{"ymdb_id":"YMDB00441","created_at":"2011-05-29T18:17:30.000Z","updated_at":"2016-10-18T17:11:29.000Z","name":"2-hydroxybutyric acid","cas":"71-23-8","state":"Solid","melting_point":"44.2 oC","description":"2-Hydroxybutyrate, the conjugate base of 2-hydroxybutyric acid, is produced in mammalian tissues (principally hepatic) that catabolize L-threonine or synthesize glutathione. Oxidative stress or detoxification demands can dramatically increase the rate of hepatic glutathione synthesis.","experimental_water_solubility":"1000 mg/mL at 25 oC [RIDDICK,JA et al. (1986)]","experimental_logp_hydrophobicity":"0.25 [HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)]","location":"extracellular;cytoplasm","synthesis_reference":"Carlier, J. P.; Henry, C.; Lorin, V.; Rouffignat, K. Conversion of DL-threonine, D-threonine and 2-oxobutyrate into propionate and 2-hydroxybutyrate by Fusobacterium species. Letters in Applied Microbiology  (1997),  25(5),  371-374.  ","chebi_id":"1148","hmdb_id":"HMDB00008","kegg_id":"C05984","pubchem_id":"11266","cs_id":"10792","foodb_id":null,"wikipedia_link":"2-Hydroxybutyric_acid","biocyc_id":"CPD-3564","iupac":"2-hydroxybutanoic acid","traditional_iupac":"α-hydroxybutyric acid","logp":"0.050692876999999914","pka":"14.293154365104641","alogps_solubility":"4.84e+02 g/l","alogps_logp":"-0.16","alogps_logs":"0.67","acceptor_count":"3","donor_count":"2","rotatable_bond_count":"2","polar_surface_area":"57.53","refractivity":"23.3638","polarizability":"9.975162710656104","formal_charge":"0","physiological_charge":"-1","pka_strongest_basic":"-3.7935876935907205","pka_strongest_acidic":"3.9899988581138763","bioavailability":"1","number_of_rings":"0","rule_of_five":"1","ghose_filter":"0","veber_rule":"0","mddr_like_rule":"0","synonyms":["(RS)-2-Hydroxybutyrate","(RS)-2-Hydroxybutyric acid","1-Hydroxypropane","1-Propanol","1-Propyl alcohol","2-hydroxy-Butanoate","2-hydroxy-Butanoic acid","2-hydroxy-DL-Butyrate","2-hydroxy-DL-Butyric acid","2-Hydroxy-n-butyrate","2-Hydroxy-n-butyric acid","2-Hydroxybutanoate","2-Hydroxybutanoic acid","2-Hydroxybutyrate","2-Hydroxybutyric acid","a-Hydroxy-n-butyrate","a-Hydroxy-n-butyric acid","a-Hydroxybutanoate","a-Hydroxybutanoic acid","a-Hydroxybutyrate","a-Hydroxybutyric acid","alpha-hydroxy-n-butyrate","alpha-hydroxy-n-butyric acid","alpha-Hydroxybutanoate","alpha-Hydroxybutanoic acid","alpha-Hydroxybutyrate","alpha-Hydroxybutyric acid","Butanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-","Butyric acid, 2-hydroxy-","DL-2-Hydroxybutanoate","DL-2-Hydroxybutanoic acid","DL-a-Hydroxybutyrate","DL-a-Hydroxybutyric acid","DL-alpha-Hydroxybutyrate","DL-alpha-Hydroxybutyric acid","Ethylcarbinol","n-Propan-1-ol","n-Propanol","n-Propyl alcohol","n-Propyl alkohol","Optal","Osmosol extra","Propan-1-ol","Propanol","Propanol-1","Propyl alcohol","Propylan-propyl alcohol","Propylic alcohol"],"pathways":[{"name":"Propanoate metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00640"}],"growth_conditions":[{"growth_media":"YEB media with 0.5 mM glucose","concentration":"1725.0","concentration_units":"\u0026#181;M","error":"86.0"}],"references":[{"pubmed_id":18846089,"citation":"Herrgard, M. J., Swainston, N., Dobson, P., Dunn, W. B., Arga, K. Y., Arvas, M., Bluthgen, N., Borger, S., Costenoble, R., Heinemann, M., Hucka, M., Le Novere, N., Li, P., Liebermeister, W., Mo, M. L., Oliveira, A. P., Petranovic, D., Pettifer, S., Simeonidis, E., Smallbone, K., Spasic, I., Weichart, D., Brent, R., Broomhead, D. S., Westerhoff, H. V., Kirdar, B., Penttila, M., Klipp, E., Palsson, B. O., Sauer, U., Oliver, S. G., Mendes, P., Nielsen, J., Kell, D. B. (2008). \"A consensus yeast metabolic network reconstruction obtained from a community approach to systems biology.\" Nat Biotechnol 26:1155-1160."}],"proteins":[]}