVMSVDKREDMSRSFQKCLNLRYPIIQAPMAGVTTIEMAAKACIAGAIASLPLSHLDFRKVNDIEKLKLMVSQFRDQVADESLEGNLNLNFFCHDIVDKPTDLQTANWAKLYRKSMNVPIDMNEIKFDNGNVSFKAFEKENALQDFFQYLSDGFRPKIISFHFGHPSKSTIEYLQKIGILIFVTATSVREVRLLARLGINGIVCQGYEAGGHRGNFLVNDPKDDENLSTVQLVKRTVDELAEMKNKGLIHATPFVIAAGGIMDSKDISYMLSQQADAVQVGTAFLGCSESNASKNFSSPFTRETTTKMVNIISGKPARTISTPFIEKVIANFQGEELPPYGYMYSAFKQVRKKYPELANFILAGQGFQNVQSGITTDKKIETMGARLKIVGK"},{"created_at":"2011-05-24T20:25:28.000Z","updated_at":"2011-07-22T17:54:08.000Z","name":"S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase","uniprot_id":"P32771","uniprot_name":"FADH_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"SFA1","num_residues":386,"molecular_weight":"41041.69922","theoretical_pi":"6.76","general_function":"Involved in zinc ion binding","specific_function":"Oxidizes long-chain alcohols and, in the presence of glutathione, is able to oxidize formaldehyde. Is responsible for yeast resistance to formaldehyde","reactions":[{"id":1291,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1294,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1296,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1303,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1305,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1308,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1545,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2317,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":"S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione + NAD(P)(+) = S-formylglutathione + NAD(P)H.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2314,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Mitochondrion matrix;Cytoplasm;Mitochondrion","altext":"An alcohol + NAD(+) = an aldehyde or ketone + NADH.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":null,"genbank_gene_id":"X68020","genbank_protein_id":"288591","gene_card_id":"SFA1","chromosome_location":"chromosome 4","locus":"YDL168W","synonyms":["Alcohol dehydrogenase SFA","Glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase","FALDH","FDH","FLD","GSH-FDH"],"enzyme_classes":["1.1.1.284","1.1.1.1","1.1.1.-"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" cation binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" metal ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" transition metal ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" oxidoreductase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" zinc ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH-OH group of donors"},{"category":"Function","description":" oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor"},{"category":"Function","description":" S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" binding"},{"category":"Process","description":" oxidation reduction"},{"category":"Process","description":" small molecule metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" alcohol metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" monohydric alcohol metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" ethanol metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" ethanol oxidation"}],"pfams":[{"name":"ADH_N","identifier":"PF08240"},{"name":"ADH_zinc_N","identifier":"PF00107"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Methane metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00680"}],"gene_sequence":"ATGTCCGCCGCTACTGTTGGTAAACCTATTAAGTGCATTGCTGCTGTTGCGTATGATGCGAAGAAACCATTAAGTGTTGAAGAAATCACGGTAGACGCCCCAAAAGCGCACGAAGTACGTATCAAAATTGAATATACTGCTGTATGCCACACTGATGCGTACACTTTATCAGGCTCTGATCCAGAAGGACTTTTCCCTTGCGTTCTGGGCCACGAAGGAGCCGGTATCGTAGAATCTGTAGGCGATGATGTCATAACAGTTAAGCCTGGTGATCATGTTATTGCTTTGTACACTGCTGAGTGTGGCAAATGTAAGTTCTGTACTTCCGGTAAAACCAACTTATGTGGTGCTGTTAGAGCTACTCAAGGGAAAGGTGTAATGCCTGATGGGACCACAAGATTTCATAATGCGAAAGGTGAAGATATATACCATTTCATGGGTTGCTCTACTTTTTCCGAATATACTGTGGTGGCAGATGTCTCTGTGGTTGCCATCGATCCAAAAGCTCCCTTGGATGCTGCCTGTTTACTGGGTTGTGGTGTTACTACTGGTTTTGGGGCGGCTCTTAAGACAGCTAATGTGCAAAAAGGCGATACCGTTGCAGTATTTGGCTGCGGGACTGTAGGACTCTCCGTTATCCAAGGTGCAAAGTTAAGGGGCGCTTCCAAGATCATTGCCATTGACATTAACAATAAGAAAAAACAATATTGTTCTCAATTTGGTGCCACGGATTTTGTTAATCCCAAGGAAGATTTGGCCAAAGATCAAACTATCGTTGAAAAGTTAATTGAAATGACTGATGGGGGTCTGGATTTTACTTTTGACTGTACTGGTAATACCAAAATTATGAGAGATGCTTTGGAAGCCTGTCATAAAGGTTGGGGTCAATCTATTATCATTGGTGTGGCTGCCGCTGGTGAAGAAATTTCTACAAGGCCGTTCCAGCTGGTCACTGGTAGAGTGTGGAAAGGCTCTGCTTTTGGTGGCATCAAAGGTAGATCTGAAATGGGCGGTTTAATTAAAGACTATCAAAAAGGTGCCTTAAAAGTCGAAGAATTTATCACTCACAGGAGACCATTCAAAGAAATCAATCAAGCCTTTGAAGATTTGCATAACGGTGATTGCTTAAGAACCGTCTTGAAGTCTGATGAAATAAAATAG","protein_sequence":"MSAATVGKPIKCIAAVAYDAKKPLSVEEITVDAPKAHEVRIKIEYTAVCHTDAYTLSGSDPEGLFPCVLGHEGAGIVESVGDDVITVKPGDHVIALYTAECGKCKFCTSGKTNLCGAVRATQGKGVMPDGTTRFHNAKGEDIYHFMGCSTFSEYTVVADVSVVAIDPKAPLDAACLLGCGVTTGFGAALKTANVQKGDTVAVFGCGTVGLSVIQGAKLRGASKIIAIDINNKKKQYCSQFGATDFVNPKEDLAKDQTIVEKLIEMTDGGLDFTFDCTGNTKIMRDALEACHKGWGQSIIIGVAAAGEEISTRPFQLVTGRVWKGSAFGGIKGRSEMGGLIKDYQKGALKVEEFITHRRPFKEINQAFEDLHNGDCLRTVLKSDEIK"},{"created_at":"2011-05-24T20:26:04.000Z","updated_at":"2011-07-22T17:54:11.000Z","name":"Potassium-activated aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial","uniprot_id":"P46367","uniprot_name":"ALDH4_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"ALD4","num_residues":519,"molecular_weight":"56723.19922","theoretical_pi":"6.72","general_function":"Involved in oxidoreductase activity","specific_function":"An aldehyde + NAD(+) + H(2)O = an acid + NADH","reactions":[{"id":1299,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1300,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1301,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1302,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1321,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2318,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Mitochondrion matrix;Cytoplasm","altext":"An aldehyde + NAD(+) + H(2)O = an acid + NADH.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":3863,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006384","source":"Smpdb"}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":"Mitochondrion matrix","genbank_gene_id":"Z75282","genbank_protein_id":"1420808","gene_card_id":"ALD4","chromosome_location":"chromosome 15","locus":"YOR374W","synonyms":["K(+)-activated acetaldehyde dehydrogenase","K(+)-ACDH"],"enzyme_classes":["1.2.1.3"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" oxidoreductase activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" oxidation reduction"},{"category":"Process","description":" metabolic process"}],"pfams":[{"name":"Aldedh","identifier":"PF00171"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis","kegg_map_id":"00010"},{"name":"Fatty acid metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00071"},{"name":"Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation","kegg_map_id":"00280"},{"name":"Lysine degradation","kegg_map_id":"00310"},{"name":"Arginine and proline metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00330"},{"name":"Histidine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00340"},{"name":"Tryptophan metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00380"},{"name":"beta-Alanine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00410"},{"name":"Glycerolipid metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00561"},{"name":"Pyruvate metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00620"},{"name":"Propanoate metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00640"},{"name":"threonine metabolism","kegg_map_id":null}],"gene_sequence":"ATGTTCAGTAGATCTACGCTCTGCTTAAAGACGTCTGCATCCTCCATTGGGAGACTTCAATTGAGATATTTCTCACACCTTCCTATGACAGTGCCTATCAAGCTGCCCAATGGGTTGGAATATGAGCAACCAACGGGGTTGTTCATCAACAACAAGTTTGTTCCTTCTAAACAGAACAAGACCTTCGAAGTCATTAACCCTTCCACGGAAGAAGAAATATGTCATATTTATGAAGGTAGAGAGGACGATGTGGAAGAGGCCGTGCAGGCCGCCGACCGTGCCTTCTCTAATGGGTCTTGGAACGGTATCGACCCTATTGACAGGGGTAAGGCTTTGTACAGGTTAGCCGAATTAATTGAACAGGACAAGGATGTCATTGCTTCCATCGAGACTTTGGATAACGGTAAAGCTATCTCTTCCTCGAGAGGAGATGTTGATTTAGTCATCAACTATTTGAAATCTTCTGCTGGCTTTGCTGATAAAATTGATGGTAGAATGATTGATACTGGTAGAACCCATTTTTCTTACACTAAGAGACAGCCTTTGGGTGTTTGTGGGCAGATTATTCCTTGGAATTTCCCACTGTTGATGTGGGCCTGGAAGATTGCCCCTGCTTTGGTCACCGGTAACACCGTCGTGTTGAAGACTGCCGAATCCACCCCATTGTCCGCTTTGTATGTGTCTAAATACATCCCACAGGCGGGTATTCCACCTGGTGTGATCAACATTGTATCCGGGTTTGGTAAGATTGTGGGTGAGGCCATTACAAACCATCCAAAAATCAAAAAGGTTGCCTTCACAGGGTCCACGGCTACGGGTAGACACATTTACCAGTCCGCAGCCGCAGGCTTGAAAAAAGTGACTTTGGAGCTGGGTGGTAAATCACCAAACATTGTCTTCGCGGACGCCGAGTTGAAAAAAGCCGTGCAAAACATTATCCTTGGTATCTACTACAATTCTGGTGAGGTCTGTTGTGCGGGTTCAAGGGTGTATGTTGAAGAATCTATTTACGACAAATTCATTGAAGAGTTCAAAGCCGCTTCTGAATCCATCAAGGTGGGCGACCCATTCGATGAATCTACTTTCCAAGGTGCACAAACCTCTCAAATGCAACTAAACAAAATCTTGAAATACGTTGACATTGGTAAGAATGAAGGTGCTACTTTGATTACCGGTGGTGAAAGATTAGGTAGCAAGGGTTACTTCATTAAGCCAACTGTCTTTGGTGACGTTAAGGAAGACATGAGAATTGTCAAAGAGGAAATCTTTGGCCCTGTTGTCACTGTAACCAAATTCAAATCTGCCGACGAAGTCATTAACATGGCGAACGATTCTGAATACGGGTTGGCTGCTGGTATTCACACCTCTAATATTAATACCGCCTTAAAAGTGGCTGATAGAGTTAATGCGGGTACGGTCTGGATAAACACTTATAACGATTTCCACCACGCAGTTCCTTTCGGTGGGTTCAATGCATCTGGTTTGGGCAGGGAAATGTCTGTTGATGCTTTACAAAACTACTTGCAAGTTAAAGCGGTCCGTGCCAAATTGGACGAGTAA","protein_sequence":"MFSRSTLCLKTSASSIGRLQLRYFSHLPMTVPIKLPNGLEYEQPTGLFINNKFVPSKQNKTFEVINPSTEEEICHIYEGREDDVEEAVQAADRAFSNGSWNGIDPIDRGKALYRLAELIEQDKDVIASIETLDNGKAISSSRGDVDLVINYLKSSAGFADKIDGRMIDTGRTHFSYTKRQPLGVCGQIIPWNFPLLMWAWKIAPALVTGNTVVLKTAESTPLSALYVSKYIPQAGIPPGVINIVSGFGKIVGEAITNHPKIKKVAFTGSTATGRHIYQSAAAGLKKVTLELGGKSPNIVFADAELKKAVQNIILGIYYNSGEVCCAGSRVYVEESIYDKFIEEFKAASESIKVGDPFDESTFQGAQTSQMQLNKILKYVDIGKNEGATLITGGERLGSKGYFIKPTVFGDVKEDMRIVKEEIFGPVVTVTKFKSADEVINMANDSEYGLAAGIHTSNINTALKVADRVNAGTVWINTYNDFHHAVPFGGFNASGLGREMSVDALQNYLQVKAVRAKLDE"},{"created_at":"2011-05-24T20:26:42.000Z","updated_at":"2011-07-22T17:53:52.000Z","name":"Pyruvate decarboxylase isozyme 2","uniprot_id":"P16467","uniprot_name":"PDC5_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"PDC5","num_residues":563,"molecular_weight":"61911.60156","theoretical_pi":"6.4","general_function":"Involved in magnesium ion binding","specific_function":"Second most abundant of three pyruvate decarboxylases (PDC1, PDC5, PDC6) implicated in the nonoxidative conversion of pyruvate to acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide during alcoholic fermentation. Most of the produced acetaldehyde is subsequently reduced to ethanol, but some is required for cytosolic acetyl-CoA production for biosynthetic pathways. The enzyme is also one of five 2-oxo acid decarboxylases (PDC1, PDC5, PDC6, ARO10, and THI3) able to decarboxylate more complex 2-oxo acids (alpha-keto-acids) than pyruvate, which seem mainly involved in amino acid catabolism. Here the enzyme catalyzes the decarboxylation of amino acids, which, in a first step, have been transaminated to the corresponding 2-oxo acids. In a third step, the resulting aldehydes are reduced to alcohols, collectively referred to as fusel oils or alcohols. Its preferred substrates are the transaminated amino acids valine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan, whereas leucine is no substrate. In a side-reaction the carbanionic intermediate (or active aldehyde) generated by decarboxylation or by activation of an aldehyde can react with an aldehyde via condensation (or carboligation) yielding a 2-hydroxy ketone, collectively called acyloins","reactions":[{"id":1184,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1186,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1228,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1658,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1841,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1933,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1934,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2319,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm;Nucleus","altext":"A 2-oxo acid = an aldehyde + CO(2).","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2320,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm","altext":"3-(indol-3-yl)pyruvate = 2-(indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde + CO(2).","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2321,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm","altext":"Phenylpyruvate = phenylacetaldehyde + CO(2).","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2322,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm","altext":"Pyruvate = Acetaldehyde + CO(2).","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2323,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm","altext":"A 2-oxo acid + an aldehyde = A 2-hydroxy ketone + CO(2).","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2324,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm","altext":"An aldehyde + an aldehyde = A 2-hydroxy ketone.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":14096,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006520","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14097,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006525","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14098,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006537","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14099,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006557","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14100,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006971","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14101,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006979","source":"Smpdb"}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus","genbank_gene_id":"U53881","genbank_protein_id":"1256902","gene_card_id":"PDC5","chromosome_location":"chromosome 12","locus":"YLR134W","synonyms":[],"enzyme_classes":["4.1.1.-","4.1.1.1"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" lyase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" carbon-carbon lyase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" carboxy-lyase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" cation binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" metal ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" vitamin binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" magnesium ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" thiamin pyrophosphate binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" Not Available"}],"pfams":[{"name":"TPP_enzyme_C","identifier":"PF02775"},{"name":"TPP_enzyme_M","identifier":"PF00205"},{"name":"TPP_enzyme_N","identifier":"PF02776"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis","kegg_map_id":"00010"},{"name":"Ethanol fermentation","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"Isoleucine degradation","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"Phenylalanine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00360"},{"name":"Pyruvate metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00620"},{"name":"Tryptophan metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00380"},{"name":"Tyrosine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00350"},{"name":"Valine Degradation","kegg_map_id":null}],"gene_sequence":"ATGTCTGAAATAACCTTAGGTAAATATTTATTTGAAAGATTGAGCCAAGTCAACTGTAACACCGTCTTCGGTTTGCCAGGTGACTTTAACTTGTCTCTTTTGGATAAGCTTTATGAAGTCAAAGGTATGAGATGGGCTGGTAACGCTAACGAATTGAACGCTGCCTATGCTGCTGATGGTTACGCTCGTATCAAGGGTATGTCCTGTATTATTACCACCTTCGGTGTTGGTGAATTGTCTGCTTTGAATGGTATTGCCGGTTCTTACGCTGAACATGTCGGTGTTTTGCACGTTGTTGGTGTTCCATCCATCTCTTCTCAAGCTAAGCAATTGTTGTTGCATCATACCTTGGGTAACGGTGACTTCACTGTTTTCCACAGAATGTCTGCCAACATTTCTGAAACCACTGCCATGATCACTGATATTGCTAACGCTCCAGCTGAAATTGACAGATGTATCAGAACCACCTACACTACCCAAAGACCAGTCTACTTGGGTTTGCCAGCTAACTTGGTTGACTTGAACGTCCCAGCCAAGTTATTGGAAACTCCAATTGACTTGTCTTTGAAGCCAAACGACGCTGAAGCTGAAGCTGAAGTTGTTAGAACTGTTGTTGAATTGATCAAGGATGCTAAGAACCCAGTTATCTTGGCTGATGCTTGTGCTTCTAGACATGATGTCAAGGCTGAAACTAAGAAGTTGATGGACTTGACTCAATTCCCAGTTTACGTCACCCCAATGGGTAAGGGTGCTATTGACGAACAACACCCAAGATACGGTGGTGTTTACGTTGGTACCTTGTCTAGACCAGAAGTTAAGAAGGCTGTAGAATCTGCTGATTTGATATTGTCTATCGGTGCTTTGTTGTCTGATTTCAATACCGGTTCTTTCTCTTACTCCTACAAGACCAAAAATATCGTTGAATTCCACTCTGACCACATCAAGATCAGAAACGCCACCTTCCCAGGTGTTCAAATGAAATTTGCCTTGCAAAAATTGTTGGATGCTATTCCAGAAGTCGTCAAGGACTACAAACCTGTTGCTGTCCCAGCTAGAGTTCCAATTACCAAGTCTACTCCAGCTAACACTCCAATGAAGCAAGAATGGATGTGGAACCATTTGGGTAACTTCTTGAGAGAAGGTGATATTGTTATTGCTGAAACCGGTACTTCCGCCTTCGGTATTAACCAAACTACTTTCCCAACAGATGTATACGCTATCGTCCAAGTCTTGTGGGGTTCCATTGGTTTCACAGTCGGCGCTCTATTGGGTGCTACTATGGCCGCTGAAGAACTTGATCCAAAGAAGAGAGTTATTTTATTCATTGGTGACGGTTCTCTACAATTGACTGTTCAAGAAATCTCTACCATGATTAGATGGGGTTTGAAGCCATACATTTTTGTCTTGAATAACAACGGTTACACCATTGAAAAATTGATTCACGGTCCTCATGCCGAATATAATGAAATTCAAGGTTGGGACCACTTGGCCTTATTGCCAACTTTTGGTGCTAGAAACTACGAAACCCACAGAGTTGCTACCACTGGTGAATGGGAAAAGTTGACTCAAGACAAGGACTTCCAAGACAACTCTAAGATTAGAATGATTGAAGTTATGTTGCCAGTCTTTGATGCTCCACAAAACTTGGTTAAACAAGCTCAATTGACTGCCGCTACTAACGCTAAACAATAA","protein_sequence":"MSEITLGKYLFERLSQVNCNTVFGLPGDFNLSLLDKLYEVKGMRWAGNANELNAAYAADGYARIKGMSCIITTFGVGELSALNGIAGSYAEHVGVLHVVGVPSISSQAKQLLLHHTLGNGDFTVFHRMSANISETTAMITDIANAPAEIDRCIRTTYTTQRPVYLGLPANLVDLNVPAKLLETPIDLSLKPNDAEAEAEVVRTVVELIKDAKNPVILADACASRHDVKAETKKLMDLTQFPVYVTPMGKGAIDEQHPRYGGVYVGTLSRPEVKKAVESADLILSIGALLSDFNTGSFSYSYKTKNIVEFHSDHIKIRNATFPGVQMKFALQKLLDAIPEVVKDYKPVAVPARVPITKSTPANTPMKQEWMWNHLGNFLREGDIVIAETGTSAFGINQTTFPTDVYAIVQVLWGSIGFTVGALLGATMAAEELDPKKRVILFIGDGSLQLTVQEISTMIRWGLKPYIFVLNNNGYTIEKLIHGPHAEYNEIQGWDHLALLPTFGARNYETHRVATTGEWEKLTQDKDFQDNSKIRMIEVMLPVFDAPQNLVKQAQLTAATNAKQ"},{"created_at":"2011-05-24T20:27:16.000Z","updated_at":"2011-07-22T17:53:52.000Z","name":"Pyruvate decarboxylase isozyme 3","uniprot_id":"P26263","uniprot_name":"PDC6_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"PDC6","num_residues":563,"molecular_weight":"61579.89844","theoretical_pi":"6.11","general_function":"Involved in magnesium ion binding","specific_function":"Minor of three pyruvate decarboxylases (PDC1, PDC5, PDC6) implicated in the nonoxidative conversion of pyruvate to acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide during alcoholic fermentation. Most of the produced acetaldehyde is subsequently reduced to ethanol, but some is required for cytosolic acetyl-CoA production for biosynthetic pathways. The enzyme is also one of five 2-oxo acid decarboxylases (PDC1, PDC5, PDC6, ARO10, and THI3) able to decarboxylate more complex 2-oxo acids (alpha-keto-acids) than pyruvate, which seem mainly involved in amino acid catabolism. Here the enzyme catalyzes the decarboxylation of amino acids, which, in a first step, have been transaminated to the corresponding 2-oxo acids. In a third step, the resulting aldehydes are reduced to alcohols, collectively referred to as fusel oils or alcohols. Its preferred substrates are the transaminated amino acids valine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan, whereas leucine is no substrate. In a side-reaction the carbanionic intermediate (or active aldehyde) generated by decarboxylation or by activation of an aldehyde can react with an aldehyde via condensation (or carboligation) yielding a 2-hydroxy ketone, collectively called acyloins. The expression level of this protein in the presence of fermentable carbon sources is so low that it can not compensate for the other two pyruvate decarboxylases to sustain fermentation","reactions":[{"id":1184,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1186,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1228,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1658,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1841,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1933,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1934,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2319,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm;Nucleus","altext":"A 2-oxo acid = an aldehyde + CO(2).","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2320,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm","altext":"3-(indol-3-yl)pyruvate = 2-(indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde + CO(2).","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2321,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm","altext":"Phenylpyruvate = phenylacetaldehyde + CO(2).","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2322,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm","altext":"Pyruvate = Acetaldehyde + CO(2).","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2323,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm","altext":"A 2-oxo acid + an aldehyde = A 2-hydroxy ketone + CO(2).","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2324,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus;Cytoplasm","altext":"An aldehyde + an aldehyde = A 2-hydroxy ketone.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":14096,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006520","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14097,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006525","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14098,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006537","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14099,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006557","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14100,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006971","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14101,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006979","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14283,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006759","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14285,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006770","source":"Smpdb"}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":"Cytoplasm","genbank_gene_id":"X55905","genbank_protein_id":"4116","gene_card_id":"PDC6","chromosome_location":"chromosome 7","locus":"YGR087C","synonyms":[],"enzyme_classes":["4.1.1.-","4.1.1.1"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" lyase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" carbon-carbon lyase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" carboxy-lyase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" cation binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" metal ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" vitamin binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" magnesium ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" thiamin pyrophosphate binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" Not Available"}],"pfams":[{"name":"TPP_enzyme_C","identifier":"PF02775"},{"name":"TPP_enzyme_M","identifier":"PF00205"},{"name":"TPP_enzyme_N","identifier":"PF02776"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis","kegg_map_id":"00010"},{"name":"Ethanol fermentation","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"Isoleucine degradation","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"Phenylalanine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00360"},{"name":"Pyruvate metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00620"},{"name":"Tryptophan metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00380"},{"name":"Tyrosine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00350"},{"name":"Valine Biosynthesis","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"Valine Degradation","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"isoleucine biosynthesis","kegg_map_id":null}],"gene_sequence":"ATGTCTGAAATTACTCTTGGAAAATACTTATTTGAAAGATTGAAGCAAGTTAATGTTAACACCATTTTTGGGCTACCAGGCGACTTCAACTTGTCCCTATTGGACAAGATTTACGAGGTAGATGGATTGAGATGGGCTGGTAATGCAAATGAGCTGAACGCCGCCTATGCCGCCGATGGTTACGCACGCATCAAGGGTTTATCTGTGCTGGTAACTACTTTTGGCGTAGGTGAATTATCCGCCTTGAATGGTATTGCAGGATCGTATGCAGAACACGTCGGTGTACTGCATGTTGTTGGTGTCCCCTCTATCTCCGCTCAGGCTAAGCAATTGTTGTTGCATCATACCTTGGGTAACGGTGATTTTACCGTTTTTCACAGAATGTCCGCCAATATCTCAGAAACTACATCAATGATTACAGACATTGCTACAGCCCCTTCAGAAATCGATAGGTTGATCAGGACAACATTTATAACACAAAGGCCTAGCTACTTGGGGTTGCCAGCGAATTTGGTAGATCTAAAGGTTCCTGGTTCTCTTTTGGAAAAACCGATTGATCTATCATTAAAACCTAACGATCCCGAAGCTGAAAAGGAAGTTATTGATACCGTACTAGAATTGATCCAGAATTCGAAAAACCCTGTTATACTATCGGATGCCTGTGCTTCTAGGCACAACGTTAAAAAAGAAACCCAGAAGTTAATTGATTTGACGCAATTCCCAGCTTTTGTGACACCTCTAGGTAAAGGGTCAATAGATGAACAGCATCCCAGATATGGCGGTGTTTATGTGGGAACGCTGTCCAAACAAGACGTGAAACAGGCCGTTGAGTCGGCTGATTTGATCCTTTCGGTCGGTGCTTTGCTCTCTGATTTTAACACAGGTTCGTTTTCCTACTCCTACAAGACTAAAAATGTAGTGGAGTTTCATTCCGATTACGTAAAGGTGAAGAACGCTACGTTCCTCGGTGTACAAATGAAATTTGCACTACAAAACTTACTGAAGGTTATTCCCGATGTTGTTAAGGGCTACAAGAGCGTTCCCGTACCAACCAAAACTCCCGCAAACAAAGGTGTACCTGCTAGCACGCCCTTGAAACAAGAGTGGTTGTGGAACGAATTGTCCAAATTCTTGCAAGAAGGTGATGTTATCATTTCCGAGACCGGCACGTCTGCCTTCGGTATCAATCAAACTATCTTTCCTAAGGACGCCTACGGTATCTCGCAGGTGTTGTGGGGGTCCATCGGTTTTACAACAGGAGCAACTTTAGGTGCTGCCTTTGCCGCTGAGGAGATTGACCCCAACAAGAGAGTCATCTTATTCATAGGTGACGGGTCTTTGCAGTTAACCGTCCAAGAAATCTCCACCATGATCAGATGGGGGTTAAAGCCGTATCTTTTTGTCCTTAACAACGACGGCTACACTATCGAAAAGCTGATTCATGGGCCTCACGCAGAGTACAACGAAATCCAGACCTGGGATCACCTCGCCCTGTTGCCCGCATTTGGTGCGAAAAAGTACGAAAATCACAAGATCGCCACTACGGGTGAGTGGGATGCCTTAACCACTGATTCAGAGTTCCAGAAAAACTCGGTGATCAGACTAATTGAACTGAAACTGCCCGTCTTTGATGCTCCGGAAAGTTTGATCAAACAAGCGCAATTGACTGCCGCTACAAATGCCAAACAATAA","protein_sequence":"MSEITLGKYLFERLKQVNVNTIFGLPGDFNLSLLDKIYEVDGLRWAGNANELNAAYAADGYARIKGLSVLVTTFGVGELSALNGIAGSYAEHVGVLHVVGVPSISAQAKQLLLHHTLGNGDFTVFHRMSANISETTSMITDIATAPSEIDRLIRTTFITQRPSYLGLPANLVDLKVPGSLLEKPIDLSLKPNDPEAEKEVIDTVLELIQNSKNPVILSDACASRHNVKKETQKLIDLTQFPAFVTPLGKGSIDEQHPRYGGVYVGTLSKQDVKQAVESADLILSVGALLSDFNTGSFSYSYKTKNVVEFHSDYVKVKNATFLGVQMKFALQNLLKVIPDVVKGYKSVPVPTKTPANKGVPASTPLKQEWLWNELSKFLQEGDVIISETGTSAFGINQTIFPKDAYGISQVLWGSIGFTTGATLGAAFAAEEIDPNKRVILFIGDGSLQLTVQEISTMIRWGLKPYLFVLNNDGYTIEKLIHGPHAEYNEIQTWDHLALLPAFGAKKYENHKIATTGEWDALTTDSEFQKNSVIRLIELKLPVFDAPESLIKQAQLTAATNAKQ"},{"created_at":"2011-05-24T20:27:52.000Z","updated_at":"2011-07-22T17:54:08.000Z","name":"Aldehyde dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] 2","uniprot_id":"P54114","uniprot_name":"ALDH3_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"ALD3","num_residues":506,"molecular_weight":"55384.80078","theoretical_pi":"5.42","general_function":"Involved in oxidoreductase activity","specific_function":"An aldehyde + NAD(P)(+) + H(2)O = an acid + NAD(P)H","reactions":[{"id":1298,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1307,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2315,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm (Potential)","altext":"An aldehyde + NAD(P)(+) + H(2)O = an acid + NAD(P)H.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":3763,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006287","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":3764,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006418","source":"Smpdb"}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":null,"genbank_gene_id":"Z49705","genbank_protein_id":"825574","gene_card_id":"ALD3","chromosome_location":"chromosome 13","locus":"YMR169C","synonyms":[],"enzyme_classes":["1.2.1.5"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" oxidoreductase activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" oxidation reduction"},{"category":"Process","description":" metabolic process"}],"pfams":[{"name":"Aldedh","identifier":"PF00171"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis","kegg_map_id":"00010"},{"name":"Histidine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00340"},{"name":"Tyrosine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00350"},{"name":"Phenylalanine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00360"},{"name":"beta-Alanine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00410"},{"name":"Glycerol metabolism","kegg_map_id":null}],"gene_sequence":"ATGCCTACCTTGTATACTGATATCGAAATCCCACAATTGAAAATCTCTTTAAAGCAACCGCTAGGGTTGTTTATCAACAATGAGTTTTGTCCATCATCAGATGGAAAGACCATCGAAACTGTGAACCCAGCTACTGGCGAACCGATAACATCCTTCCAAGCAGCTAACGAAAAGGATGTAGACAAAGCTGTGAAAGCTGCCAGGGCTGCTTTTGATAACGTTTGGTCGAAGACATCTTCTGAGCAACGTGGTATTTATCTTTCAAACTTATTAAAACTTATTGAGGAGGAGCAAGACACACTTGCCGCATTAGAGACTTTAGACGCTGGTAAGCCTTTCCATTCCAATGCTAAACAAGACTTAGCCCAGATTATAGAACTTACAAGATACTATGCGGGGGCGGTCGACAAGTTCAATATGGGTGAAACCATTCCATTGACTTTTAACAAGTTTGCATATACTCTAAAAGTTCCTTTTGGCGTTGTTGCTCAAATCGTTCCATGGAATTATCCTCTAGCTATGGCTTGTAGAAAAATGCAAGGTGCCTTAGCGGCCGGTAACACGGTTATCATCAAACCTGCTGAAAATACCTCTCTATCTCTACTTTATTTTGCTACTTTAATTAAAAAAGCAGGTTTTCCACCTGGTGTTGTCAATGTCATTCCTGGTTATGGTTCCGTTGTGGGGAAAGCTTTAGGAACCCACATGGATATCGACAAAATATCTTTTACGGGAAGTACTAAGGTTGGCGGCTCAGTATTGGAAGCTTCCGGCCAATCGAACCTTAAGGATATCACACTAGAATGCGGTGGTAAGTCTCCTGCTCTTGTATTTGAAGATGCAGACCTTGATAAGGCTATAGAATGGGTAGCAAATGGTATTTTTTTTAATTCGGGACAGATCTGCACTGCAAACTCAAGAGTTTATGTTCAAAGTTCGATCTACGACAAGTTTGTTGAAAAGTTTAAAGAAACTGCAAAGAAGGAGTGGGATGTTGCAGGAAAATTTGATCCGTTTGATGAGAAATGCATCGTTGGTCCAGTTATATCAAGTACACAGTATGACCGCATCAAAAGTTACATAGAACGTGGTAAAAAGGAGGAAAAGTTGGACATGTTCCAGACCTCTGAATTTCCTATTGGTGGAGCTAAAGGCTACTTCATTCCCCCAACCATCTTCACTGATGTACCAGAAACATCTAAGTTGCTGCGTGATGAAATATTTGGCCCGGTTGTGGTTGTTAGCAAGTTCACAAATTATGATGACGCTCTGAAGCTGGCTAATGATACTTGCTACGGGCTCGCCTCTGCGGTCTTCACCAAAGATGTCAAGAAAGCGCACATGTTTGCTCGCGATATTAAAGCAGGAACTGTTTGGATCAATCAAACCAATCAAGAAGAAGCTAAAGTTCCTTTTGGCGGATTTAAGATGAGTGGTATTGGTAGAGAATCAGGCGACACCGGCGTTGATAACTATTTACAAATAAAATCAGTCCATGTGGATCTTTCATTGGATAAATAA","protein_sequence":"MPTLYTDIEIPQLKISLKQPLGLFINNEFCPSSDGKTIETVNPATGEPITSFQAANEKDVDKAVKAARAAFDNVWSKTSSEQRGIYLSNLLKLIEEEQDTLAALETLDAGKPFHSNAKQDLAQIIELTRYYAGAVDKFNMGETIPLTFNKFAYTLKVPFGVVAQIVPWNYPLAMACRKMQGALAAGNTVIIKPAENTSLSLLYFATLIKKAGFPPGVVNVIPGYGSVVGKALGTHMDIDKISFTGSTKVGGSVLEASGQSNLKDITLECGGKSPALVFEDADLDKAIEWVANGIFFNSGQICTANSRVYVQSSIYDKFVEKFKETAKKEWDVAGKFDPFDEKCIVGPVISSTQYDRIKSYIERGKKEEKLDMFQTSEFPIGGAKGYFIPPTIFTDVPETSKLLRDEIFGPVVVVSKFTNYDDALKLANDTCYGLASAVFTKDVKKAHMFARDIKAGTVWINQTNQEEAKVPFGGFKMSGIGRESGDTGVDNYLQIKSVHVDLSLDK"},{"created_at":"2011-05-24T20:28:26.000Z","updated_at":"2011-07-22T17:54:06.000Z","name":"Magnesium-activated aldehyde dehydrogenase, cytosolic","uniprot_id":"P54115","uniprot_name":"ALDH6_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"ALD6","num_residues":500,"molecular_weight":"54413.69922","theoretical_pi":"5.08","general_function":"Involved in oxidoreductase activity","specific_function":"An aldehyde + NAD(+) + H(2)O = an acid + NADH","reactions":[{"id":1299,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1302,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2318,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Mitochondrion matrix;Cytoplasm","altext":"An aldehyde + NAD(+) + H(2)O = an acid + NADH.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":3862,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006383","source":"Smpdb"}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":"Cytoplasm","genbank_gene_id":"U39205","genbank_protein_id":"1079681","gene_card_id":"ALD6","chromosome_location":"chromosome 16","locus":"YPL061W","synonyms":["Mg(2+)-activated acetaldehyde dehydrogenase","Mg(2+)-ACDH"],"enzyme_classes":["1.2.1.3"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" oxidoreductase activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" oxidation reduction"},{"category":"Process","description":" metabolic process"}],"pfams":[{"name":"Aldedh","identifier":"PF00171"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis","kegg_map_id":"00010"},{"name":"Fatty acid metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00071"},{"name":"Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation","kegg_map_id":"00280"},{"name":"Lysine degradation","kegg_map_id":"00310"},{"name":"Arginine and proline metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00330"},{"name":"Histidine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00340"},{"name":"Tryptophan metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00380"},{"name":"beta-Alanine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00410"},{"name":"Glycerolipid metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00561"},{"name":"Pyruvate metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00620"},{"name":"Propanoate metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00640"},{"name":"threonine metabolism","kegg_map_id":null}],"gene_sequence":"ATGACTAAGCTACACTTTGACACTGCTGAACCAGTCAAGATCACACTTCCAAATGGTTTGACATACGAGCAACCAACCGGTCTATTCATTAACAACAAGTTTATGAAAGCTCAAGACGGTAAGACCTATCCCGTCGAAGATCCTTCCACTGAAAACACCGTTTGTGAGGTCTCTTCTGCCACCACTGAAGATGTTGAATATGCTATCGAATGTGCCGACCGTGCTTTCCACGACACTGAATGGGCTACCCAAGACCCAAGAGAAAGAGGCCGTCTACTAAGTAAGTTGGCTGACGAATTGGAAAGCCAAATTGACTTGGTTTCTTCCATTGAAGCTTTGGACAATGGTAAAACTTTGGCCTTAGCCCGTGGGGATGTTACCATTGCAATCAACTGTCTAAGAGATGCTGCTGCCTATGCCGACAAAGTCAACGGTAGAACAATCAACACCGGTGACGGCTACATGAACTTCACCACCTTAGAGCCAATCGGTGTCTGTGGTCAAATTATTCCATGGAACTTTCCAATAATGATGTTGGCTTGGAAGATCGCCCCAGCATTGGCCATGGGTAACGTCTGTATCTTGAAACCCGCTGCTGTCACACCTTTAAATGCCCTATACTTTGCTTCTTTATGTAAGAAGGTTGGTATTCCAGCTGGTGTCGTCAACATCGTTCCAGGTCCTGGTAGAACTGTTGGTGCTGCTTTGACCAACGACCCAAGAATCAGAAAGCTGGCTTTTACCGGTTCTACAGAAGTCGGTAAGAGTGTTGCTGTCGACTCTTCTGAATCTAACTTGAAGAAAATCACTTTGGAACTAGGTGGTAAGTCCGCCCATTTGGTCTTTGACGATGCTAACATTAAGAAGACTTTACCAAATCTAGTAAACGGTATTTTCAAGAACGCTGGTCAAATTTGTTCCTCTGGTTCTAGAATTTACGTTCAAGAAGGTATTTACGACGAACTATTGGCTGCTTTCAAGGCTTACTTGGAAACCGAAATCAAAGTTGGTAATCCATTTGACAAGGCTAACTTCCAAGGTGCTATCACTAACCGTCAACAATTCGACACAATTATGAACTACATCGATATCGGTAAGAAAGAAGGCGCCAAGATCTTAACTGGTGGCGAAAAAGTTGGTGACAAGGGTTACTTCATCAGACCAACCGTTTTCTACGATGTTAATGAAGACATGAGAATTGTTAAGGAAGAAATTTTTGGACCAGTTGTCACTGTCGCAAAGTTCAAGACTTTAGAAGAAGGTGTCGAAATGGCTAACAGCTCTGAATTCGGTCTAGGTTCTGGTATCGAAACAGAATCTTTGAGCACAGGTTTGAAGGTGGCCAAGATGTTGAAGGCCGGTACCGTCTGGATCAACACATACAACGATTTTGACTCCAGAGTTCCATTCGGTGGTGTTAAGCAATCTGGTTACGGTAGAGAAATGGGTGAAGAAGTCTACCATGCATACACTGAAGTAAAAGCTGTCAGAATTAAGTTGTAA","protein_sequence":"MTKLHFDTAEPVKITLPNGLTYEQPTGLFINNKFMKAQDGKTYPVEDPSTENTVCEVSSATTEDVEYAIECADRAFHDTEWATQDPRERGRLLSKLADELESQIDLVSSIEALDNGKTLALARGDVTIAINCLRDAAAYADKVNGRTINTGDGYMNFTTLEPIGVCGQIIPWNFPIMMLAWKIAPALAMGNVCILKPAAVTPLNALYFASLCKKVGIPAGVVNIVPGPGRTVGAALTNDPRIRKLAFTGSTEVGKSVAVDSSESNLKKITLELGGKSAHLVFDDANIKKTLPNLVNGIFKNAGQICSSGSRIYVQEGIYDELLAAFKAYLETEIKVGNPFDKANFQGAITNRQQFDTIMNYIDIGKKEGAKILTGGEKVGDKGYFIRPTVFYDVNEDMRIVKEEIFGPVVTVAKFKTLEEGVEMANSSEFGLGSGIETESLSTGLKVAKMLKAGTVWINTYNDFDSRVPFGGVKQSGYGREMGEEVYHAYTEVKAVRIKL"},{"created_at":"2011-05-24T20:29:06.000Z","updated_at":"2011-07-22T17:54:08.000Z","name":"Alcohol dehydrogenase 1","uniprot_id":"P00330","uniprot_name":"ADH1_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"ADH1","num_residues":348,"molecular_weight":"36849.0","theoretical_pi":"6.67","general_function":"Involved in zinc ion binding","specific_function":"This isozyme preferentially catalyzes the conversion of primary unbranched alcohols to their corresponding aldehydes. Also also shows activity toward secondary alcohols","reactions":[{"id":1291,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1294,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1296,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1303,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1305,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1308,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2314,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Mitochondrion matrix;Cytoplasm;Mitochondrion","altext":"An alcohol + NAD(+) = an aldehyde or ketone + NADH.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":"Cytoplasm","genbank_gene_id":"M38456","genbank_protein_id":"171025","gene_card_id":"ADH1","chromosome_location":"chromosome 15","locus":"YOL086C","synonyms":["Alcohol dehydrogenase I","YADH-1"],"enzyme_classes":["1.1.1.1"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" cation binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" metal ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" transition metal ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" oxidoreductase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" zinc ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" binding"},{"category":"Process","description":" oxidation reduction"},{"category":"Process","description":" metabolic process"}],"pfams":[{"name":"ADH_N","identifier":"PF08240"},{"name":"ADH_zinc_N","identifier":"PF00107"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis","kegg_map_id":"00010"},{"name":"Fatty acid metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00071"},{"name":"Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00260"},{"name":"Tyrosine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00350"}],"gene_sequence":"ATGTCTATCCCAGAAACTCAAAAAGGTGTTATCTTCTACGAATCCCACGGTAAATTGGAACACAAGGATATTCCAGTTCCAAAGCCAAAGGCCAACGAATTGTTGATCAACGTTAAGTACTCTGGTGTCTGTCACACCGACTTGCACGCTTGGCACGGTGACTGGCCATTGCCAGTTAAGCTACCATTAGTCGGTGGTCACGAAGGTGCCGGTGTCGTTGTCGGCATGGGTGAAAACGTTAAGGGCTGGAAGATCGGTGACTACGCCGGTATCAAATGGTTGAACGGTTCTTGTATGGCCTGTGAATACTGTGAATTGGGTAACGAATCCAACTGTCCTCACGCTGACTTGTCTGGTTACACCCACGACGGTTCTTTCCAACAATACGCTACCGCTGACGCTGTTCAAGCCGCTCACATTCCTCAAGGTACCGACTTGGCCCAAGTCGCCCCCATCTTGTGTGCTGGTATCACCGTCTACAAGGCTTTGAAGTCTGCTAACTTGATGGCCGGTCATTGGGTTGCCATTTCCGGTGCTGCCGGTGGTCTAGGTTCTTTGGCTGTTCAATACGCCAAGGCTATGGGTTACAGAGTCTTGGGTATTGACGGTGGTGAAGGTAAGGAAGAATTATTCAGATCCATCGGTGGTGAAGTCTTCATTGACTTCACTAAGGAAAAGGACATTGTCGGTGCTGTTCTAAAGGCCACTGACGGTGGTGCTCACGGTGTCATCAACGTTTCCGTTTCCGAAGCCGCTATTGAAGCTTCTACCAGATACGTTAGAGCTAACGGTACCACCGTTTTGGTCGGTATGCCAGCTGGTGCCAAGTGTTGTTCTGATGTCTTCAACCAAGTCGTCAAGTCCATCTCTATTGTTGGTTCTTACGTCGGTAACAGAGCCGACACCAGAGAAGCTTTGGACTTCTTCGCCAGAGGTTTGGTCAAGTCTCCAATCAAGGTTGTCGGCTTGTCTACCTTGCCAGAAATTTACGAAAAGATGGAAAAGGGTCAAATCGTTGGTAGATACGTTGTTGACACTTCTAAATAA","protein_sequence":"MSIPETQKGVIFYESHGKLEYKDIPVPKPKANELLINVKYSGVCHTDLHAWHGDWPLPVKLPLVGGHEGAGVVVGMGENVKGWKIGDYAGIKWLNGSCMACEYCELGNESNCPHADLSGYTHDGSFQQYATADAVQAAHIPQGTDLAQVAPILCAGITVYKALKSANLMAGHWVAISGAAGGLGSLAVQYAKAMGYRVLGIDGGEGKEELFRSIGGEVFIDFTKEKDIVGAVLKATDGGAHGVINVSVSEAAIEASTRYVRANGTTVLVGMPAGAKCCSDVFNQVVKSISIVGSYVGNRADTREALDFFARGLVKSPIKVVGLSTLPEIYEKMEKGQIVGRYVVDTSK"},{"created_at":"2011-05-24T20:29:39.000Z","updated_at":"2011-07-22T17:54:11.000Z","name":"Aldehyde dehydrogenase 5, mitochondrial","uniprot_id":"P40047","uniprot_name":"ALDH5_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"ALD5","num_residues":520,"molecular_weight":"56620.39844","theoretical_pi":"8.51","general_function":"Involved in oxidoreductase activity","specific_function":"Minor mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase isoform. Plays a role in regulation or biosynthesis of electron transport chain components. Involved in the biosynthesis of acetate during anaerobic growth on glucose","reactions":[{"id":1299,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1302,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1321,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2318,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Mitochondrion matrix;Cytoplasm","altext":"An aldehyde + NAD(+) + H(2)O = an acid + NADH.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2325,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Mitochondrion matrix","altext":"An aldehyde + NADP(+) + H(2)O = an acid + NADPH.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":"Mitochondrion matrix","genbank_gene_id":"U18814","genbank_protein_id":"603310","gene_card_id":"ALD5","chromosome_location":"chromosome 5","locus":"YER073W","synonyms":[],"enzyme_classes":["1.2.1.3","1.2.1.4"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" oxidoreductase activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" oxidation reduction"},{"category":"Process","description":" metabolic process"}],"pfams":[{"name":"Aldedh","identifier":"PF00171"}],"pathways":[],"gene_sequence":"ATGCTTTCTCGCACAAGAGCTGCAGCTCCGAATTCCAGAATATTCACTAGAAGCTTGTTACGTCTTTATTCTCAAGCACCATTACGCGTTCCAATTACTCTTCCAAATGGTTTCACCTACGAACAGCCAACAGGGTTATTCATCAATGGTGAATTTGTTGCCTCGAAGCAAAAGAAAACGTTTGACGTGATCAATCCATCTAACGAAGAAAAGATAACAACTGTATACAAGGCTATGGAAGATGATGTTGATGAAGCCGTTGCAGCGGCTAAAAAAGCTTTTGAAACGAAGTGGTCTATTGTAGAGCCGGAGGTTCGCGCTAAAGCTTTATTCAATCTCGCTGACTTGGTTGAGAAACACCAAGAAACACTGGCTGCCATTGAGTCAATGGATAATGGTAAGTCATTGTTTTGTGCGCGCGGTGACGTCGCTTTAGTATCTAAATACTTGCGTTCTTGCGGTGGTTGGGCAGATAAAATCTACGGTAACGTTATTGACACAGGTAAAAACCATTTTACCTACTCAATTAAGGAACCATTAGGCGTTTGCGGCCAAATAATCCCTTGGAACTTCCCTTTATTGATGTGGTCATGGAAAATTGGGCCTGCTCTGGCTACAGGTAACACCGTCGTATTGAAACCCGCTGAAACAACACCTTTATCTGCCCTTTTCGCTTCCCAGTTGTGTCAGGAAGCAGGCATACCCGCTGGTGTAGTCAATATCCTTCCGGGTTCCGGTAGAGTTGTTGGAGAAAGATTGAGTGCACACCCAGACGTGAAGAAGATTGCTTTTACAGGCTCTACTGCCACCGGCCGCCATATTATGAAGGTCGCTGCCGATACTGTCAAGAAAGTCACTTTGGAGCTGGGAGGTAAATCACCAAATATTGTGTTTGCTGACGCTGATCTAGATAAAGCCGTCAAGAACATTGCCTTCGGTATTTTTTACAACTCTGGTGAAGTTTGCTGCGCTGGTTCCAGAATATACATTCAAGATACAGTATACGAGGAGGTGTTGCAAAAACTAAAGGATTACACCGAGTCACTAAAGGTCGGTGACCCATTTGATGAGGAAGTTTTCCAAGGTGCTCAAACATCTGACAAACAGCTGCATAAAATTTTAGACTATGTCGATGTAGCAAAATCAGAGGGGGCTCGTCTTGTGACTGGAGGGGCCAGACATGGCAGTAAAGGTTATTTTGTCAAGCCAACAGTGTTTGCTGATGTCAAAGGAGATATGAGAATTGTTAAGGAGGAAGTGTTTGGTCCCATTGTAACTGTATCCAAGTTTTCTACTGTTGATGAAGTGATTGCTATGGCAAATGATTCTCAATATGGGTTAGCCGCAGGTATTCACACTAACGATATTAACAAGGCTGTTGATGTGTCCAAAAGAGTGAAAGCTGGTACTGTTTGGATAAATACCTATAACAACTTCCACCAAAATGTTCCTTTCGGTGGCTTCGGCCAGTCAGGTATTGGCCGTGAAATGGGTGAGGCTGCTTTAAGTAACTACACTCAAACAAAATCTGTCAGAATTGCCATTGACAAGCCAATTCGTTGA","protein_sequence":"MLSRTRAAAPNSRIFTRSLLRLYSQAPLRVPITLPNGFTYEQPTGLFINGEFVASKQKKTFDVINPSNEEKITTVYKAMEDDVDEAVAAAKKAFETKWSIVEPEVRAKALFNLADLVEKHQETLAAIESMDNGKSLFCARGDVALVSKYLRSCGGWADKIYGNVIDTGKNHFTYSIKEPLGVCGQIIPWNFPLLMWSWKIGPALATGNTVVLKPAETTPLSALFASQLCQEAGIPAGVVNILPGSGRVVGERLSAHPDVKKIAFTGSTATGRHIMKVAADTVKKVTLELGGKSPNIVFADADLDKAVKNIAFGIFYNSGEVCCAGSRIYIQDTVYEEVLQKLKDYTESLKVGDPFDEEVFQGAQTSDKQLHKILDYVDVAKSEGARLVTGGARHGSKGYFVKPTVFADVKGDMRIVKEEVFGPIVTVSKFSTVDEVIAMANDSQYGLAAGIHTNDINKAVDVSKRVKAGTVWINTYNNFHQNVPFGGFGQSGIGREMGEAALSNYTQTKSVRIAIDKPIR"},{"created_at":"2011-05-24T20:30:23.000Z","updated_at":"2011-07-22T17:54:08.000Z","name":"Alcohol dehydrogenase 4","uniprot_id":"P10127","uniprot_name":"ADH4_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"ADH4","num_residues":382,"molecular_weight":"41141.69922","theoretical_pi":"6.09","general_function":"Involved in oxidoreductase activity","specific_function":"Reduces acetaldehyde to ethanol during glucose fermentation. Specific for ethanol. Shows drastically reduced activity towards primary alcohols from 4 carbon atoms upward. Isomers of aliphatic alcohol, as well as secondary alcohols and glycerol are not used at all","reactions":[{"id":1291,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1294,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1296,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1303,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1305,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1308,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"mitochondrion;cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2314,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Mitochondrion matrix;Cytoplasm;Mitochondrion","altext":"An alcohol + NAD(+) = an aldehyde or ketone + NADH.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":"Mitochondrion","genbank_gene_id":"X05992","genbank_protein_id":"3337","gene_card_id":"ADH4","chromosome_location":"chromosome 7","locus":"YGL256W","synonyms":["Alcohol dehydrogenase IV","ADHIV"],"enzyme_classes":["1.1.1.1"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" cation binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" metal ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" oxidoreductase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" binding"},{"category":"Process","description":" oxidation reduction"},{"category":"Process","description":" metabolic process"}],"pfams":[{"name":"Fe-ADH","identifier":"PF00465"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis","kegg_map_id":"00010"},{"name":"Fatty acid metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00071"},{"name":"Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00260"},{"name":"Tyrosine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00350"}],"gene_sequence":"ATGTCTTCCGTTACTGGGTTTTACATTCCACCAATCTCTTTCTTTGGTGAAGGTGCTTTAGAAGAAACCGCTGATTACATCAAAAACAAGGATTACAAAAAGGCTTTGATCGTTACTGATCCTGGTATTGCAGCTATTGGTCTCTCCGGTAGAGTCCAAAAGATGTTGGAAGAACGTGGCTTAAACGTTGCTATCTATGACAAAACTCAACCAAACCCAAATATTGCCAATGTCACAGCTGGTTTGAAGGTTTTGAAGGAAGAAAACTCTGAAATTGTCGTTTCCATTGGTGGTGGTTCTGCTCACGACAATGCTAAGGCCATTGCTTTATTGGCTACTAACGGTGGGGAAATTGGAGATTATGAAGGTGTCAACCAATCTAAGAAGGCTGCTTTACCGCTATTTGCCATCAACACTACTGCTGGTACTGCTTCCGAGATGACCAGATTCACTATTATCTCTAATGAAGAAAAGAAAATCAAGATGGCCATCATTGACAACAACGTCACTCCAGCTGTTGCTGTCAACGACCCATCTACCATGTTTGGTTTGCCACCTGCTTTGACTGCTGCTACTGGTCTAGATGCTTTGACTCACTGTATCGAAGCTTACGTTTCCACCGCCTCTAACCCAATCACCGATGCTTGTGCTTTGAAGGGTATTGATTTGATCAATGAAAGCTTGGTCGCCGCATACAAAGACGGTAAAGACAAGAAGGCCAGAACTGATATGTGTTACGCAGAATACTTGGCAGGTATGGCTTTCAACAATGCTTCTCTAGGTTATGTTCATGCCCTTGCTCATCAACTTGGTGGTTTCTACCACTTGCCTCATGGTGTTTGTAACGCTGTCTTGTTGCCTCATGTTCAAGAGGCCAACATGCAATGTCCAAAGGCCAAGAAGAGATTAGGTGAAATTGCCTTGCATTGCGGTGCTTCTCAAGAAGATCCAGAAGAAACCATCAAGGCTTTGCACGTTTTAAACAGAACCATGAACATTCCAAGAAACTTGAAAGACTTAGGTGTTAAAACCGAAGATTTTGACATTTTGGCTGAACACGCCATGCATGATGCCTGCCATTTGACTAACCCAGTTCAATTCACCAAAGAACAAGTGGTTGCCATTATCAAGAAAGCCTATGAATATTAA","protein_sequence":"MSSVTGFYIPPISFFGEGALEETADYIKNKDYKKALIVTDPGIAAIGLSGRVQKMLEERDLNVAIYDKTQPNPNIANVTAGLKVLKEQNSEIVVSIGGGSAHDNAKAIALLATNGGEIGDYEGVNQSKKAALPLFAINTTAGTASEMTRFTIISNEEKKIKMAIIDNNVTPAVAVNDPSTMFGLPPALTAATGLDALTHCIEAYVSTASNPITDACALKGIDLINESLVAAYKDGKDKKARTDMCYAEYLAGMAFNNASLGYVHALAHQLGGFYHLPHGVCNAVLLPHVQEANMQCPKAKKRLGEIALHFGASQEDPEETIKALHVLNRTMNIPRNLKELGVKTEDFEILAEHAMHDACHLTNPVQFTKEQVVAIIKKAYEY"},{"created_at":"2011-05-24T20:31:18.000Z","updated_at":"2011-07-22T17:53:52.000Z","name":"Pyruvate decarboxylase isozyme 1","uniprot_id":"P06169","uniprot_name":"PDC1_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"PDC1","num_residues":563,"molecular_weight":"61494.89844","theoretical_pi":"6.11","general_function":"Involved in magnesium ion binding","specific_function":"Major of three pyruvate decarboxylases (PDC1, PDC5, PDC6) implicated in the nonoxidative conversion of pyruvate to acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide during alcoholic fermentation. Most of the produced acetaldehyde is subsequently reduced to ethanol, but some is required for cytosolic acetyl-CoA production for biosynthetic pathways. The enzyme is also one of five 2-oxo acid decarboxylases (PDC1, PDC5, PDC6, ARO10, and THI3) able to decarboxylate more complex 2-oxo acids (alpha-ketoacids) than pyruvate, which seem mainly involved in amino acid catabolism. Here the enzyme catalyzes the decarboxylation of amino acids, which, in a first step, have been transaminated to the corresponding 2-oxo acids. In a third step, the resulting aldehydes are reduced to alcohols, collectively referred to as fusel oils or alcohols. Its preferred substrates are the transaminated amino acids valine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan, whereas leucine is no substrate. In a side-reaction the carbanionic intermediate (or active aldehyde) generated by decarboxylation or by activation of an aldehyde can react with an aldehyde via condensation (or carboligation) yielding a 2-hydroxy ketone, collectively called acyloins","reactions":[{"id":1184,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1186,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1228,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1658,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1841,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1933,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1934,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2319,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. 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Nucleus","genbank_gene_id":"X77316","genbank_protein_id":"871533","gene_card_id":"PDC1","chromosome_location":"chromosome 12","locus":"YLR044C","synonyms":[],"enzyme_classes":["4.1.1.-","4.1.1.1"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" lyase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" carbon-carbon lyase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" carboxy-lyase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" cation binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" metal ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" vitamin binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" magnesium ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" thiamin pyrophosphate binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" Not Available"}],"pfams":[{"name":"TPP_enzyme_C","identifier":"PF02775"},{"name":"TPP_enzyme_M","identifier":"PF00205"},{"name":"TPP_enzyme_N","identifier":"PF02776"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis","kegg_map_id":"00010"},{"name":"Ethanol fermentation","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"Isoleucine degradation","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"Phenylalanine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00360"},{"name":"Pyruvate metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00620"},{"name":"Tryptophan metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00380"},{"name":"Tyrosine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00350"},{"name":"Valine Degradation","kegg_map_id":null}],"gene_sequence":"ATGTCTGAAATTACTTTGGGTAAATATTTGTTCGAAAGATTAAAGCAAGTCAACGTTAACACCGTTTTCGGTTTGCCAGGTGACTTCAACTTGTCCTTGTTGGACAAGATCTACGAAGTTGAAGGTATGAGATGGGCTGGTAACGCCAACGAATTGAACGCTCGTTACGCCGCTGATGGTTACGCTCGTATCAAGGGTATGTCTTGTATCATCACCACCTTCGGTGTCGGTGAATTGTCTGCTTTGAACGGTATTGCCGGTTCTTACGCTGAACACGTCGGTGTTTTGCACGTTGTTGGTGTCCCATCCATCTCTTCTCAAGCTAAGCAATTGTTGTTGCACCACACCTTGGGTAACGGTGACTTCACTGTTTTCCACAGAATGTCTGCCAACATTTCTGAAACCACTGCTATGATCACTGACATCTGTACCGCCCCAGCTGAAATTGACAGATGTATCAGAACCACTTACGTCACCCAAAGACCAGTCTACTTAGGTTTGCCAGCTAACTTGGTCGACTTGAACGTCCCAGCTAAGTTGTTGCAAACTCCAATTGACATGTCTTTGAAGCCAAACGATGCTGAATCCGAAAAGGAAGTCATTGACACCATCTTGGTCTTGGCTAAGGATGCTAAGAACCCAGTTATCTTGGCTGATGCTTGTTGTTCCAGACACGACGTCAAGGCTGAAACTAAGAAGTTGATTGACTTGACTCAATTCCCAGCTTTCGTCACCCCAATGGGTAAGGGTTCCATTAGCGAACAACACCCAAGATACGGTGGTGTTTACGTCGGTACCTTGTCCAAGCCAGAAGTTAAGGAAGCCGTTGAATCTGCTGACTTGATTTTGTCTGTCGGTGCTTTGTTGTCTGATTTCAACACCGGTTCTTTCTCTTACTCTTACAAGACCAAGAACATTGTCGAATTCCACTCCGACCACATGAAGATCAGAAACGCCACTTTCCCAGGTGTCCAAATGAAATTCGTTTTGCAAAAGTTGTTGACCAATATTGCTGACGCCGCTAAGGGTTACAAGCCAGTTGCTGTCCCAGCTAGAACTCCAGCTAACGCTGCTGTCCCAGCTTCTACCCCATTGAAGCAAGAATGGATGTGGAACCAATTGGGTAACTTCTTGCAAGAAGGTGATGTTGTCATTGCTGAAACCGGTACCTCCGCTTTCGGTATCAACCAAACCACTTTCCCAAACAACACCTACGGTATCTCTCAAGTCTTATGGGGTTCCATTGGTTTCACCACTGGTGCTACCTTGGGTGCTGCTTTCGCTGCTGAAGAAATTGATCCAAAGAAGAGAGTTATCTTATTCATTGGTGACGGTTCTTTGCAATTGACTGTTCAAGAAATCTCCACCATGATCAGATGGGGCTTGAAGCCATACTTGTTCGTCTTGAACAACGATGGTTACACCATTGAAAAGTTGATTCACGGTCCAAAGGCTCAATACAACGAAATTCAAGGTTGGGACCACCTATCCTTGTTGCCAACTTTCGGTGCTAAGGACTACGAAACCCACAGAGTCGCTACCACCGGTGAATGGGACAAGTTGACCCAAGACAAGTCTTTCAACGACAACTCTAAGATCAGAATGATTGAGGTTATGTTGCCAGTCTTCGATGCTCCACAAAACTTGGTTGAACAAGCTAAGTTGACTGCTGCTACCAACGCTAAGCAATAA","protein_sequence":"MSEITLGKYLFERLKQVNVNTVFGLPGDFNLSLLDKIYEVEGMRWAGNANELNAAYAADGYARIKGMSCIITTFGVGELSALNGIAGSYAEHVGVLHVVGVPSISAQAKQLLLHHTLGNGDFTVFHRMSANISETTAMITDIATAPAEIDRCIRTTYVTQRPVYLGLPANLVDLNVPAKLLQTPIDMSLKPNDAESEKEVIDTILALVKDAKNPVILADACCSRHDVKAETKKLIDLTQFPAFVTPMGKGSIDEQHPRYGGVYVGTLSKPEVKEAVESADLILSVGALLSDFNTGSFSYSYKTKNIVEFHSDHMKIRNATFPGVQMKFVLQKLLTTIADAAKGYKPVAVPARTPANAAVPASTPLKQEWMWNQLGNFLQEGDVVIAETGTSAFGINQTTFPNNTYGISQVLWGSIGFTTGATLGAAFAAEEIDPKKRVILFIGDGSLQLTVQEISTMIRWGLKPYLFVLNNDGYTIEKLIHGPKAQYNEIQGWDHLSLLPTFGAKDYETHRVATTGEWDKLTQDKSFNDNSKIRMIEIMLPVFDAPQNLVEQAKLTAATNAKQ"},{"created_at":"2011-05-24T20:32:03.000Z","updated_at":"2011-07-22T17:54:08.000Z","name":"Alcohol 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13","locus":"YMR318C","synonyms":["NADP-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase VI","ScADHVI"],"enzyme_classes":["1.1.1.2"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" cation binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" metal ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" transition metal ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" oxidoreductase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" zinc ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" binding"},{"category":"Process","description":" oxidation reduction"},{"category":"Process","description":" metabolic process"}],"pfams":[{"name":"ADH_N","identifier":"PF08240"},{"name":"ADH_zinc_N","identifier":"PF00107"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis","kegg_map_id":"00010"},{"name":"Glycerolipid metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00561"},{"name":"Ethanol fermentation","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"Glycerol metabolism","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"Isoleucine degradation","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"Leucine Degradation","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"Phenylalanine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00360"},{"name":"Pyruvate metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00620"},{"name":"Tryptophan metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00380"},{"name":"Tyrosine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00350"},{"name":"Valine Degradation","kegg_map_id":null}],"gene_sequence":"ATGTCTTATCCTGAGAAATTTGAAGGTATCGCTATTCAATCACACGAAGATTGGAAAAACCCAAAGAAGACAAAGTATGACCCAAAACCATTTTACGATCATGACATTGACATTAAGATCGAAGCATGTGGTGTCTGCGGTAGTGATATTCATTGTGCAGCTGGTCATTGGGGCAATATGAAGATGCCGCTAGTCGTTGGTCATGAAATCGTTGGTAAAGTTGTCAAGCTAGGGCCCAAGTCAAACAGTGGGTTGAAAGTCGGTCAACGTGTTGGTGTAGGTGCTCAAGTCTTTTCATGCTTGGAATGTGACCGTTGTAAGAATGATAATGAACCATACTGCACCAAGTTTGTTACCACATACAGTCAGCCTTATGAAGACGGCTATGTGTCGCAGGGTGGCTATGCAAACTACGTCAGAGTTCATGAACATTTTGTGGTGCCTATCCCAGAGAATATTCCATCACATTTGGCTGCTCCACTATTATGTGGTGGTTTGACTGTGTACTCTCCATTGGTTCGTAACGGTTGCGGTCCAGGTAAAAAAGTTGGTATAGTTGGTCTTGGTGGTATCGGCAGTATGGGTACATTGATTTCCAAAGCCATGGGGGCAGAGACGTATGTTATTTCTCGTTCTTCGAGAAAAAGAGAAGATGCAATGAAGATGGGCGCCGATCACTACATTGCTACATTAGAAGAAGGTGATTGGGGTGAAAAGTACTTTGACACCTTCGACCTGATTGTAGTCTGTGCTTCCTCCCTTACCGACATTGACTTCAACATTATGCCAAAGGCTATGAAGGTTGGTGGTAGAATTGTCTCAATCTCTATACCAGAACAACACGAAATGTTATCGCTAAAGCCATATGGCTTAAAGGCTGTCTCCATTTCTTACAGTGCTTTAGGTTCCATCAAAGAATTGAACCAACTCTTGAAATTAGTCTCTGAAAAAGATATCAAAATTTGGGTGGAAACATTACCTGTTGGTGAAGCCGGCGTCCATGAAGCCTTCGAAAGGATGGAAAAGGGTGACGTTAGATATAGATTTACCTTAGTCGGCTACGACAAAGAATTTTCAGACTAG","protein_sequence":"MSYPEKFEGIAIQSHEDWKNPKKTKYDPKPFYDHDIDIKIEACGVCGSDIHCAAGHWGNMKMPLVVGHEIVGKVVKLGPKSNSGLKVGQRVGVGAQVFSCLECDRCKNDNEPYCTKFVTTYSQPYEDGYVSQGGYANYVRVHEHFVVPIPENIPSHLAAPLLCGGLTVYSPLVRNGCGPGKKVGIVGLGGIGSMGTLISKAMGAETYVISRSSRKREDAMKMGADHYIATLEEGDWGEKYFDTFDLIVVCASSLTDIDFNIMPKAMKVGGRIVSISIPEQHEMLSLKPYGLKAVSISYSALGSIKELNQLLKLVSEKDIKIWVETLPVGEAGVHEAFERMEKGDVRYRFTLVGYDKEFSD"}]}