{"ymdb_id":"YMDB01494","created_at":"2011-07-25T20:45:34.000Z","updated_at":"2016-09-08T18:36:45.000Z","name":"Uric acid","cas":"69-93-2","state":"Solid","melting_point":"\u003e300 oC","description":"Uric acid is a heterocyclic compound produced by xanthine oxidase from xanthine and hypoxanthine, which in turn are produced from purine. In humans and higher primates, uric acid is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism and is excreted in urine. In birds and reptiles, and in some desert dwelling mammals (e.g., the kangaroo rat), uric acid also is the end product of purine metabolism, but it is excreted in feces as a dry mass.","experimental_water_solubility":"0.06 mg/mL at 20 oC [YALKOWSKY,SH \u0026 DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)]","experimental_logp_hydrophobicity":"-2.17 [NAHUM,A \u0026 HORVATH,C (1980)]","location":null,"synthesis_reference":"Brenner-Holzach, O.; Leuthardt, F.  Uric acid formation from glucose carbon in Drosophila melanogaster. Preliminary report.    Helvetica Chimica Acta  (1963),  46(4),  1426-8. ","chebi_id":"17775","hmdb_id":"HMDB00289","kegg_id":"C00366","pubchem_id":"1175","cs_id":"1142","foodb_id":"FDB015350","wikipedia_link":"Uric_acid","biocyc_id":"URATE","iupac":"2,3,6,7,8,9-hexahydro-1H-purine-2,6,8-trione","traditional_iupac":"uric acid","logp":"-1.5441929356666664","pka":"8.972761778718843","alogps_solubility":"1.76e+00 g/l","alogps_logp":"-1.12","alogps_logs":"-1.98","acceptor_count":"3","donor_count":"4","rotatable_bond_count":"0","polar_surface_area":"99.33000000000001","refractivity":"45.62859999999999","polarizability":"13.613230919300054","formal_charge":"0","physiological_charge":"0","pka_strongest_basic":"-6.523072814060841","pka_strongest_acidic":"7.246926773305706","bioavailability":"1","number_of_rings":"2","rule_of_five":"1","ghose_filter":"0","veber_rule":"0","mddr_like_rule":"0","synonyms":["1H-Purine-2, 6,8-triol","1H-Purine-2,6,8-triol","1H-Purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione, 7,9-dihydro-","2,6-dihydroxy-7,9-dihydro-8H-purin-8-one","2,6, 8-Trioxypurine","2,6,8-Trihydroxypurine","2,6,8-Trioxopurine","2,6,8-trioxypurine","7,9-Dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione","8-hydroxyxanthine","Diohippuric acid I 125 (USAN)","Lithate","lithic acid","Purine-2,6,8-triol","Purine-2,6,8(1H,3H,9H)-trione","Purine-3,6,8(1H,3H,9H)-trione","Urate","URIC ACID","uric oxide"],"pathways":[{"name":"Purine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00230"}],"growth_conditions":[],"references":[{"pubmed_id":null,"citation":"Yannai S. Dictionary of food compounds with CD-ROM: additives, flavors, and ingredients. Chapman \u0026 Hall/CRC; 2004."}],"proteins":[]}