{"ymdb_id":"YMDB00997","created_at":"2011-06-14T19:34:30.000Z","updated_at":"2016-09-08T18:36:08.000Z","name":"D-Leucine","cas":"328-38-1","state":"Solid","melting_point":"268-288 oC","description":"Leucine (abbreviated as Leu or L) is an alpha-amino acid. The L-isomer is one of the 22 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the building blocks of proteins. D-isomers are used as carbon, nitrogen, and energy source. Leucine is a major component of the sub-units in ferritin, astacin and other 'buffer' proteins.","experimental_water_solubility":"21.5 mg/mL at 25 oC [YALKOWSKY,SH \u0026 DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)]","experimental_logp_hydrophobicity":"-1.52 [HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)]","location":null,"synthesis_reference":null,"chebi_id":"28225","hmdb_id":"HMDB00687","kegg_id":"C01570","pubchem_id":"6106","cs_id":"388617","foodb_id":null,"wikipedia_link":"Leucine","biocyc_id":"LEU","iupac":"(2R)-2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid","traditional_iupac":"L-(+)-leucine","logp":"-1.5861571715466434","pka":null,"alogps_solubility":"6.98e+01 g/l","alogps_logp":"-1.82","alogps_logs":"-0.27","acceptor_count":"3","donor_count":"2","rotatable_bond_count":"3","polar_surface_area":"63.32","refractivity":"34.1709","polarizability":"14.245654175557164","formal_charge":"0","physiological_charge":"0","pka_strongest_basic":"9.51901425787269","pka_strongest_acidic":"2.787708882185853","bioavailability":"1","number_of_rings":"0","rule_of_five":"1","ghose_filter":"0","veber_rule":"0","mddr_like_rule":"0","synonyms":["(2R)-2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid","(2S)-2-Amino-4-methylpentanoate","(2S)-2-Amino-4-methylpentanoic acid","(R)-(-)-Leucine","(R)-leucine","(S)-(+)-Leucine","(S)-2-Amino-4-methylpentanoate","(S)-2-Amino-4-methylpentanoic acid","(S)-2-Amino-4-methylvalerate","(S)-2-Amino-4-methylvaleric acid","(S)-Leucine","4-methyl-L-Norvaline","D-2-Amino-4-methylvaleric acid","D-Leucin","D-Leucine","D-Leuzin","L-(+)-Leucine","L-a-Aminoisocaproate","L-a-Aminoisocaproic acid","L-alpha-Aminoisocaproate","L-alpha-Aminoisocaproic acid","Leu","Leucine","Leucine, D-"],"pathways":[],"growth_conditions":[],"references":[{"pubmed_id":21062828,"citation":"Scheer, M., Grote, A., Chang, A., Schomburg, I., Munaretto, C., Rother, M., Sohngen, C., Stelzer, M., Thiele, J., Schomburg, D. (2011). \"BRENDA, the enzyme information system in 2011.\" Nucleic Acids Res 39:D670-D676."},{"pubmed_id":15375647,"citation":"Yow, G. Y., Uo, T., Yoshimura, T., Esaki, N. (2004). \"D-amino acid N-acetyltransferase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a close homologue of histone acetyltransferase Hpa2p acting exclusively on free D-amino acids.\" Arch Microbiol 182:396-403."}],"proteins":[{"created_at":"2011-05-26T23:37:41.000Z","updated_at":"2011-05-29T14:08:02.000Z","name":"N-acetyltransferase HPA3","uniprot_id":"P39979","uniprot_name":"HPA3_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"HPA3","num_residues":179,"molecular_weight":"20698.5","theoretical_pi":"7.84","general_function":"Involved in N-acetyltransferase activity","specific_function":"N-acetyltransferase whose physiological acetyl acceptor substrate is still unknown. In vitro, histone acetylation is very weak","reactions":[{"id":2617,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus","altext":"acetyl-CoA + a D-amino acid = CoA + an N-acetyl-D-amino acid","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus","genbank_gene_id":"U18795","genbank_protein_id":"603252","gene_card_id":"HPA3","chromosome_location":"chromosome 5","locus":"YEL066W","synonyms":[],"enzyme_classes":["2.3.1.-","2.3.1.36"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" acetyltransferase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" N-acetyltransferase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity, transferring acyl groups"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity, transferring acyl groups other than amino-acyl groups"},{"category":"Function","description":" acyltransferase activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" metabolic process"}],"pfams":[{"name":"Acetyltransf_1","identifier":"PF00583"}],"pathways":[],"gene_sequence":"ATGAAAAAGACCCCAGACCCATCTCCACCTTTTGCAAGCACGAAGAACGTAGGCATGTCAAACGAAGAACCGGAAAAAATGGTTAACGATCGAATTGTGGTGAAGGCCATCGAGCCAAAAGATGAGGAAGCCTGGAACAAACTGTGGAAGGAGTATCAGGGTTTCCAAAAAACGGTTATGCCTCCGGAAGTAGCCACCACTACCTTCGCAAGGTTTATAGACCCTACGGTCAAACTATGGGGTGCTCTAGCCTTTGACACCGAGACCGGCGATGCAATTGGCTTTGCACACTACCTGAACCATTTGACGTCGTGGCATGTCGAAGAAGTTGTCTACATGAATGACTTATATGTCACTGAACGCGCAAGAGTCAAAGGCGTAGGTAGAAAGCTCATAGAATTTGTATACAGCCGTGCCGATGAGCTCGGTACGCCTGCAGTGTACTGGGTTACAGACCATTACAATCACCGCGCACAGTTGCTGTACACCAAAGTGGCTTACAAGACAGATAAGGTTCTTTACAAGAGAAACGGATACTGA","protein_sequence":"MKKTPDPSPPFASTKNVGMSNEEPEKMVNDRIVVKAIEPKDEEAWNKLWKEYQGFQKTVMPPEVATTTFARFIDPTVKLWGALAFDTETGDAIGFAHYLNHLTSWHVEEVVYMNDLYVTERARVKGVGRKLIEFVYSRADELGTPAVYWVTDHYNHRAQLLYTKVAYKTDKVLYKRNGY"}]}