Glycine (YMDB00016)

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Identification

YMDB ID

YMDB00016

Name

Glycine

Species

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Strain

Baker's yeast

Description

Glycine (abbreviated as Gly or G) is an alpha-amino acid. It is one of the 22 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the building blocks of proteins. It is the smallest, simplest amino acid as it lacks any side chain or chirality. It is generally considered a polar amino acid. Glycine is a colourless, sweet-tasting crystalline solid. The principal function of glycine is as a precursor to proteins. It is also a building block to numerous natural products. Glycine is classified as a glucogenic amino acid, since it can be converted to serine by serine hydroxymethyltransferase, and serine can be converted back to the glycolytic intermediate, 3-phosphoglycerate or to pyruvate by serine/threonine dehydratase. Glycine is degraded via three pathways. The predominant pathway involves the catalysis of glycine cleavage enzyme, the same enzyme also involved in the biosynthesis of glycine. In the second pathway, glycine is degraded in two steps. The first step is the reverse of glycine biosynthesis from serine with serine hydroxymethyl transferase. Serine is then converted to pyruvate by serine dehydratase. In the third pathway, glycine is converted to glyoxylate by D-amino acid oxidase.

Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

2-Aminoacetate
2-Aminoacetic acid
Acid, aminoacetic
Aciport
amino-Acetate
amino-Acetic acid
Aminoacetate
Aminoacetic acid
Aminoessigsaeure
Aminoethanoate
Aminoethanoic acid
Calcium salt glycine
Cobalt salt glycine
Copper salt glycine
G
Glicoamin
Gly
Glycin
Glycine carbonate (1:1), monosodium salt
Glycine carbonate (2:1), monolithium salt
Glycine carbonate (2:1), monopotassium salt
Glycine carbonate (2:1), monosodium salt
Glycine hydrochloride
Glycine hydrochloride (2:1)
Glycine phosphate
Glycine phosphate (1:1)
Glycine sulfate (3:1)
Glycine, calcium salt
Glycine, calcium salt (2:1)
Glycine, cobalt salt
Glycine, copper salt
Glycine, monoammonium salt
Glycine, monopotasssium salt
Glycine, monosodium salt
Glycine, sodium hydrogen carbonate
Glycocoll
Glycolixir
Glycosthene
Glykokoll
Glyzin
Gyn-Hydralin
H2N-CH2-COOH
Hgly
Hydrochloride, glycine
Leimzucker
Monoammonium salt glycine
Monopotasssium salt glycine
Monosodium salt glycine
Padil
Phosphate, glycine
Salt glycine, monoammonium
Salt glycine, monosodium

CAS number

56-40-6

Weight

Average: 75.0666
Monoisotopic: 75.032028409

InChI Key

DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI

InChI=1S/C2H5NO2/c3-1-2(4)5/h1,3H2,(H,4,5)

IUPAC Name

2-aminoacetic acid

Traditional IUPAC Name

glycine

Chemical Formula

C₂H₅NO₂

SMILES

[H]OC(=O)C([H])([H])N([H])[H]

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon).

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic acids and derivatives

Class

Carboxylic acids and derivatives

Sub Class

Amino acids, peptides, and analogues

Direct Parent

Alpha amino acids

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Alpha-amino acid
Amino acid
Carboxylic acid
Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
Organic nitrogen compound
Organic oxide
Hydrocarbon derivative
Primary amine
Organooxygen compound
Organonitrogen compound
Organopnictogen compound
Primary aliphatic amine
Organic oxygen compound
Carbonyl group
Amine
Aliphatic acyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic acyclic compounds

External Descriptors

alpha-amino acid (CHEBI:15428 )
proteinogenic amino acid (CHEBI:15428 )
serine family amino acid (CHEBI:15428 )
Common amino acids (C00037 )
Amino acids (C00037 )

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Charge

Melting point

262.2 °C

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Reference
Water Solubility	249 mg/mL at 25 oC [YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)]	PhysProp
LogP	-3.21 [HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)]	PhysProp

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	552 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	-3.3	ALOGPS
logP	-3.4	ChemAxon
logS	0.87	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	2.31	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	9.24	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	3	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	2	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	63.32 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	1	ChemAxon
Refractivity	16 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	6.65 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	1	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	Yes	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	Yes	ChemAxon

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

extracellular
mitochondrion
cytoplasm

Organoleptic Properties

Flavour/Odour	Source
Odorless	FDB000484

SMPDB Pathways

Glutathione metabolism	PW002395
Nitrogen metabolism	PW002504
One Carbon Pool by Folate I	PW002468
Porphyrin Metabolism	PW002462
glycine metabolism	PW002398

KEGG Pathways

Cyanoamino acid metabolism	ec00460
Glutathione metabolism	ec00480
Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism	ec00260
Lysine degradation	ec00310
Methane metabolism	ec00680

SMPDB Reactions

Gamma-Glutamylcysteine + Glycine + Adenosine triphosphate → ADP + phosphate + hydron + Glutathione

L-cysteinylglycine + water → Glycine + L-Cysteine

L-Serine + Tetrahydrofolic acid → water + Glycine + 5,10-Methylene-THF

Glycine + Tetrahydrofolic acid → Ammonium + 5,10-Methylene-THF

KEGG Reactions

Glycine + hydron + Succinyl-CoA → 5-Aminolevulinic acid + Carbon dioxide + Coenzyme A

Glyoxylic acid + L-Alanine → Pyruvic acid + Glycine

Adenosine triphosphate + Glycine + Gamma-Glutamylcysteine → phosphate + Glutathione + hydron + ADP

L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoic acid + Coenzyme A → Glycine + Acetyl-CoA

NAD + Glycine + 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrofolic acid → NADH + Carbon dioxide + 5,10-Methylene-THF + Ammonium

Concentrations

Intracellular Concentrations

Intracellular Concentration	Substrate	Growth Conditions	Strain	Citation
3279 ± 65 µM	YPD media	aerobic	Baker's yeast	PMID: 7654310
1093 ± 22 µM	YPG media	aerobic	Baker's yeast	PMID: 7654310
2869 ± 57 µM	SD media	aerobic	Baker's yeast	PMID: 7654310
1366 ± 27 µM	SG media	aerobic	Baker's yeast	PMID: 7654310
3142 ± 63 µM	M (molasses)	aerobic	Baker's yeast	PMID: 7654310
7241 ± 145 µM	MA (molasses)	aerobic	Baker's yeast	PMID: 7654310
3006 ± 60 µM	MB (molasses)	aerobic	Baker's yeast	PMID: 7654310
4782 ± 96 µM	MAB (molasses)	aerobic	Baker's yeast	PMID: 7654310
1291 ± 65 µM	YEB media with 0.5 mM glucose	aerobic	Baker's yeast	Experimentally Determined Not Available
780 ± 287 µM	Synthetic medium with 20 g/L glucose	aerobic	Baker's yeast	PMID: 12584756
15000 ± 0 µM	Minimal medium supplemented with glucose	aerobic;resting cells	Baker's yeast	PMID: 4578278
15000 ± 0 µM	Minimal medium supplemented with ammonium and glucose	aerobic;growing cells	Baker's yeast	PMID: 4578278
Conversion Details Here

Extracellular Concentrations

Intracellular Concentration	Substrate	Growth Conditions	Strain	Citation
1732 ± 0 µM	hops, malted barley	anaerobic	Baker's yeast	Alcoholic beverage, beer, regular, all - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. 2010. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 23. Nutrient Data Laboratory Home Page
Conversion Details Here

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	View
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (3 TMS)	splash10-00dj-2900000000-0ef96bcf06ce475afcdd	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized)	splash10-00dj-1900000000-1d289099ac79cfb8bb19	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (3 TMS)	splash10-00di-7910000000-6c972a683dfb75b69331	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (2 TMS)	splash10-0udi-0900000000-ef69e38ee6cebc2ece00	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (3 TMS)	splash10-00di-2910000000-3215b9e40f20c7b306cd	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-001i-9000000000-719b7f248956f13a312d	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0udi-0900000000-99b4fc43740b21edc786	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-00di-1910000000-4cff4d14c73acff9442f	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-00dj-2900000000-0ef96bcf06ce475afcdd	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-00dj-1900000000-1d289099ac79cfb8bb19	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-QQ (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0002-4960000000-2c6fa028e985c6019854	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-00di-7910000000-6c972a683dfb75b69331	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)	splash10-00di-2910000000-3215b9e40f20c7b306cd	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0udi-0900000000-ef69e38ee6cebc2ece00	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-00ds-2900000000-ffffed9c78c16a884e4a	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-004r-3900000000-f288b50b7b6890429811	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0udi-1900000000-c76140c31c1f120e4b9d	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-001i-9000000000-f0a2cfbefb9fcd9b6c3e	JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-00di-9300000000-b8bbfc1276d5adb1ba04	JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-003r-9000000000-725357e461c898a7451e	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-001i-9000000000-9f3930e66b117ad91dca	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-001i-9000000000-b3336097dddbb5e22871	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - EI-B (HITACHI RMU-6M) , Positive	splash10-001i-9000000000-719b7f248956f13a312d	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negative	splash10-00di-9000000000-6001578fc511ba3fefef	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negative	splash10-00di-9000000000-79b2a0a9d93de6a62358	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negative	splash10-00di-9000000000-9290dbe208c4744f4431	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positive	splash10-004i-9000000000-342ab462db0835abb3d2	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Positive	splash10-0ar1-9010000000-9daadc1d169a8530926d	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Positive	splash10-07y0-9220000000-8c7785f1f3aa8052679f	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Positive	splash10-0ula-9110000000-43ada06fe1b56b4e9fcc	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Positive	splash10-017i-9000000000-fbd78fbb48f082235f42	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - CE-ESI-TOF (CE-system connected to 6210 Time-of-Flight MS, Agilent) , Positive	splash10-004i-9000000000-c38d0fb28793438083a9	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - DI-ESI-Q-Exactive Plus , Positive	splash10-004i-9000000000-18a7ae48c7b0e15cdf18	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-00di-9000000000-6001578fc511ba3fefef	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-00di-9000000000-79b2a0a9d93de6a62358	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-00di-9000000000-9290dbe208c4744f4431	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - , negative	splash10-00di-9000000000-605b44ac311a9af4bb7a	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive	splash10-004i-9000000000-342ab462db0835abb3d2	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-0059-9000000000-c6b1ebc1dba89b6a6184	JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-001i-9000000000-851aa6a0263541a8b249	JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-053r-9000000000-d3b5624412082bb2cf60	JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-00di-9000000000-89b2c043a5afe3ebc6f6	JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-00di-9000000000-b4046e208ee8adb87021	JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-05fr-9000000000-36521e440c602bd2ca5a	JSpectraViewer
MS	Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)	splash10-001i-9000000000-222d6c3a1ba6afcd7ea9	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
2D NMR	[1H,1H] 2D NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
2D NMR	[1H,13C] 2D NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer

References

References:

Martinez-Force, E., Benitez, T. (1995). "Effects of varying media, temperature, and growth rates on the intracellular concentrations of yeast amino acids." Biotechnol Prog 11:386-392.7654310
UniProt Consortium (2011). "Ongoing and future developments at the Universal Protein Resource." Nucleic Acids Res 39:D214-D219.21051339
Scheer, M., Grote, A., Chang, A., Schomburg, I., Munaretto, C., Rother, M., Sohngen, C., Stelzer, M., Thiele, J., Schomburg, D. (2011). "BRENDA, the enzyme information system in 2011." Nucleic Acids Res 39:D670-D676.21062828
Herrgard, M. J., Swainston, N., Dobson, P., Dunn, W. B., Arga, K. Y., Arvas, M., Bluthgen, N., Borger, S., Costenoble, R., Heinemann, M., Hucka, M., Le Novere, N., Li, P., Liebermeister, W., Mo, M. L., Oliveira, A. P., Petranovic, D., Pettifer, S., Simeonidis, E., Smallbone, K., Spasic, I., Weichart, D., Brent, R., Broomhead, D. S., Westerhoff, H. V., Kirdar, B., Penttila, M., Klipp, E., Palsson, B. O., Sauer, U., Oliver, S. G., Mendes, P., Nielsen, J., Kell, D. B. (2008). "A consensus yeast metabolic network reconstruction obtained from a community approach to systems biology." Nat Biotechnol 26:1155-1160.18846089
Flynn, N. E., Patyrak, M. E., Seely, J. B., Wu, G. (2010). "Glycine oxidation and conversion into amino acids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans." Amino Acids 39:605-608.20091413
Chelstowska, A., Rytka, J. (1993). "[Biosynthesis of heme in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae]." Postepy Biochem 39:173-185.8234090
Takada, Y., Noguchi, T. (1985). "Characteristics of alanine: glyoxylate aminotransferase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a regulatory enzyme in the glyoxylate pathway of glycine and serine biosynthesis from tricarboxylic acid-cycle intermediates." Biochem J 231:157-163.3933486
Alcoholic beverage, beer, regular, all - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. 2010. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 23. Nutrient Data Laboratory Home Page
Hans, M. A., Heinzle, E., Wittmann, C. (2003). "Free intracellular amino acid pools during autonomous oscillations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Biotechnol Bioeng 82:143-151.12584756
Schreve, J. L., Sin, J. K., Garrett, J. M. (1998). "The Saccharomyces cerevisiae YCC5 (YCL025c) gene encodes an amino acid permease, Agp1, which transports asparagine and glutamine." J Bacteriol 180:2556-2559.9573211
Nookaew, I., Jewett, M. C., Meechai, A., Thammarongtham, C., Laoteng, K., Cheevadhanarak, S., Nielsen, J., Bhumiratana, S. (2008). "The genome-scale metabolic model iIN800 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its validation: a scaffold to query lipid metabolism." BMC Syst Biol 2:71.18687109
McNeil, J. B., Bognar, A. L., Pearlman, R. E. (1996). "In vivo analysis of folate coenzymes and their compartmentation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Genetics 142:371-381.8852837
Turner, R. J., Lovato, M., Schimmel, P. (2000). "One of two genes encoding glycyl-tRNA synthetase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae provides mitochondrial and cytoplasmic functions." J Biol Chem 275:27681-27688.10874035
Liu, J. Q., Nagata, S., Dairi, T., Misono, H., Shimizu, S., Yamada, H. (1997). "The GLY1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a low-specific L-threonine aldolase that catalyzes cleavage of L-allo-threonine and L-threonine to glycine--expression of the gene in Escherichia coli and purification and characterization of the enzyme." Eur J Biochem 245:289-293.9151955
Gancedo, J. M., Gancedo, C. (1973). "Concentrations of intermediary metabolites in yeast." Biochimie 55:205-211.4578278
Castrillo, J. I., Zeef, L. A., Hoyle, D. C., Zhang, N., Hayes, A., Gardner, D. C., Cornell, M. J., Petty, J., Hakes, L., Wardleworth, L., Rash, B., Brown, M., Dunn, W. B., Broadhurst, D., O'Donoghue, K., Hester, S. S., Dunkley, T. P., Hart, S. R., Swainston, N., Li, P., Gaskell, S. J., Paton, N. W., Lilley, K. S., Kell, D. B., Oliver, S. G. (2007). "Growth control of the eukaryote cell: a systems biology study in yeast." J Biol 6:4.17439666

Synthesis Reference:

Anslow, Winston K.; King, Harold. Synthesis of glycine. Journal of the Chemical Society (1929), 2163-6.

External Links:

Resource	Link
CHEBI ID	15428
HMDB ID	HMDB00123
Pubchem Compound ID	750
Kegg ID	C00037
ChemSpider ID	730
FOODB ID	FDB000484
Wikipedia	Glycine
BioCyc ID	GLY

L-threonine → glycine + acetaldehyde.
L-allo-threonine → glycine + acetaldehyde.

Structure for #<Compound:0xaebe144c>

Enzymes

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