{"ymdb_id":"YMDB00018","created_at":"2011-05-29T15:48:56.000Z","updated_at":"2016-09-08T18:34:54.000Z","name":"Dihydroxyacetone","cas":"96-26-4","state":"Solid","melting_point":"90 oC","description":"Dihydroxyacetone is the simplest of all ketoses and, having no chiral centre, is the only one that has no optical activity. It is often derived from plant sources such as sugar beets and sugar cane by the fermentation of glycerin.","experimental_water_solubility":null,"experimental_logp_hydrophobicity":null,"location":"cytoplasm","synthesis_reference":"Hochuli, Erich; Taylor, Keith E.; Dutler, Hans. Dihydroxyacetone reductase from Mucor javanicus. 2. Identification of the physiological substrate and reactivity towards related compounds. European Journal of Biochemistry (1977), 75(2), 433-9.","chebi_id":"16016","hmdb_id":"HMDB01882","kegg_id":"C00184","pubchem_id":"670","cs_id":"650","foodb_id":null,"wikipedia_link":"Dihydroxyacetone","biocyc_id":"1-ACYL-GLYCERONE-3-PHOSPHATE","iupac":"1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-one","traditional_iupac":"dihydroxyacetone","logp":"-1.5282162836666666","pka":"14.20569157000131","alogps_solubility":"8.38e+02 g/l","alogps_logp":"-1.65","alogps_logs":"0.97","acceptor_count":"3","donor_count":"2","rotatable_bond_count":"2","polar_surface_area":"57.53","refractivity":"19.599199999999996","polarizability":"8.104016589966427","formal_charge":"0","physiological_charge":"0","pka_strongest_basic":"-3.3219094004199308","pka_strongest_acidic":"13.491443966912374","bioavailability":"1","number_of_rings":"0","rule_of_five":"1","ghose_filter":"0","veber_rule":"0","mddr_like_rule":"0","synonyms":["1,3 Dihydroxy 2 propanone","1,3-Dihydroxy-2-propanone","1,3-Dihydroxyacetone","1,3-Dihydroxydimethyl ketone","1,3-Dihydroxypropan-2-one","1,3-Dihydroxypropanone","1,3-Propanediol-2-one","a,a'-Dihydroxyacetone","a,Alpha'-dihydroxyacetone","Aliphatic ketone","alpha,Alpha'-dihydroxyacetone","Bis(hydroxymethyl) ketone","Chromelin","DHA","dihydroxy-acetone","Dihydroxyacetone","Dihyxal","glycerone","ICN brand OF dihydroxyacetone","Ketochromin","Otan","Oxantin","Oxatone","Protosol","Soleal","Summers brand OF dihydroxyacetone","Triulose","Vitadye","Viticolor","α,alpha'-dihydroxyacetone"],"pathways":[{"name":"Glycerolipid metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00561"},{"name":"Methane metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00680"},{"name":"Glycerol metabolism","kegg_map_id":null}],"growth_conditions":[],"references":[{"pubmed_id":21051339,"citation":"UniProt Consortium (2011). \"Ongoing and future developments at the Universal Protein Resource.\" Nucleic Acids Res 39:D214-D219."},{"pubmed_id":21062828,"citation":"Scheer, M., Grote, A., Chang, A., Schomburg, I., Munaretto, C., Rother, M., Sohngen, C., Stelzer, M., Thiele, J., Schomburg, D. (2011). \"BRENDA, the enzyme information system in 2011.\" Nucleic Acids Res 39:D670-D676."},{"pubmed_id":18846089,"citation":"Herrgard, M. J., Swainston, N., Dobson, P., Dunn, W. B., Arga, K. Y., Arvas, M., Bluthgen, N., Borger, S., Costenoble, R., Heinemann, M., Hucka, M., Le Novere, N., Li, P., Liebermeister, W., Mo, M. L., Oliveira, A. P., Petranovic, D., Pettifer, S., Simeonidis, E., Smallbone, K., Spasic, I., Weichart, D., Brent, R., Broomhead, D. S., Westerhoff, H. V., Kirdar, B., Penttila, M., Klipp, E., Palsson, B. O., Sauer, U., Oliver, S. G., Mendes, P., Nielsen, J., Kell, D. B. (2008). \"A consensus yeast metabolic network reconstruction obtained from a community approach to systems biology.\" Nat Biotechnol 26:1155-1160."},{"pubmed_id":12401799,"citation":"Molin, M., Norbeck, J., Blomberg, A. (2003). \"Dihydroxyacetone kinases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are involved in detoxification of dihydroxyacetone.\" J Biol Chem 278:1415-1423."},{"pubmed_id":11113971,"citation":"Costenoble, R., Valadi, H., Gustafsson, L., Niklasson, C., Franzen, C. J. (2000). \"Microaerobic glycerol formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.\" Yeast 16:1483-1495."}],"proteins":[{"created_at":"2011-05-24T20:16:09.000Z","updated_at":"2011-07-22T17:54:38.000Z","name":"Dihydroxyacetone kinase 2","uniprot_id":"P43550","uniprot_name":"DAK2_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"DAK2","num_residues":591,"molecular_weight":"62134.0","theoretical_pi":"5.67","general_function":"Involved in glycerone kinase activity","specific_function":"ATP + glycerone = ADP + glycerone phosphate","reactions":[{"id":1465,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2308,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"","altext":"ATP + glycerone = ADP + glycerone phosphate.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":3899,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006416","source":"Smpdb"}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":null,"genbank_gene_id":"D50617","genbank_protein_id":"836702","gene_card_id":"DAK2","chromosome_location":"chromosome 6","locus":"YFL053W","synonyms":["DHA kinase 2","Glycerone kinase 2"],"enzyme_classes":["2.7.1.29"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" adenyl ribonucleotide binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" ATP binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" kinase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" glycerone kinase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups"},{"category":"Function","description":" binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" nucleoside binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" purine nucleoside binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" adenyl nucleotide binding"},{"category":"Process","description":" small molecule metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" alcohol metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" polyol metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" alditol metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" glycerol metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" metabolic process"}],"pfams":[{"name":"Dak1","identifier":"PF02733"},{"name":"Dak2","identifier":"PF02734"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Glycerolipid metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00561"},{"name":"Methane metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00680"},{"name":"Glycerol metabolism","kegg_map_id":null}],"gene_sequence":"ATGTCTCACAAACAATTCAAATCAGATGGAAACATCGTTACTCCCTACCTACTTGGCCTTGCTCGAAGCAATCCCGGCCTTACAGTGATTAAGCACGACAGAGTGGTTTTCCGGACTGCGTCAGCTCCTAATTCAGGGAACCCTCCTAAAGTTTCATTGGTTTCTGGAGGTGGCAGTGGTCATGAGCCAACGCATGCCGGTTTTGTTGGTGAAGGTGCCTTAGATGCGATTGCAGCAGGTGCCATTTTTGCTTCTCCTTCAACTAAACAGATCTATTCTGCTATTAAAGCTGTTGAATCTCCTAAGGGTACCTTGATCATTGTAAAAAATTACACCGGTGATATTATACATTTTGGTCTCGCTGCTGAAAGAGCTAAAGCTGCTGGAATGAAAGTCGAACTGGTTGCTGTAGGAGATGATGTCTCTGTCGGTAAGAAGAAAGGTTCTTTAGTCGGGCGTCGAGGTCTCGGAGCCACCGTATTGGTGCATAAAATTGCTGGGGCAGCCGCTTCTCATGGACTGGAGTTGGCAGAAGTTGCCGAAGTTGCTCAGTCAGTAGTTGACAATAGTGTCACAATTGCGGCATCTCTTGATCACTGCACGGTTCCTGGCCACAAACCTGAAGCCATTTTGGGCGAGAATGAGTATGAAATCGGTATGGGTATTCATAACGAGTCTGGTACCTATAAGTCTTCTCCGCTGCCATCGATTTCTGAGCTCGTTTCCCAGATGCTTCCTCTTCTTCTCGATGAGGATGAAGACCGTTCTTATGTGAAGTTTGAGCCCAAAGAGGACGTAGTTCTTATGGTTAACAACATGGGTGGTATGTCTAATCTAGAATTGGGTTATGCTGCAGAGGTCATTTCTGAACAATTGATTGATAAGTATCAAATTGTGCCCAAGAGAACGATTACTGGAGCATTCATTACTGCATTGAATGGTCCTGGGTTTGGTATCACTCTTATGAACGCTTCAAAAGCTGGTGGCGATATCCTTAAGTATTTCGATTATCCTACCACAGCGAGTGGATGGAATCAAATGTACCATTCTGCCAAAGATTGGGAGGTACTTGCCAAAGGGCAGGTTCCCACCGCCCCCTCTTTAAAGACATTGAGGAATGAAAAAGGTTCGGGTGTGAAAGCTGATTATGACACTTTTGCTAAAATTTTGCTTGCTGGGATTGCAAAAATTAACGAGGTTGAACCAAAGGTTACTTGGTACGATACCATTGCAGGAGATGGTGATTGCGGAACTACTCTTGTGTCCGGTGGTGAAGCATTGGAAGAAGCTATTAAAAACCATACGTTGCGCCTCGAGGATGCTGCTCTTGGTATCGAAGATATTGCGTATATGGTTGAGGATTCTATGGGTGGTACGTCCGGTGGTCTGTACTCTATCTATCTTTCTGCTCTCGCACAAGGAGTTAGGGATTCTGGGGACAAGGAACTTACTGCGGAAACTTTCAAAAAGGCATCAAACGTTGCACTAGATGCTTTGTATAAGTATACGAGAGCCCGTCCTGGTTACAGGACTCTGATCGATGCTCTGCAACCTTTTGTCGAAGCGCTGAAAGCCGGGAAGGGTCCCAGAGCCGCCGCCCAAGCTGCTTATGATGGTGCCGAAAAGACAAGGAAGATGGATGCCCTTGTTGGGCGTGCTTCTTACGTGGCTAAGGAGGAGCTGAGAAAACTCGACAGCGAAGGTGGATTACCAGATCCAGGAGCAGTTGGTCTTGCTGCACTACTCGATGGATTTGTTACAGCTGCTGGGTACTAG","protein_sequence":"MSHKQFKSDGNIVTPYLLGLARSNPGLTVIKHDRVVFRTASAPNSGNPPKVSLVSGGGSGHEPTHAGFVGEGALDAIAAGAIFASPSTKQIYSAIKAVESPKGTLIIVKNYTGDIIHFGLAAERAKAAGMKVELVAVGDDVSVGKKKGSLVGRRGLGATVLVHKIAGAAASHGLELAEVAEVAQSVVDNSVTIAASLDHCTVPGHKPEAILGENEYEIGMGIHNESGTYKSSPLPSISELVSQMLPLLLDEDEDRSYVKFEPKEDVVLMVNNMGGMSNLELGYAAEVISEQLIDKYQIVPKRTITGAFITALNGPGFGITLMNASKAGGDILKYFDYPTTASGWNQMYHSAKDWEVLAKGQVPTAPSLKTLRNEKGSGVKADYDTFAKILLAGIAKINEVEPKVTWYDTIAGDGDCGTTLVSGGEALEEAIKNHTLRLEDAALGIEDIAYMVEDSMGGTSGGLYSIYLSALAQGVRDSGDKELTAETFKKASNVALDALYKYTRARPGYRTLIDALQPFVEALKAGKGPRAAAQAAYDGAEKTRKMDALVGRASYVAKEELRKLDSEGGLPDPGAVGLAALLDGFVTAAGY"},{"created_at":"2011-05-24T20:16:42.000Z","updated_at":"2011-07-22T17:54:38.000Z","name":"Dihydroxyacetone kinase 1","uniprot_id":"P54838","uniprot_name":"DAK1_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"DAK1","num_residues":584,"molecular_weight":"62206.10156","theoretical_pi":"5.05","general_function":"Involved in glycerone kinase activity","specific_function":"ATP + glycerone = ADP + glycerone phosphate","reactions":[{"id":1465,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2308,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"","altext":"ATP + glycerone = ADP + glycerone phosphate.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":null,"genbank_gene_id":"Z38114","genbank_protein_id":"558404","gene_card_id":"DAK1","chromosome_location":"chromosome 13","locus":"YML070W","synonyms":["DHA kinase 1","Glycerone kinase 1"],"enzyme_classes":["2.7.1.29"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" adenyl ribonucleotide binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" ATP binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" kinase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" glycerone kinase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups"},{"category":"Function","description":" binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" nucleoside binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" purine nucleoside binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" adenyl nucleotide binding"},{"category":"Process","description":" small molecule metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" alcohol metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" polyol metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" alditol metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" glycerol metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" metabolic process"}],"pfams":[{"name":"Dak1","identifier":"PF02733"},{"name":"Dak2","identifier":"PF02734"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Glycerolipid metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00561"},{"name":"Methane metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00680"}],"gene_sequence":"ATGTCCGCTAAATCGTTTGAAGTCACAGATCCAGTCAATTCAAGTCTCAAAGGGTTTGCCCTTGCTAACCCCTCCATTACGCTGGTCCCTGAAGAAAAAATTCTCTTCAGAAAGACCGATTCCGACAAGATCGCATTAATTTCTGGTGGTGGTAGTGGACATGAACCTACACACGCCGGTTTCATTGGTAAGGGTATGTTGAGTGGCGCCGTGGTTGGCGAAATTTTTGCATCCCCTTCAACAAAACAGATTTTAAATGCAATCCGTTTAGTCAATGAAAATGCGTCTGGCGTTTTATTGATTGTGAAGAACTACACAGGTGATGTTTTGCATTTTGGTCTGTCCGCTGAGAGAGCAAGAGCCTTGGGTATTAACTGCCGCGTTGCTGTCATAGGTGATGATGTTGCAGTTGGCAGAGAAAAGGGTGGTATGGTTGGTAGAAGAGCATTGGCAGGTACCGTTTTGGTTCATAAGATTGTAGGTGCCTTCGCAGAAGAATATTCTAGTAAGTATGGCTTAGACGGTACAGCTAAAGTGGCTAAAATTATCAACGACAATTTGGTGACCATTGGATCTTCTTTAGACCATTGTAAAGTTCCTGGCAGGAAATTCGAAAGTGAATTAAACGAAAAACAAATGGAATTGGGTATGGGTATTCATAACGAACCTGGTGTGAAAGTTTTAGACCCTATTCCTTCTACCGAAGACTTGATCTCCAAGTATATGCTACCAAAACTATTGGATCCAAACGATAAGGATAGAGCTTTTGTAAAGTTTGATGAAGATGATGAAGTTGTCTTGTTAGTTAACAATCTCGGCGGTGTTTCTAATTTTGTTATTAGTTCTATCACTTCCAAAACTACGGATTTCTTAAAGGAAAATTACAACATAACCCCGGTTCAAACAATTGCTGGCACATTGATGACCTCCTTCAATGGTAATGGGTTCAGTATCACATTACTAAACGCCACTAAGGCTACAAAGGCTTTGCAATCTGATTTTGAGGAGATCAAATCAGTACTAGACTTGTTGAACGCATTTACGAACGCACCGGGCTGGCCAATTGCAGATTTTGAAAAGACTTCTGCCCCATCTGTTAACGATGACTTGTTACATAATGAAGTAACAGCAAAGGCCGTCGGTACCTATGACTTTGACAAGTTTGCTGAGTGGATGAAGAGTGGTGCTGAACAAGTTATCAAGAGCGAACCGCACATTACGGAACTAGACAATCAAGTTGGTGATGGTGATTGTGGTTACACTTTAGTGGCAGGAGTTAAAGGCATCACCGAAAACCTTGACAAGCTGTCGAAGGACTCATTATCTCAGGCGGTTGCCCAAATTTCAGATTTCATTGAAGGCTCAATGGGAGGTACTTCTGGTGGTTTATATTCTATTCTTTTGTCGGGTTTTTCACACGGATTAATTCAGGTTTGTAAATCAAAGGATGAACCCGTCACTAAGGAAATTGTGGCTAAGTCACTCGGAATTGCATTGGATACTTTATACAAATATACAAAGGCAAGGAAGGGATCATCCACCATGATTGATGCTTTAGAACCATTCGTTAAAGAATTTACTGCATCTAAGGATTTCAATAAGGCGGTAAAAGCTGCAGAGGAAGGTGCTAAATCCACTGCTACATTCGAGGCCAAATTTGGCAGAGCTTCGTATGTCGGCGATTCATCTCAAGTAGAAGATCCTGGTGCAGTAGGCCTATGTGAGTTTTTGAAGGGGGTTCAAAGCGCCTTGTAA","protein_sequence":"MSAKSFEVTDPVNSSLKGFALANPSITLVPEEKILFRKTDSDKIALISGGGSGHEPTHAGFIGKGMLSGAVVGEIFASPSTKQILNAIRLVNENASGVLLIVKNYTGDVLHFGLSAERARALGINCRVAVIGDDVAVGREKGGMVGRRALAGTVLVHKIVGAFAEEYSSKYGLDGTAKVAKIINDNLVTIGSSLDHCKVPGRKFESELNEKQMELGMGIHNEPGVKVLDPIPSTEDLISKYMLPKLLDPNDKDRAFVKFDEDDEVVLLVNNLGGVSNFVISSITSKTTDFLKENYNITPVQTIAGTLMTSFNGNGFSITLLNATKATKALQSDFEEIKSVLDLLNAFTNAPGWPIADFEKTSAPSVNDDLLHNEVTAKAVGTYDFDKFAEWMKSGAEQVIKSEPHITELDNQVGDGDCGYTLVAGVKGITENLDKLSKDSLSQAVAQISDFIEGSMGGTSGGLYSILLSGFSHGLIQVCKSKDEPVTKEIVAKSLGIALDTLYKYTKARKGSSTMIDALEPFVKEFTASKDFNKAVKAAEEGAKSTATFEAKFGRASYVGDSSQVEDPGAVGLCEFLKGVQSAL"},{"created_at":"2011-05-24T20:17:06.000Z","updated_at":"2011-05-27T14:56:00.000Z","name":"Protein GCY","uniprot_id":"P14065","uniprot_name":"GCY_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"GCY1","num_residues":312,"molecular_weight":"35078.89844","theoretical_pi":"8.22","general_function":"Involved in oxidoreductase activity","specific_function":"Unknown function which seems to be not essential","reactions":[{"id":1587,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":3898,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006415","source":"Smpdb"}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":"Cytoplasm","genbank_gene_id":"X13228","genbank_protein_id":"3738","gene_card_id":"GCY1","chromosome_location":"chromosome 15","locus":"YOR120W","synonyms":[],"enzyme_classes":["1.1.1.-"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" oxidoreductase activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" oxidation reduction"}],"pfams":[{"name":"Aldo_ket_red","identifier":"PF00248"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Glycerol metabolism","kegg_map_id":null}],"gene_sequence":"ATGCCTGCTACTTTACATGATTCTACGAAAATCCTTTCTCTAAATACTGGAGCCCAAATCCCTCAAATAGGTTTAGGTACGTGGCAGTCGAAAGAGAACGATGCTTATAAGGCTGTTTTAACCGCTTTGAAAGATGGCTACCGACACATTGATACTGCTGCTATTTACCGTAATGAAGACCAAGTCGGTCAAGCCATCAAGGATTCAGGTGTTCCTCGGGAAGAAATCTTTGTTACTACAAAGTTATGGTGTACACAACACCACGAACCTGAAGTAGCGCTGGATCAATCACTAAAGAGGTTAGGATTGGACTACGTAGACTTATATTTGATGCATTGGCCTGCCAGATTAGATCCAGCCTACATCAAAAATGAAGACATCTTGAGTGTGCCAACAAAGAAGGATGGTTCTCGTGCAGTGGATATCACCAATTGGAATTTCATCAAAACCTGGGAATTAATGCAGGAACTACCAAAGACTGGTAAAACTAAGGCCGTTGGAGTCTCCAACTTTTCTATAAATAACCTGAAAGATCTATTAGCATCTCAAGGTAATAAGCTTACGCCAGCTGCTAACCAAGTCGAAATACATCCATTACTACCTCAAGACGAATTGATTAATTTTTGTAAAAGTAAAGGCATTGTGGTTGAAGCTTATTCTCCGTTAGGTAGTACCGATGCTCCACTATTGAAGGAACCGGTTATCCTTGAAATTGCGAAGAAAAATAACGTTCAACCCGGACACGTTGTTATTAGCTGGCACGTCCAAAGAGGTTATGTTGTCTTGCCAAAATCTGTGAATCCCGATCGAATCAAAACGAACAGGAAAATATTTACTTTGTCTACTGAGGACTTTGAAGCTATCAATAACATATCGAAGGAAAAGGGCGAAAAAAGGGTTGTACATCCAAATTGGTCTCCTTTCGAAGTATTCAAGTAA","protein_sequence":"MPATLHDSTKILSLNTGAQIPQIGLGTWQSKENDAYKAVLTALKDGYRHIDTAAIYRNEDQVGQAIKDSGVPREEIFVTTKLWCTQHHEPEVALDQSLKRLGLDYVDLYLMHWPARLDPAYIKNEDILSVPTKKDGSRAVDITNWNFIKTWELMQELPKTGKTKAVGVSNFSINNLKDLLASQGNKLTPAANQVEIHPLLPQDELINFCKSKGIVVEAYSPLGSTDAPLLKEPVILEIAKKNNVQPGHVVISWHVQRGYVVLPKSVNPDRIKTNRKIFTLSTEDFEAINNISKEKGEKRVVHPNWSPFEVFK"}]}