{"ymdb_id":"YMDB00203","created_at":"2011-05-29T16:06:35.000Z","updated_at":"2016-10-18T17:11:20.000Z","name":"(R)-Pantothenic acid","cas":"79-83-4","state":"Solid","melting_point":"\u003c 25 oC","description":"R-Pantothenate (vitamin B5) is the amide between (R)-pantoate and beta-alanine. It is a precursor for the synthesis of the 4'-phosphopantetheine moiety of coenzyme A (CoA) and acyl carrier protein in bacteria and eukaryotes. Only plants and microorganisms (including some eukaryotic microbes, such as S. cerevisiae) can synthesize pantothenate de novo - animals require a dietary supplement. [Biocyc PANTOTHENATE and COA-PWY]","experimental_water_solubility":"1000 mg/mL [MERCK INDEX (1996)]","experimental_logp_hydrophobicity":null,"location":"Cytoplasm;Extracellular","synthesis_reference":"Kataoka, Michihiko; Shimizu, Sakayu; Doi, Yukiko; Yamada, Hideaki. Stereospecific reduction of ethyl 2'-ketopantothenate to ethyl D-(+)-pantothenate with microbial cells as a catalyst. Applied and Environmental Microbiology (1990), 56(11), 3595-7.","chebi_id":"46905","hmdb_id":"HMDB00210","kegg_id":"C00864","pubchem_id":"6613","cs_id":"6361","foodb_id":null,"wikipedia_link":"Pantothenic acid","biocyc_id":"PANTOTHENATE","iupac":"3-[(2R)-2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido]propanoic acid","traditional_iupac":"(+)-pantothenic acid","logp":"-1.3553751066666662","pka":"12.685728183953426","alogps_solubility":"6.05e+01 g/l","alogps_logp":"-1.12","alogps_logs":"-0.56","acceptor_count":"5","donor_count":"4","rotatable_bond_count":"6","polar_surface_area":"106.86000000000001","refractivity":"51.511100000000006","polarizability":"21.987799216909416","formal_charge":"0","physiological_charge":"-1","pka_strongest_basic":"-2.7860052632571373","pka_strongest_acidic":"4.3547414254714205","bioavailability":"1","number_of_rings":"0","rule_of_five":"1","ghose_filter":"0","veber_rule":"0","mddr_like_rule":"0","synonyms":["(+)-Pantothenate","(+)-Pantothenic acid","(D)-(+)-Pantothenate","(D)-(+)-Pantothenic acid","(R)-N-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutyl)-beta-alanine, ion(1-)","(R)-pantothenate","Chick antidermatitis factor","D-Pantothenate","D-Pantothenic acid","D(+)-N-(2,4-Dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutyryl)-b-alanine","D(+)-N-(2,4-Dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutyryl)-beta-alanine","delta-Pantothenate","delta-Pantothenic acid","Kyselina pantothenova","Kyselina pantothenova [Czech]","N-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl)-beta-alaninate","N-(2,4-Dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutyryl)-beta-alanine","Pantothenate","pantothenic acid","Pantothenic Acid [BAN]","Vitamin B3","Vitamin B5"],"pathways":[{"name":"beta-Alanine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00410"},{"name":"Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis","kegg_map_id":"00770"}],"growth_conditions":[{"growth_media":"hops, malted barley","concentration":"2.0","concentration_units":"\u0026#181;M","error":"1.0"},{"growth_media":"grape juice","concentration":"1.0","concentration_units":"\u0026#181;M","error":"0.0"}],"references":[{"pubmed_id":21051339,"citation":"UniProt Consortium (2011). \"Ongoing and future developments at the Universal Protein Resource.\" Nucleic Acids Res 39:D214-D219."},{"pubmed_id":21062828,"citation":"Scheer, M., Grote, A., Chang, A., Schomburg, I., Munaretto, C., Rother, M., Sohngen, C., Stelzer, M., Thiele, J., Schomburg, D. (2011). \"BRENDA, the enzyme information system in 2011.\" Nucleic Acids Res 39:D670-D676."},{"pubmed_id":18846089,"citation":"Herrgard, M. J., Swainston, N., Dobson, P., Dunn, W. B., Arga, K. Y., Arvas, M., Bluthgen, N., Borger, S., Costenoble, R., Heinemann, M., Hucka, M., Le Novere, N., Li, P., Liebermeister, W., Mo, M. L., Oliveira, A. P., Petranovic, D., Pettifer, S., Simeonidis, E., Smallbone, K., Spasic, I., Weichart, D., Brent, R., Broomhead, D. S., Westerhoff, H. V., Kirdar, B., Penttila, M., Klipp, E., Palsson, B. O., Sauer, U., Oliver, S. G., Mendes, P., Nielsen, J., Kell, D. B. (2008). \"A consensus yeast metabolic network reconstruction obtained from a community approach to systems biology.\" Nat Biotechnol 26:1155-1160."},{"pubmed_id":11154694,"citation":"White, W. H., Gunyuzlu, P. L., Toyn, J. H. (2001). \"Saccharomyces cerevisiae is capable of de Novo pantothenic acid biosynthesis involving a novel pathway of beta-alanine production from spermine.\" J Biol Chem 276:10794-10800."},{"pubmed_id":null,"citation":"Alcoholic beverage, beer, regular, all - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. 2010. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 23. \u003ca href = http://www.ars.usda.gov/ba/bhnrc/ndl\u003eNutrient Data Laboratory Home Page\u003c/a\u003e"},{"pubmed_id":null,"citation":"Alcoholic beverage, wine, table, red - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. 2010. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 23. \u003ca href = http://www.ars.usda.gov/ba/bhnrc/ndl\u003eNutrient Data Laboratory Home Page\u003c/a\u003e"},{"pubmed_id":17439666,"citation":"Castrillo, J. I., Zeef, L. A., Hoyle, D. C., Zhang, N., Hayes, A., Gardner, D. C., Cornell, M. J., Petty, J., Hakes, L., Wardleworth, L., Rash, B., Brown, M., Dunn, W. B., Broadhurst, D., O'Donoghue, K., Hester, S. S., Dunkley, T. P., Hart, S. R., Swainston, N., Li, P., Gaskell, S. J., Paton, N. W., Lilley, K. S., Kell, D. B., Oliver, S. G. (2007). \"Growth control of the eukaryote cell: a systems biology study in yeast.\" J Biol 6:4."}],"proteins":[{"created_at":"2011-05-26T21:09:50.000Z","updated_at":"2011-05-26T21:09:50.000Z","name":"Pantothenate kinase","uniprot_id":"Q04430","uniprot_name":"PANK_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":null,"num_residues":367,"molecular_weight":"40902.89844","theoretical_pi":"6.35","general_function":"Involved in pantothenate kinase activity","specific_function":"Plays a role in the physiological regulation of the intracellular CoA concentration","reactions":[{"id":1830,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2605,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus","altext":"ATP + (R)-pantothenate = ADP + (R)-4'-phosphopantothenate.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":3766,"direction":null,"locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006289","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":3767,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006657","source":"Smpdb"}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus","genbank_gene_id":"U33057","genbank_protein_id":"927798","gene_card_id":null,"chromosome_location":null,"locus":"YDR531W","synonyms":["Pantothenic acid kinase"],"enzyme_classes":["2.7.1.33"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" nucleoside binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" purine nucleoside binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" adenyl nucleotide binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" adenyl ribonucleotide binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" ATP binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" kinase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" pantothenate kinase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" cofactor metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" coenzyme metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" coenzyme biosynthetic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" coenzyme A biosynthetic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" metabolic process"}],"pfams":[{"name":"Fumble","identifier":"PF03630"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis","kegg_map_id":"00770"},{"name":"beta-Alanine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00410"}],"gene_sequence":"ATGCCGCGAATTACTCAAGAGATATCTTACAATTGCGATTATGGCGACAATACTTTCAACCTTGCTATTGATATAGGAGGCACTCTGGCTAAAGTAGTCTTCTCGCCTATACACAGTAACAGGCTGATGTTCTACACCATTGAAACAGAGAAAATTGACAAGTTCATGGAACTTCTGCATTCTATTATCAAAGAACATAACAATGGATGCTATAGAATGACTCATATAATTGCCACTGGTGGTGGCGCCTTCAAGTTTTATGATTTGTTGTATGAAAATTTTCCTCAAATAAAAGGTATATCGAGGTTCGAAGAAATGGAAGGCTTAATTCACGGTTTAGACTTTTTCATTCATGAGATTCCCGATGAAGTTTTCACTTACAACGATCAAGATGGCGAAAGGATAATACCCACCAGTTCCGGCACCATGGACTCAAAGGCTATCTACCCATACCTTCTAGTCAATATAGGGTCGGGTGTCTCAATATTAAAAGTCACCGAACCAAACAATTTTAGTAGAGTAGGCGGTTCTTCACTGGGAGGAGGAACTCTTTGGGGCCTATTATCACTAATTACTGGCGCTCAAACTTATGATCAGATGCTCGATTGGGCACAAGAGGGTGACAATTCTAGCGTTGATATGCTAGTTGGAGATATTTATGGAACAGACTATAATAAAATTGGTCTAAAGTCGTCAGCTATTGCAAGTTCATTTGGTAAAGTTTTCCAAAATAGAATGACATCTAACAAATCTTTGGAAAACAACGAAAATAAATTATATTCCTCACATGAGTCTATTGAGAAAAACAATGGACAAATGTTTAAGAATCCTGATATTTGTAAAAGTCTTCTATTCGCCATCTCCAACAATATTGGGCAAATAGCTTATTTGCAAGCTAAAATCAATAATATACAGAATATATACTTTGGCGGATCTTATACCAGAGGACATTTGACTACCATGAACACTTTGAGCTACGCTATTAATTTTTGGTCACAAGGATCAAAGCAAGCGTTTTTTCTCAAACATGAAGGCTATTTGGGTGCAATGGGTGCTTTCCTAAGCGCGTCTCGTCATTCATCTACTAAGAAAACAAGTACGTAG","protein_sequence":"MPRITQEISYNCDYGDNTFNLAIDIGGTLAKVVFSPIHSNRLMFYTIETEKIDKFMELLHSIIKEHNNGCYRMTHIIATGGGAFKFYDLLYENFPQIKGISRFEEMEGLIHGLDFFIHEIPDEVFTYNDQDGERIIPTSSGTMDSKAIYPYLLVNIGSGVSILKVTEPNNFSRVGGSSLGGGTLWGLLSLITGAQTYDQMLDWAQEGDNSSVDMLVGDIYGTDYNKIGLKSSAIASSFGKVFQNRMTSNKSLENNENKLYSSHESIEKNNGQMFKNPDICKSLLFAISNNIGQIAYLQAKINNIQNIYFGGSYTRGHLTTMNTLSYAINFWSQGSKQAFFLKHEGYLGAMGAFLSASRHSSTKKTST"},{"created_at":"2011-05-27T07:32:07.000Z","updated_at":"2011-05-27T15:01:28.000Z","name":"Pantothenate transporter FEN2","uniprot_id":"P25621","uniprot_name":"FEN2_YEAST","enzyme":false,"transporter":true,"gene_name":"FEN2","num_residues":512,"molecular_weight":"58256.0","theoretical_pi":"7.25","general_function":"Involved in transmembrane transport","specific_function":"Transports pantothenate into the cell. Also involved in the catabolite repression-mediated regulation of ergosterol biosynthesis and in fenpropimorph resistance","reactions":[],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"28-48;80-100;103-123;133-153;165-185;199-219;272-292;313-333;343-363;373-393;402-422;435-455","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":"Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein","genbank_gene_id":"X59720","genbank_protein_id":"14588909","gene_card_id":"FEN2","chromosome_location":"chromosome 3","locus":"YCR028C","synonyms":["Fenpropimorph resistance protein 2"],"enzyme_classes":[],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Process","description":" transmembrane transport"},{"category":"Process","description":" establishment of localization"},{"category":"Process","description":" transport"}],"pfams":[{"name":"MFS_1","identifier":"PF07690"}],"pathways":[],"gene_sequence":"ATGGTAGCAACAATAATGCAGACGACAACAACTGTGCTGACGACAGTCGCCGCAATGTCTACTACCTTAGCATCAAATTACATATCTTCGCAAGCTAGTTCCTCGACGAGTGTAACAACAGTAACGACAATAGCGACATCAATACGCTCTACACCGTCTAATCTACTCTTTTCTAATGTGGCGGCTCAGCCAAAATCATCTTCAGCAAGCACAATTGGGCTTTCAATCGGACTTCCCATCGGAATATTCTGTTTCGGATTACTTATCCTTTTGTGTTATTTCTACCTTAAAAGGAATTCGGTGTCCATTTCAAATCCACCCATGTCAGCTACGATTCCAAGGGAAGAGGAATATTGTCGCCGCACTAATTGGTTCTCACGGTTATTTTGGCAGAGTAAGTGTGAGGATCAGAATTCATATTCTAATCGTGATATTGAGAAGTATAACGACACCCAGTGGACCTCGGGTGATAACATGTCTTCAAAAATACAGTACAAAATTTCCAAACCCATAATACCGCAGCATATACTGACACCTAAGAAAACGGTGAAGAACCCATATGCTTGGTCTGGTAAAAACATTTCGTTAGACCCCAAAGTGAACGAAATGGAGGAAGAGAAAGTTGTGGATGCATTCCTGTATACTAAACCACCGAATATTGTCCATATTGAATCCAGCATGCCCTCGTATAATGATTTACCTTCTCAAAAAACGGTGTCCTCAAAGAAAACTGCGTTAAAAACGAGTGAGAAATGGAGTTACGAATCTCCACTATCTCGATGGTTCTTGAGGGGTTCTACATACTTTAAGGATTATGGCTTATCAAAGACCTCTTTAAAGACCCCAACTGGGGCTCCACAACTGAAGCAAATGAAAATGCTCTCCCGGATAAGTAAGGGTTACTTCAATGAGTCAGATATAATGCCTGACGAACGATCGCCCATCTTGGAGTATAATAACACGCCTCTGGATGCAAATGACAGTGTGAATAACTTGGGTAATACCACGCCAGATTCACAAATCACATCTTATCGCAACAATAACATCGATCTAATCACGGCAAGACCCCATTCAGTGATATACGGTACTACTGCACAACAAACTTTGGAAACCAACTTCAATGATCATCATGACTGCAATAAAAGCACTGAGAAACACGAGTTGATAATACCCACCCCATCAAAACCACTAAAGAAAAGGAAAAAAAGAAGACAAAGTAAAATGTATCAGCATTTACAACATTTGTCACGTTCTAAACCATTGCCGCTTACTCCAAACTCCAAATATAATGGGGAGGCTAGCGTCCAATTAGGGAAGACATATACAGTTATTCAGGATTACGAGCCTAGATTGACAGACGAAATAAGAATCTCGCTGGGTGAAAAAGTTAAAATTCTGGCCACTCATACCGATGGATGGTGTCTGGTAGAAAAGTGTAATACACAAAAGGGTTCTATTCACGTCAGTGTTGACGATAAAAGATACCTCAATGAAGATAGAGGCATTGTGCCTGGTGACTGTCTCCAAGAATACGACTGA","protein_sequence":"MMKESKSITQHEVERESVSSKRAIKKRLLLFKIDLFVLSFVCLQYWINYVDRVGFTNAYISGMKEDLKMVGNDLTVSNTVFMIGYIVGMVPNNLMLLCVPPRIWLSFCTFAWGLLTLGMYKVTSFKHICAIRFFQALFESCTFSGTHFVLGSWYKEDELPIRSAIFTGSGLVGSMFSGFMQTSIFTHLNGRNGLAGWRWLFIIDFCITLPIAIYGFIFFPGLPDQTSAVSKFSMTRYIFNEQELHYARRRLPARDESTRLDWSTIPRVLKRWHWWMFSLVWVLGGENLGFASNSTFALWLQNQKYTLAQRNNYPSGIFAVGIVSTLCSAVYMSKIPRARHWHVSVFISLVMVIVAVLIRADPLNPKVVFSAQYLGGVAYAGQAVFFSWANIICHADLQERAIVLASMNMFSGAVNAWWSILFFASDMVPKFERGCYALLATAISSGIVSVVIRSLQIKENLSKKQVPYIDANDMPGEDDDDDNQDNENDGDDESMEVELHNEEMAEISNPFR"},{"created_at":"2011-05-29T04:13:02.000Z","updated_at":"2011-05-29T05:06:53.000Z","name":"Pantoate--beta-alanine ligase","uniprot_id":"P40459","uniprot_name":"PANC_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"PAN6","num_residues":309,"molecular_weight":"35031.89844","theoretical_pi":"5.08","general_function":"Involved in pantoate-beta-alanine ligase activity","specific_function":"Required for pantothenic acid biosynthesis","reactions":[{"id":1831,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2841,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus","altext":"ATP + (R)-pantoate + beta-alanine = AMP + diphosphate + (R)-pantothenate.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":3765,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006288","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14219,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006656","source":"Smpdb"}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":"Cytoplasm. Nucleus","genbank_gene_id":null,"genbank_protein_id":null,"gene_card_id":"PAN6","chromosome_location":"chromosome 9","locus":"YIL145C","synonyms":["Pantoate-activating enzyme","Pantothenate synthetase"],"enzyme_classes":["6.3.2.1"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" acid-amino acid ligase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" pantoate-beta-alanine ligase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" ligase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" ligase activity, forming carbon-nitrogen bonds"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" cofactor metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" coenzyme metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" coenzyme biosynthetic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" pantothenate biosynthetic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" metabolic process"}],"pfams":[{"name":"Pantoate_ligase","identifier":"PF02569"}],"pathways":[{"name":"beta-Alanine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00410"},{"name":"Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis","kegg_map_id":"00770"}],"gene_sequence":"ATGAAAATCTTCCATACTGTCGAAGAAGTTGTTCAATGGAGAACACAGGAGCTGAGGGAAACTAGATTTAGAGAAACTATTGGGTTCGTTCCCACAATGGGTTGCCTGCATTCGGGTCACGCTAGTTTGATCTCGCAGTCTGTGAAGGAAAACACCTATACTGTGGTCAGTATATTTGTAAATCCCTCCCAGTTTGCGCCAACGGAAGATCTAGATAACTATCCTCGAACTTTGCCAGACGACATCAAATTGCTTGAGTCGTTGAAGGTGGATGTTCTATTTGCTCCTAATGCACACGTGATGTATCCACAGGGAATTCCGCTCGACATAGAAGAGCAGAAAGGCCCTTTTGTTAGTGTTCTTGGATTGAGTGAAAAATTAGAGGGGAAGACGAGACCTAACTTCTTTAGGGGCGTGGCAACTGTCGTGACTAAACTATTCAATATCGTTATGGCGGATGTGGCTTATTTTGGGCAGAAGGACATTCAACAGTTCATTGTTTTACAGTGTATGGTGGACGAACTGTTTGTTAATACAAGGCTACAAATGATGCCTATTGTAAGAAACAATAATGGACTGGCTCTGAGTAGTAGAAACAAATATCTTTGTCCAGAGTCTTTAAAGATCTCTGAAAACCTTTACCGCGGGCTGAAAGCTGCGGAAAATGCTATTAGGAGACTAGCACCAGGGGGACGTCTCTCCAGATCAGAAATCATCGATACTGTGACTCAAATATGGGCACCCTACGTTGATTCCCACGATTTCAAAATCGACTATGTTTCCTTAGCAGATTTTAAGACTCTTGATGAACTCTCCGATGTTGAAAACACCAGCGAACAGCAGCCAATAGTCATTAGTTGTGCTGTATACGTGACTGACCGCGAAAAACCCGATACGGTCGTCAGACTAATAGATAACATCGTTATTTAA","protein_sequence":"MKIFHTVEEVVQWRTQELRETRFRETIGFVPTMGCLHSGHASLISQSVKENTYTVVSIFVNPSQFAPTEDLDNYPRTLPDDIKLLESLKVDVLFAPNAHVMYPQGIPLDIEEQKGPFVSVLGLSEKLEGKTRPNFFRGVATVVTKLFNIVMADVAYFGQKDIQQFIVLQCMVDELFVNTRLQMMPIVRNNNGLALSSRNKYLCPESLKISENLYRGLKAAENAIRRLAPGGRLSRSEIIDTVTQIWAPYVDSHDFKIDYVSLADFKTLDELSDVENTSEQQPIVISCAVYVTDREKPDTVVRLIDNIVI"}]}