{"ymdb_id":"YMDB01525","created_at":"2011-07-29T00:46:56.000Z","updated_at":"2016-10-18T17:12:04.000Z","name":"Cyanocobalamin","cas":"68-19-9","state":"Solid","melting_point":"\u003e300 oC","description":"Cyanocobalamin is an especially common vitamer of the vitamin B12 family. B12's structure is based on a corrin ring, which, although similar to the porphyrin ring found in heme, chlorophyll, and cytochrome, has two of the pyrrole rings directly bonded. The central metal ion is Co (cobalt). B12 cannot be made by plants or by animals, as the only type of organisms that have the enzymes required for the synthesis of B12 are bacteria and archaea. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. Vitamin B12 is naturally found in foods including meat (especially liver and shellfish), eggs, and milk products.","experimental_water_solubility":"12.5 mg/mL [MERCK INDEX (1996)]","experimental_logp_hydrophobicity":null,"location":null,"synthesis_reference":"Gardner, N.; Champagne, C. P. Production of Propionibacterium shermanii biomass and vitamin B12 on spent media. Journal of Applied Microbiology (2005), 99(5), 1236-1245.","chebi_id":"28911","hmdb_id":"HMDB00607","kegg_id":"C05776","pubchem_id":"5462245","cs_id":null,"foodb_id":null,"wikipedia_link":null,"biocyc_id":"CPD-315","iupac":null,"traditional_iupac":null,"logp":null,"pka":null,"alogps_solubility":"4.24e-02 g/l","alogps_logp":"0.85","alogps_logs":"-4.52","acceptor_count":"0","donor_count":"0","rotatable_bond_count":"16","polar_surface_area":"503.03000000000003","refractivity":"355.10560000000004","polarizability":"136.24614762237243","formal_charge":"0","physiological_charge":"0","pka_strongest_basic":null,"pka_strongest_acidic":null,"bioavailability":"0","number_of_rings":"12","rule_of_five":"0","ghose_filter":"0","veber_rule":"0","mddr_like_rule":"1","synonyms":["alpha-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazolyl)cobamide","Anacobin","Berubigen","Betaline-12","Betolvex","Bevidox","Bevidox concentrate","Biocobalamine","Byladoce","Cabadon m","Cbl","Cob(III)alamin","Cobadoce forte","Cobalamin (III)","cobalamin(1+)","cobalamin(III)","Cobalin","Cobavite","Covit","Crystamin","Crystamine","Crystimin","Crystwel","Cyano-B12","Cyanobalamin concentrate","Cyanocob(III)alamin","Cyanocobalamine","Cycobemin","Cycolamin","Cykobemin","Cykobeminet","Cyredin","Cytacon","Cytamen","Cytobion","Depinar","Dicopac","Dimethylbenzimidazoylcobamide","Distivit","Docemine","Docibin","Docivit","Dodecabee","Dodecavite","Dodex","Duodecibin","Embiol","Emociclina","Eritrone","Erycytol","Erythrotin","Euhaemon","Extrinsic factor","Factor II","Fermin","Fresmin","Hemomin","Hepagon","Hepavis","Hepcovite","Macrabin","Megabion","Megalovel","Milbedoce","Millevit","Nagravon","Normocytin","Novidroxin","Pernaemon","Pernaevit","Pernipuron","Plecyamin","Poyamin","Rebramin","Redamina","Redisol","Rhodacryst","Rubesol","Rubripca","Rubrocitol","Vibalt","Vibisone","Virubra","Vita-rubra","Vitamin B12","Vitamin B12 complex","Vitamin B12 Preparation","Vitamine B12","Vitarubin","Vitral"],"pathways":[],"growth_conditions":[{"growth_media":"hops, malted barley","concentration":"0.0","concentration_units":"\u0026#181;M","error":"0.0"}],"references":[{"pubmed_id":null,"citation":"Alcoholic beverage, wine, table, red - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. 2010. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 23. \u003ca href = http://www.ars.usda.gov/ba/bhnrc/ndl\u003eNutrient Data Laboratory Home Page\u003c/a\u003e"}],"proteins":[]}