{"ymdb_id":"YMDB00903","created_at":"2011-05-29T19:03:10.000Z","updated_at":"2016-09-08T18:36:02.000Z","name":"D-Proline","cas":"344-25-2","state":"Solid","melting_point":"221 oC","description":"Proline (abbreviated as Pro or P) is an alpha-amino acid. The L-isomer is one of the 22 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the building blocks of proteins. D-isomers are used as carbon, nitrogen, and energy source. Proline is synthesized from glutamic acid.","experimental_water_solubility":"162 mg/mL at 25 oC [MERCK INDEX (1996)]","experimental_logp_hydrophobicity":"-2.54 [HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)]","location":null,"synthesis_reference":null,"chebi_id":"16313","hmdb_id":"HMDB03411","kegg_id":"C00763","pubchem_id":"8988","cs_id":"8640","foodb_id":null,"wikipedia_link":"Proline","biocyc_id":"CPD-656","iupac":"(2R)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid","traditional_iupac":"D-proline","logp":"-2.568638276039985","pka":null,"alogps_solubility":"3.65e+02 g/l","alogps_logp":"-2.71","alogps_logs":"0.50","acceptor_count":"3","donor_count":"2","rotatable_bond_count":"1","polar_surface_area":"49.33","refractivity":"28.064299999999996","polarizability":"11.387789363574521","formal_charge":"0","physiological_charge":"0","pka_strongest_basic":"11.332026115136207","pka_strongest_acidic":"1.9406707712827913","bioavailability":"1","number_of_rings":"1","rule_of_five":"1","ghose_filter":"0","veber_rule":"0","mddr_like_rule":"0","synonyms":["(2R)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylate","(2R)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid","(R)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylate","(R)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid","D-Prolin","D-proline","R-Proline","R)-2-Carboxypyrrolidine"],"pathways":[{"name":"Arginine and proline metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00330"}],"growth_conditions":[],"references":[{"pubmed_id":21062828,"citation":"Scheer, M., Grote, A., Chang, A., Schomburg, I., Munaretto, C., Rother, M., Sohngen, C., Stelzer, M., Thiele, J., Schomburg, D. (2011). \"BRENDA, the enzyme information system in 2011.\" Nucleic Acids Res 39:D670-D676."},{"pubmed_id":6753931,"citation":"Horak, J., Rihova, L. (1982). \"L-Proline transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.\" Biochim Biophys Acta 691:144-150."}],"proteins":[{"created_at":"2011-05-26T23:37:41.000Z","updated_at":"2011-05-29T14:08:02.000Z","name":"N-acetyltransferase HPA3","uniprot_id":"P39979","uniprot_name":"HPA3_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"HPA3","num_residues":179,"molecular_weight":"20698.5","theoretical_pi":"7.84","general_function":"Involved in N-acetyltransferase activity","specific_function":"N-acetyltransferase whose physiological acetyl acceptor substrate is still unknown. In vitro, histone acetylation is very weak","reactions":[{"id":2617,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus","altext":"acetyl-CoA + a D-amino acid = CoA + an N-acetyl-D-amino acid","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus","genbank_gene_id":"U18795","genbank_protein_id":"603252","gene_card_id":"HPA3","chromosome_location":"chromosome 5","locus":"YEL066W","synonyms":[],"enzyme_classes":["2.3.1.-","2.3.1.36"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity, transferring acyl groups"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity, transferring acyl groups other than amino-acyl groups"},{"category":"Function","description":" acyltransferase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" acetyltransferase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" N-acetyltransferase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" metabolic process"}],"pfams":[{"name":"Acetyltransf_1","identifier":"PF00583"}],"pathways":[],"gene_sequence":"ATGAAAAAGACCCCAGACCCATCTCCACCTTTTGCAAGCACGAAGAACGTAGGCATGTCAAACGAAGAACCGGAAAAAATGGTTAACGATCGAATTGTGGTGAAGGCCATCGAGCCAAAAGATGAGGAAGCCTGGAACAAACTGTGGAAGGAGTATCAGGGTTTCCAAAAAACGGTTATGCCTCCGGAAGTAGCCACCACTACCTTCGCAAGGTTTATAGACCCTACGGTCAAACTATGGGGTGCTCTAGCCTTTGACACCGAGACCGGCGATGCAATTGGCTTTGCACACTACCTGAACCATTTGACGTCGTGGCATGTCGAAGAAGTTGTCTACATGAATGACTTATATGTCACTGAACGCGCAAGAGTCAAAGGCGTAGGTAGAAAGCTCATAGAATTTGTATACAGCCGTGCCGATGAGCTCGGTACGCCTGCAGTGTACTGGGTTACAGACCATTACAATCACCGCGCACAGTTGCTGTACACCAAAGTGGCTTACAAGACAGATAAGGTTCTTTACAAGAGAAACGGATACTGA","protein_sequence":"MKKTPDPSPPFASTKNVGMSNEEPEKMVNDRIVVKAIEPKDEEAWNKLWKEYQGFQKTVMPPEVATTTFARFIDPTVKLWGALAFDTETGDAIGFAHYLNHLTSWHVEEVVYMNDLYVTERARVKGVGRKLIEFVYSRADELGTPAVYWVTDHYNHRAQLLYTKVAYKTDKVLYKRNGY"}]}